Skip to content
1981

The Poetics and Political Economy of Repair

image of The Poetics and Political Economy of Repair

This chapter explores the poetics and political economy of technology repair, reviewing fieldwork from amateur fixer communities in North America and Europe to livelihood repair communities in the global South. It argues for the need to combine poetics and political economy in our understanding of emerging media forms.

Keywords: big data ; communication ; development ; environment ; ethnography ; infrastructure ; law ; maintenance ; materiality ; media ; policy ; repair ; science and technology studies ; theory

Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/content/books/9781789383263.book-part-024
Loading

Data & Media loading...

References

  1. Agnew, Harriet (2018), ‘France probes Apple over iPhone battery slow down’, Financial Times, 9 January, https://www.ft.com/content/7fc849e6-f530-11e7-8715-e94187b3017e. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque, Jackson, Steven J. and Rifat, Mohammad Rashidujjaman (2015), ‘Learning to fix: Knowledge, collaboration, and mobile phone repair in Dhaka, Bangladesh’, Proceedings of the 2015 Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICTD) Conference, Singapore, 15–18 May, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Anand, Nikhil (2012), ‘Pressure: The PoliTechnics of water supply in Mumbai’, Cultural Anthropology, 26:4, pp. 54264.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Apple (2017a), ‘Vintage and obsolete products’, Apple Support, https://support.apple.com/en-gb/HT201624. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. ——— (2017b), ‘A message to our customers about iPhone batteries and performance’, Apple Support, 28 December, https://www.apple.com/iphone-battery-and-performance/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Baraniuk, Chris (2016), ‘Apple apologises for iPhone “error 53” and issues fix’, BBC News, 19 February, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-35611756. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. BBC (2016), ‘iPhones ‘disabled’ if Apple detects third-party repairs’, BBC News, 5 February, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-35502030. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bloomberg, Jason (2017), ‘John Deere’s digital transformation runs afoul of right-to-repair movement’, Forbes, 30 April, https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonbloomberg/2017/04/30/john-deeres-digital-transformation-runs-afoul-of-right-to-repair-movement/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Bowker, Geoffrey C. and Star, Susan Leigh (1999), Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  10. Caravanos, Jack, Clark, Edith, Fuller, Richard and Lambertson, Calah (2011), ‘Assessing worker and environmental chemical exposure risks at an e-waste recycling and disposal site in Accra, Ghana’, Journal of Health & Pollution, 1:1, pp. 1625.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Clover, Juli (2017), ‘Apple to offer $29 iPhone battery replacements, more battery health info in iOS’, Mac Rumors, 28 December, https://www.macrumors.com/2017/12/28/apple-iphone-battery-performance-price-drop/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Connolly, William (2013), The Fragility of Things: Self-Organizing Processes, Neoliberal Fantasies, and Democratic Activism, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  13. Cook, Brad (2006), ‘Apple legal issues cease & desist over service manual posting’, The Mac Observer, 3 May, https://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/Apple_Legal_Issues_Cease_Desist_Over_Service_Manual_Posting. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Cubitt, Sean (2017), Finite Media: Environmental Implications of Digital Technologies, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  15. Denis, Jerome and Pontille, David (2015), ‘Material ordering and the care of things’, Science, Technology, and Human Values, 40:3, pp. 33867.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. DeSilvey, Caitlin (2006), ‘Observed decay: Telling stories with mutable things’, Journal of Material Culture, 11:3, pp. 31838.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Dew, Kristin N. and Rosner, Daniela K. (2019), ‘Designing with waste’, Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, San Diego, CA, USA, 23–28 June, Association of Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Dominguez-Rubio, Fernando (2016), ‘On the discrepancy between objects and things: An ecological approach’, Journal of Material Culture, 21:1, pp. 5986.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Edensor, Tim (2011), ‘Entangled agencies, material networks and repair in a building assemblage: The mutable stone of St. Ann’s Church, Manchester’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36:2, pp. 23852.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2013), ‘Towards the circular economy’, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/publications/Ellen-MacArthur-Foundation-Towards-the-Circular-Economy-vol.1.pdf. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Federal Trade Commission (2019), ‘Call for empirical research: Nixing the fix: A workshop on repair restrictions’, https://www.ftc.gov/nixing-the-fix-call-for-research. Accessed 7 July 2019.
