Skip to content
1981

oa Drawing Out the Superorganism: Artistic Intervention and the Amplification of Processes of Life

image of Drawing Out the Superorganism: Artistic Intervention and the Amplification of Processes of Life

The true slime mould, Physarum polycephalum, is a single-celled organism which spends much of its life creeping around the forest floor feeding on rotting vegetation. Comprised of many cells, all operating within a single cell membrane, this many-headed amoeba possesses a form of proto-intelligence which enables it to operate far beyond its physiological means. Despite having no sensory organs or a brain, the slime mould has demonstrated that it can recognize pattern by anticipating events and is entirely selforganising, with no centralized control system—purely a mass of cellular cytoplasm pulsing in a synchronous flow. This chapter examines the behaviours of this intriguing organism as mediated through a series of time-lapse studies designed to draw out inherent processes of life. Responding to given interventions–a series of invitations and interruptions utilizing known attractants and repellents–a performative stimulus/response emerges. The imaging technologies employed amplify the biological world of the slime mould to human spatiotemporal scale. The intention of the studies is to reveal the underlying processes at play within this fascinating and beautiful organism and, through the aesthetic and technological devices employed, to entice other humans to observe and take note.

Keywords: co-creation ; collective intelligence ; discourse object ; experimental systems ; interspecies encounters ; model organisms ; principles of emergence ; relational devices ; slime mould art ; species subjectivities ; sympoesis ; time ; ümwelt

Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/9781789387094/9781789387100-c07.html?itemId=/content/books/9781789387094.c07&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah
/content/books/9781789387094.c07
Loading

Data & Media loading...

References

  1. ‘Autumn’ (2013), The Great British Year, Episode 4 (last broadcast 20 August 2020, UK: BBC) https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01dflmb. Accessed 19 September 2021 .
  2. Barad, Karen Michelle (2007), Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning, Durham: Duke University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Barkham, Patrick (2016), ‘Small wonders: The tiny world of F. Percy Smith’, The Guardian, 26 October, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/oct/26/acrobatic-flies-percy-smith-minute-bodies-film-stuart-staples-bfi. Accessed 20 August 2021 .
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Barnett, Heather (2009), The Physarum Experiments, Study No. 011: Observation of Growth over 136 hours [Time-lapse HD video], YouTube, August, https://youtu.be/Lc9Y4M5vvtE. Accessed 15 September 2021 .
  5. Barnett, Heather (2013a), The Physarum Experiments: Study No. 019: The Maze [Time-lapse HD video], YouTube, May, https://youtu.be/SdvJ20g4Cbs. Accessed 15 September 2021 .
  6. Barnett, Heather (2013b), The Physarum Experiments, Study No. 020: Streaming [Microscopy HD video], YouTube, June, https://youtu.be/kuaF5g3RnBo. Accessed 15 September 2021 .224
  7. Barnett, Heather (2016a), The Physarum Experiments, Study No. 022: Starvation Fireworks [Time-lapse HD video], YouTube, October, https://youtu.be/5tYKYpQzu6E. Accessed 15 September 2021 .
  8. Barnett, Heather (2016b), The Physarum Experiments, Study No. 024: Interspecies Encounter [Time-lapse video], YouTube, October, https://youtu.be/cbEirySHYXc. Accessed 15 September 2021 .
  9. Barnett, Heather (2018), The Physarum Experiments, Study No. 026: Intraspecies Fusion [Time-lapse HD video], YouTube, December, https://youtu.be/wSCZSBcZNDA. Accessed 15 September 2021 .
  10. Barnett, Heather (2019a), ‘Being other than we are …’, PUBLIC, 31:59, pp. 15869.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Barnett, Heather (2019b), ‘Many-headed: Co-creating with the collective’, in A. Adamatzky (ed.), Slime Mould in Arts and Architecture, Denmark: River Publishers, pp. 1337.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Barnett, Heather (n.d.a), ‘The Physarum Experiments playlist’, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL052BA2BC570A3852. Accessed 28 September 2021 .
  13. Barnett, Heather (n.d.b), ‘The Physarum Experiments’, Artist Website, http://heatherbarnett.co.uk/work/the-physarum-experiments/. Accessed 10 September 2021 .
  14. Beekman, Madeleine and Latty, Tanya (2015), ‘Brainless but multi-headed: Decision making by the acellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum ’, Journal of Molecular Biology, 427:23, pp. 373443, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2015.07.007. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Boisseau, Romain , Vogel, David and Dussutour, Audrey (2016), ‘Habituation in non-neural organisms: Evidence from slime moulds’, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283:1829, p. 20160446, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0446. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Brown, Stuart (2016), ‘London Film Festival 2016 Catalogue’, BFI. 60th BFI London Film Festival: 5–16 October.
  17. Deleuze, Gilles and Guattari, Felix (1987), A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Dempster, Beth (2000), ‘Sympoietic and autopoietic systems: A new distinction for self-organizing systems’, in Proceedings of the World Congress of the Systems Sciences and ISSS 2000, pp. 1–18.
  19. Elkins, James (2016), ‘Social networks of non-human seeing’, Antennae: The Journal of Nature in Visual Culture, 37, pp. 91103.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Field, Mary , Percy Smith, F. and Durden, J. V. (1942), Ciné-Biology, Middlesex, New York: Pelican Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Grabham, Tim and Sharp, Jasper (2014), The Creeping Garden, UK: Arrow Academy.
  22. Haraway, Donna (2016), Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene, Durham: Duke University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Jain, Rahul (2021), Invisible Demons – Tuhon merkit, India, Finland, Germany: Ma.Ja.De Filmproduktion/Participant/Toinen Katse.
  24. Johnson, Steven (2002), Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities and Software, London: Penguin Books.225
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Latty, Tanya and Beekman, Madeleine (2011), ‘Speed–accuracy trade-offs during foraging decisions in the acellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum ’, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278:1705, pp. 53945, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1624. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Long, Max (2020), ‘The ciné-biologists: Natural history film and the co-production of knowledge in interwar Britain’, The British Journal for the History of Science, 53:4, pp. 52751, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087420000370. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Masui, Mana , Satoh, Shinobu and Seto, Kensuke (2018), ‘Allorecognition behavior of slime mold plasmodium – Physarum rigidum slime sheath-mediated self-extension model’, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 51:28, p. 284001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aac985. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Merhige, E. Elias (2021), Polia & Blastema: A Cosmic Opera, US: Strangeloop Studios
  29. Merriam-Webster (n.d.), ‘draw out’, Merriam-Webster online, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/draw%20out. Accessed 28 August 2021.
  30. Nakagaki, Toshiyuki , Yamada, Hiroyasu and Tóth, Ágota (2000), ‘Maze-solving by an amoeboid organism’, Nature, 407:6803, p. 470, https://doi.org/10.1038/35035159. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Nakagaki, Toshiyuki , Yamada, Hiroyasu and Tóth, Ágota (2001), ‘Path finding by tube morphogenesis in an amoeboid organism’, Biophysical Chemistry, 92:1&2, pp. 4752, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4622(01)00179-x. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Nakamura, Akio and Kohama, Kazuhiro (1999), ‘Calcium regulation of the actin-myosin interaction of Physarum polycephalum ’, International Review of Cytology, pp. 5398, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60157-6. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Reid, Chris R. , Beekman, Madeleine , Latty, Tanya and Dussutour, Audrey (2013), ‘Amoeboid organism uses extracellular secretions to make smart foraging decisions’, Behavioral Ecology, 24:4, pp. 812–18, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/art032. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Reid, Chris R. , MacDonald, Hannelore , Mann, Richard , Marshall, James , Latty, Tanya and Garnier, Simon (2016), ‘Decision-making without a brain: How an amoeboid organism solves the two-armed bandit’, Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 13:119, p. 20160030, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0030. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Rheinberger, Hans-Jörg (1997), Toward a History of Epistemic Things: Synthesizing Proteins in the Test Tube, Stanford: Stanford University Press (Writing science).
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Saigusa, Tetsu , Tero, atsushi , Nakagaki, Toshiyuki and Kuramoto, Yoshiki (2008), ‘Amoebae anticipate periodic events’, Physical Review Letters, 100:1, p. 018101, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.018101. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. ‘Secrets of Nature’ (1922–34), British Instructional Films, UK: BBC, https://secrets-of-nature.co.uk/. Accessed 1 September 2021 .
  38. Seifriz, William and Zetzmann, Marie (1935), ‘A slime mould pigment as indicator of acidity’, Protoplasma, 23:1, pp. 17579, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01603385. Accessed 9 November 2022.226
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Shaviro, Steven (2016), ‘Thinking like a slime mold’, in Discognition, London: Repeater Books, pp. 193215.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Smith, Percy F. and Field, Mary (1931), Magic Myxies, British Instructional Films, http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1269007/credits.html. Accessed 23 May 2021 .
  41. Smith, Timothy (2019), Queering di Teknolojik, UK: Lucid Films
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Smith-Ferguson, Jules , Reid, Chris R. , Latty, Tanya and Beekman, Madeleine (2017), ‘Hänsel, Gretel and the slime mould – How an external spatial memory aids navigation in complex environments’, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 50:41, p. 414003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa87df. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Uexküll, Jacob Von (1934), ‘A stroll through the worlds of animals and men: A picture book of invisible worlds’, Originally published in Instinctive Behavior (ed. and trans. C. H. Schiller), Madison: International Universities Press, 1957, pp. 5–80. Reprinted in 1992 in Semiotica 89:4, pp. 319–91, https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1992.89.4.319. Accessed 9 November 2022.
  44. Vallverdú, Jordi , Castro, Oscar , Mayne, Richard , Talanov, Max , Levin, Michael , Baluska, Frantisek , Gunji, Yukio , Dussutour, Audrey , Zenil, Hector and Adamatzky, Andrew (2018), ‘Slime mould: The fundamental mechanisms of biological cognition’, Biosystems, 165, pp. 5770, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2017.12.011. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Vogel, David and Dussutour, Audrey (2016), ‘Direct transfer of learned behaviour via cell fusion in non-neural organisms’, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283:1845, p. 20162382, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2382. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Whatson, Doctor (2019), ‘Is this slime mold intelligent without a brain?’, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2cSz14Y_wY. Accessed 1 October 2021 .