  22. Grant, Kristen, Goldizen, Fiona C., Sly, Peter D., Brune, Marie-Noel, Neira, Maria, van den Berg, Martin and Norman, Rosana E. (2013), ‘Health consequences of exposure to e-waste: A systematic review’, Lancet Global Health, 1:6, pp. 35061.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Gupta, Pamila, and Hecht, Gabrielle (eds) (2017), ‘Toxicity, waste, and detritus in the Global South: Africa and beyond’, Somatosphere, http://somatosphere.net/toxicity. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Henke, Christopher (2007), ‘Situation normal? Repairing a risky ecology’, Social Studies of Science, 37:1, pp. 13542.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Hern, Alex (2016), ‘Revolv devices bricked as Google’s Nest shuts down smart home company’, The Guardian, 5 April, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/apr/05/revolv-devices-bricked-google-nest-smart-home. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Hicks, Tim (2012), ‘Toshiba laptop service manuals and the sorry state of copyright law’, Future Proof, http://www.tim.id.au/blog/2012/11/10/toshiba-laptop-service-manuals-and-the-sorry-state-of-copyright-law/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Houston, Lara (2014), ‘Inventive infrastructure: An exploration of mobile phone repair in Kampala, Uganda’, Ph.D. thesis, Lancaster: Lancaster University.
  28. Houston, Lara and Jackson, Steven J. (2017), ‘Caring for the “next billion” mobile handsets: Opening proprietary closures through the work of repair’, Information Technologies and International Development, 13, pp. 20014.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Houston, Lara, Jackson, Steven J., Rosner, Daniela, Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque., Young, Meg and Kang, Laewoo Leo (2016), ‘Values in repair’, Proceedings of the 2016 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing, San Jose, CA, 7–12 May, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Houston, Lara, Rosner, Daniela, Jackson, Steven J. and Allen, Jamie (2017), ‘R3PAIR VOLUME’, Continent Journal, 6:1, http://www.continentcontinent.cc/index.php/continent/issue/view/27. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. iFixit (2015), ‘Repair Manifesto’, https://www.ifixit.com/Manifesto. Accessed 7 July 2019.
  32. iOS Support Matrix (n.d.), ‘iOS Support Matrix’, http://iossupportmatrix.com. Accessed 7 July 2019.
  33. Jackson, Steven J. (2014), ‘Rethinking repair’, in T. Gillespie, P. Boczkowski and K. Foot (eds), Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 22139.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Jackson, Steven J. and Kang, Leo (2014), ‘Breakdown, obsolescence and reuse: HCI and the art of repair’, Proceedings of the 2014 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing, Toronto, 26 April–May 1, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Jackson, Steven J., Pompe, Alex and Krieshok, Gabriel (2011), ‘Things fall apart: Maintenance and repair in ICT for education initiatives in Rural Namibia’, Proceedings of the 2011 iConference, Seattle, WA, 8–11 February, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. ——— (2012), ‘Repair worlds: Maintenance, repair, and ICT for development in Rural Namibia’, Proceedings of the 2012 Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) Conference, Seattle, WA, 11–15 February, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Jackson, Steven J., Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque and Rifat, Mohammad Rashidujjaman (2014), ‘Learning, innovation and sustainability among mobile phone repairers in Dhaka, Bangladesh’, Proceedings of the 2014 Designing Interactive Systems (DIS) Conference, Vancouver, 21–25 June, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. John Deere (2016), ‘License agreement for John Deere embedded software’, John Deere, 28 October, https://www.deere.com/privacy_and_data/docs/agreement_pdfs/english/2016-10-28-Embedded-Software-EULA.pdf. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Lepawsky, Josh (2015), ‘The changing geography of global trade in electronic discards: Time to rethink the e-waste problem’, The Geographical Journal, 181:2, pp. 147–59.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Liboiron, Max (2014), ‘Why discard studies?’, http://discardstudies.com/2014/05/07/why-discard-studies/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
  41. Mann, Ronald (2017), ‘Opinion analysis: Federal Circuit loses again, as justices categorically reject enforcement of post-sale patent restrictions’, SCOTUSblog, 30 May, https://www.scotusblog.com/2017/05/opinion-analysis-federal-circuit-loses-justices-categorically-reject-enforcement-post-sale-patent-restrictions/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Masnick, Mike (2012), ‘Toshiba: You can’t have repair manuals because they’re copyrighted and you’re too dumb to fix a computer’, Tech Dirt, 12 November, https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121110/22403121007/toshiba-you-cant-have-repair-manuals-because-theyre-copyrighted-youre-too-dumb-to-fix-computer.shtml. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. ——— (2015), ‘GM says that while you might own your car, it owns the software in it, thanks to copyright’, Tech Dirt, https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150421/23581430744/gm-says-that-while-you-may-own-your-car-it-owns-software-it-thanks-to-copyright.shtml. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. McSherry, Corinne (2010), ‘A mixed ninth circuit ruling in MDY v. Blizzard: WoW buyers are not owners – But glider users are not copyright infringers’, Electronic Frontier Foundation, https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2010/12/mixed-ninth-circuit-ruling-mdy-v-blizzard-wow. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Michel, Anaïs (2017), ‘Product lifetimes through the various legal approaches within the EU context: Recent initiatives against planned obsolescence’, Proceedings of Product Lifetimes and the Environment Conference, Delft University of Technology, 8–10 November, pp. 26670, http://ebooks.iospress.nl/publication/47882. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Packard, Vance (1960), The Waste Makers, New York: D. McKay Co.
  47. Parikka, Jussi (2015), A Geology of Media, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  48. Poole, John (2017), ‘iPhone performance and battery age’, Primate Labs, https://www.geekbench.com/blog/2017/12/iphone-performance-and-battery-age/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Restart Project (2019), ‘Massive precedent set for repairable products’, The Restart Project Blog, https://therestartproject.org/news/massive-right-to-repair-precedent/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Rifat, Mohammad Rashidujjaman, Prottoy, Hasan Mahmud and Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque (2019), ‘The breaking hand: Skills, care and sufferings of the hands of an electronic waste worker in Bangladesh’, Proceedings of the 2019 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing, Glasgow, UK, 4–9 May, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Rosner, Daniela and Ames, Morgan (2014), ‘Designing for repair?: Infrastructures and materialities of breakdown’, Proceedings of the 2014 Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) Conference, Baltimore, MD, 15–19 February, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Rossignol, Joe (2018), ‘‘78 more customers sue Apple over “secretly throttling” older iPhones in latest class action’, Mac Rumors, 5 July, https://www.macrumors.com/2018/07/05/yet-another-iphone-slowdown-class-action/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Rreuse (2017), ‘Reduced taxation to support re-use and repair’, Rreuse, http://www.rreuse.org/wp-content/uploads/RREUSE-position-on-VAT-2017-Final-website_1.pdf. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Simmel, Georg (1950), The Sociology of Georg Simmel (trans. K. H. Wolff) New York: Free Press.
  55. Simone, AbdouMaliq (2004), ‘People as infrastructure: Intersecting fragments in Johannesburg’, Public Culture, 16:3, pp. 40729.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Star, Susan Leigh and Ruhleder, Karen (1996), ‘Steps toward an ecology of infrastructure: Design and access for large information spaces’, Information Systems Research, 7:1, pp. 11134.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. State of Washington (2018), ‘Substitute House Bill 2279’, introduced 26 January 2018, http://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2017-18/Pdf/Bills/House%20Bills/2279-S.pdf. Accessed 29 January 2018.
  58. Sydell, Laura (2015), ‘DIY tractor repair runs afoul of copyright law’, NPR, 17 August, https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2015/08/17/432601480/diy-tractor-repair-runs-afoul-of-copyright-law. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Ureta, Sebastian (2014), ‘Normalizing Transantiago: On the challenges (and limits) of repairing infrastructures’, Social Studies of Science, 44:3, pp. 36892.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Weber, Samuel (2002), Institution and Interpretation, Expanded Edition, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  61. Wiens, Kyle (2015), ‘We can’t let John Deere destroy the very idea of ownership’, Wired, 21 April, https://www.wired.com/2015/04/dmca-ownership-john-deere/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Zittrain, Jonathan (2009), The Future of the Internet (and How to Stop It), New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

References

  1. Agnew, Harriet (2018), ‘France probes Apple over iPhone battery slow down’, Financial Times, 9 January, https://www.ft.com/content/7fc849e6-f530-11e7-8715-e94187b3017e. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque, Jackson, Steven J. and Rifat, Mohammad Rashidujjaman (2015), ‘Learning to fix: Knowledge, collaboration, and mobile phone repair in Dhaka, Bangladesh’, Proceedings of the 2015 Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICTD) Conference, Singapore, 15–18 May, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Anand, Nikhil (2012), ‘Pressure: The PoliTechnics of water supply in Mumbai’, Cultural Anthropology, 26:4, pp. 54264.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Apple (2017a), ‘Vintage and obsolete products’, Apple Support, https://support.apple.com/en-gb/HT201624. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. ——— (2017b), ‘A message to our customers about iPhone batteries and performance’, Apple Support, 28 December, https://www.apple.com/iphone-battery-and-performance/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Baraniuk, Chris (2016), ‘Apple apologises for iPhone “error 53” and issues fix’, BBC News, 19 February, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-35611756. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. BBC (2016), ‘iPhones ‘disabled’ if Apple detects third-party repairs’, BBC News, 5 February, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-35502030. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bloomberg, Jason (2017), ‘John Deere’s digital transformation runs afoul of right-to-repair movement’, Forbes, 30 April, https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonbloomberg/2017/04/30/john-deeres-digital-transformation-runs-afoul-of-right-to-repair-movement/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Bowker, Geoffrey C. and Star, Susan Leigh (1999), Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  10. Caravanos, Jack, Clark, Edith, Fuller, Richard and Lambertson, Calah (2011), ‘Assessing worker and environmental chemical exposure risks at an e-waste recycling and disposal site in Accra, Ghana’, Journal of Health & Pollution, 1:1, pp. 1625.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Clover, Juli (2017), ‘Apple to offer $29 iPhone battery replacements, more battery health info in iOS’, Mac Rumors, 28 December, https://www.macrumors.com/2017/12/28/apple-iphone-battery-performance-price-drop/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Connolly, William (2013), The Fragility of Things: Self-Organizing Processes, Neoliberal Fantasies, and Democratic Activism, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  13. Cook, Brad (2006), ‘Apple legal issues cease & desist over service manual posting’, The Mac Observer, 3 May, https://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/Apple_Legal_Issues_Cease_Desist_Over_Service_Manual_Posting. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Cubitt, Sean (2017), Finite Media: Environmental Implications of Digital Technologies, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  15. Denis, Jerome and Pontille, David (2015), ‘Material ordering and the care of things’, Science, Technology, and Human Values, 40:3, pp. 33867.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. DeSilvey, Caitlin (2006), ‘Observed decay: Telling stories with mutable things’, Journal of Material Culture, 11:3, pp. 31838.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Dew, Kristin N. and Rosner, Daniela K. (2019), ‘Designing with waste’, Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, San Diego, CA, USA, 23–28 June, Association of Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Dominguez-Rubio, Fernando (2016), ‘On the discrepancy between objects and things: An ecological approach’, Journal of Material Culture, 21:1, pp. 5986.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Edensor, Tim (2011), ‘Entangled agencies, material networks and repair in a building assemblage: The mutable stone of St. Ann’s Church, Manchester’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36:2, pp. 23852.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2013), ‘Towards the circular economy’, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/publications/Ellen-MacArthur-Foundation-Towards-the-Circular-Economy-vol.1.pdf. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Federal Trade Commission (2019), ‘Call for empirical research: Nixing the fix: A workshop on repair restrictions’, https://www.ftc.gov/nixing-the-fix-call-for-research. Accessed 7 July 2019.
  22. Grant, Kristen, Goldizen, Fiona C., Sly, Peter D., Brune, Marie-Noel, Neira, Maria, van den Berg, Martin and Norman, Rosana E. (2013), ‘Health consequences of exposure to e-waste: A systematic review’, Lancet Global Health, 1:6, pp. 35061.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Gupta, Pamila, and Hecht, Gabrielle (eds) (2017), ‘Toxicity, waste, and detritus in the Global South: Africa and beyond’, Somatosphere, http://somatosphere.net/toxicity. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Henke, Christopher (2007), ‘Situation normal? Repairing a risky ecology’, Social Studies of Science, 37:1, pp. 13542.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Hern, Alex (2016), ‘Revolv devices bricked as Google’s Nest shuts down smart home company’, The Guardian, 5 April, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/apr/05/revolv-devices-bricked-google-nest-smart-home. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Hicks, Tim (2012), ‘Toshiba laptop service manuals and the sorry state of copyright law’, Future Proof, http://www.tim.id.au/blog/2012/11/10/toshiba-laptop-service-manuals-and-the-sorry-state-of-copyright-law/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Houston, Lara (2014), ‘Inventive infrastructure: An exploration of mobile phone repair in Kampala, Uganda’, Ph.D. thesis, Lancaster: Lancaster University.
  28. Houston, Lara and Jackson, Steven J. (2017), ‘Caring for the “next billion” mobile handsets: Opening proprietary closures through the work of repair’, Information Technologies and International Development, 13, pp. 20014.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Houston, Lara, Jackson, Steven J., Rosner, Daniela, Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque., Young, Meg and Kang, Laewoo Leo (2016), ‘Values in repair’, Proceedings of the 2016 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing, San Jose, CA, 7–12 May, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Houston, Lara, Rosner, Daniela, Jackson, Steven J. and Allen, Jamie (2017), ‘R3PAIR VOLUME’, Continent Journal, 6:1, http://www.continentcontinent.cc/index.php/continent/issue/view/27. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. iFixit (2015), ‘Repair Manifesto’, https://www.ifixit.com/Manifesto. Accessed 7 July 2019.
  32. iOS Support Matrix (n.d.), ‘iOS Support Matrix’, http://iossupportmatrix.com. Accessed 7 July 2019.
  33. Jackson, Steven J. (2014), ‘Rethinking repair’, in T. Gillespie, P. Boczkowski and K. Foot (eds), Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 22139.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Jackson, Steven J. and Kang, Leo (2014), ‘Breakdown, obsolescence and reuse: HCI and the art of repair’, Proceedings of the 2014 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing, Toronto, 26 April–May 1, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Jackson, Steven J., Pompe, Alex and Krieshok, Gabriel (2011), ‘Things fall apart: Maintenance and repair in ICT for education initiatives in Rural Namibia’, Proceedings of the 2011 iConference, Seattle, WA, 8–11 February, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. ——— (2012), ‘Repair worlds: Maintenance, repair, and ICT for development in Rural Namibia’, Proceedings of the 2012 Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) Conference, Seattle, WA, 11–15 February, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Jackson, Steven J., Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque and Rifat, Mohammad Rashidujjaman (2014), ‘Learning, innovation and sustainability among mobile phone repairers in Dhaka, Bangladesh’, Proceedings of the 2014 Designing Interactive Systems (DIS) Conference, Vancouver, 21–25 June, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. John Deere (2016), ‘License agreement for John Deere embedded software’, John Deere, 28 October, https://www.deere.com/privacy_and_data/docs/agreement_pdfs/english/2016-10-28-Embedded-Software-EULA.pdf. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Lepawsky, Josh (2015), ‘The changing geography of global trade in electronic discards: Time to rethink the e-waste problem’, The Geographical Journal, 181:2, pp. 147–59.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Liboiron, Max (2014), ‘Why discard studies?’, http://discardstudies.com/2014/05/07/why-discard-studies/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
  41. Mann, Ronald (2017), ‘Opinion analysis: Federal Circuit loses again, as justices categorically reject enforcement of post-sale patent restrictions’, SCOTUSblog, 30 May, https://www.scotusblog.com/2017/05/opinion-analysis-federal-circuit-loses-justices-categorically-reject-enforcement-post-sale-patent-restrictions/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Masnick, Mike (2012), ‘Toshiba: You can’t have repair manuals because they’re copyrighted and you’re too dumb to fix a computer’, Tech Dirt, 12 November, https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20121110/22403121007/toshiba-you-cant-have-repair-manuals-because-theyre-copyrighted-youre-too-dumb-to-fix-computer.shtml. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. ——— (2015), ‘GM says that while you might own your car, it owns the software in it, thanks to copyright’, Tech Dirt, https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150421/23581430744/gm-says-that-while-you-may-own-your-car-it-owns-software-it-thanks-to-copyright.shtml. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. McSherry, Corinne (2010), ‘A mixed ninth circuit ruling in MDY v. Blizzard: WoW buyers are not owners – But glider users are not copyright infringers’, Electronic Frontier Foundation, https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2010/12/mixed-ninth-circuit-ruling-mdy-v-blizzard-wow. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Michel, Anaïs (2017), ‘Product lifetimes through the various legal approaches within the EU context: Recent initiatives against planned obsolescence’, Proceedings of Product Lifetimes and the Environment Conference, Delft University of Technology, 8–10 November, pp. 26670, http://ebooks.iospress.nl/publication/47882. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Packard, Vance (1960), The Waste Makers, New York: D. McKay Co.
  47. Parikka, Jussi (2015), A Geology of Media, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  48. Poole, John (2017), ‘iPhone performance and battery age’, Primate Labs, https://www.geekbench.com/blog/2017/12/iphone-performance-and-battery-age/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Restart Project (2019), ‘Massive precedent set for repairable products’, The Restart Project Blog, https://therestartproject.org/news/massive-right-to-repair-precedent/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Rifat, Mohammad Rashidujjaman, Prottoy, Hasan Mahmud and Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque (2019), ‘The breaking hand: Skills, care and sufferings of the hands of an electronic waste worker in Bangladesh’, Proceedings of the 2019 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing, Glasgow, UK, 4–9 May, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Rosner, Daniela and Ames, Morgan (2014), ‘Designing for repair?: Infrastructures and materialities of breakdown’, Proceedings of the 2014 Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) Conference, Baltimore, MD, 15–19 February, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Rossignol, Joe (2018), ‘‘78 more customers sue Apple over “secretly throttling” older iPhones in latest class action’, Mac Rumors, 5 July, https://www.macrumors.com/2018/07/05/yet-another-iphone-slowdown-class-action/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Rreuse (2017), ‘Reduced taxation to support re-use and repair’, Rreuse, http://www.rreuse.org/wp-content/uploads/RREUSE-position-on-VAT-2017-Final-website_1.pdf. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Simmel, Georg (1950), The Sociology of Georg Simmel (trans. K. H. Wolff) New York: Free Press.
  55. Simone, AbdouMaliq (2004), ‘People as infrastructure: Intersecting fragments in Johannesburg’, Public Culture, 16:3, pp. 40729.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Star, Susan Leigh and Ruhleder, Karen (1996), ‘Steps toward an ecology of infrastructure: Design and access for large information spaces’, Information Systems Research, 7:1, pp. 11134.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. State of Washington (2018), ‘Substitute House Bill 2279’, introduced 26 January 2018, http://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2017-18/Pdf/Bills/House%20Bills/2279-S.pdf. Accessed 29 January 2018.
  58. Sydell, Laura (2015), ‘DIY tractor repair runs afoul of copyright law’, NPR, 17 August, https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2015/08/17/432601480/diy-tractor-repair-runs-afoul-of-copyright-law. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Ureta, Sebastian (2014), ‘Normalizing Transantiago: On the challenges (and limits) of repairing infrastructures’, Social Studies of Science, 44:3, pp. 36892.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Weber, Samuel (2002), Institution and Interpretation, Expanded Edition, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  61. Wiens, Kyle (2015), ‘We can’t let John Deere destroy the very idea of ownership’, Wired, 21 April, https://www.wired.com/2015/04/dmca-ownership-john-deere/. Accessed 7 July 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Zittrain, Jonathan (2009), The Future of the Internet (and How to Stop It), New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
/content/books/9781789383263.book-part-024
dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
-contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
10
5
Chapter
content/books/9781789383263
Book
false
en
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test