References

  1. ‘Autumn’ (2013), The Great British Year, Episode 4 (last broadcast 20 August 2020, UK: BBC) https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01dflmb. Accessed 19 September 2021 .
  2. Barad, Karen Michelle (2007), Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning, Durham: Duke University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Barkham, Patrick (2016), ‘Small wonders: The tiny world of F. Percy Smith’, The Guardian, 26 October, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/oct/26/acrobatic-flies-percy-smith-minute-bodies-film-stuart-staples-bfi. Accessed 20 August 2021 .
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Barnett, Heather (2009), The Physarum Experiments, Study No. 011: Observation of Growth over 136 hours [Time-lapse HD video], YouTube, August, https://youtu.be/Lc9Y4M5vvtE. Accessed 15 September 2021 .
  5. Barnett, Heather (2013a), The Physarum Experiments: Study No. 019: The Maze [Time-lapse HD video], YouTube, May, https://youtu.be/SdvJ20g4Cbs. Accessed 15 September 2021 .
  6. Barnett, Heather (2013b), The Physarum Experiments, Study No. 020: Streaming [Microscopy HD video], YouTube, June, https://youtu.be/kuaF5g3RnBo. Accessed 15 September 2021 .224
  7. Barnett, Heather (2016a), The Physarum Experiments, Study No. 022: Starvation Fireworks [Time-lapse HD video], YouTube, October, https://youtu.be/5tYKYpQzu6E. Accessed 15 September 2021 .
  8. Barnett, Heather (2016b), The Physarum Experiments, Study No. 024: Interspecies Encounter [Time-lapse video], YouTube, October, https://youtu.be/cbEirySHYXc. Accessed 15 September 2021 .
  9. Barnett, Heather (2018), The Physarum Experiments, Study No. 026: Intraspecies Fusion [Time-lapse HD video], YouTube, December, https://youtu.be/wSCZSBcZNDA. Accessed 15 September 2021 .
  10. Barnett, Heather (2019a), ‘Being other than we are …’, PUBLIC, 31:59, pp. 15869.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Barnett, Heather (2019b), ‘Many-headed: Co-creating with the collective’, in A. Adamatzky (ed.), Slime Mould in Arts and Architecture, Denmark: River Publishers, pp. 1337.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Barnett, Heather (n.d.a), ‘The Physarum Experiments playlist’, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL052BA2BC570A3852. Accessed 28 September 2021 .
  13. Barnett, Heather (n.d.b), ‘The Physarum Experiments’, Artist Website, http://heatherbarnett.co.uk/work/the-physarum-experiments/. Accessed 10 September 2021 .
  14. Beekman, Madeleine and Latty, Tanya (2015), ‘Brainless but multi-headed: Decision making by the acellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum ’, Journal of Molecular Biology, 427:23, pp. 373443, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2015.07.007. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Boisseau, Romain , Vogel, David and Dussutour, Audrey (2016), ‘Habituation in non-neural organisms: Evidence from slime moulds’, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283:1829, p. 20160446, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0446. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Brown, Stuart (2016), ‘London Film Festival 2016 Catalogue’, BFI. 60th BFI London Film Festival: 5–16 October.
  17. Deleuze, Gilles and Guattari, Felix (1987), A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Dempster, Beth (2000), ‘Sympoietic and autopoietic systems: A new distinction for self-organizing systems’, in Proceedings of the World Congress of the Systems Sciences and ISSS 2000, pp. 1–18.
  19. Elkins, James (2016), ‘Social networks of non-human seeing’, Antennae: The Journal of Nature in Visual Culture, 37, pp. 91103.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Field, Mary , Percy Smith, F. and Durden, J. V. (1942), Ciné-Biology, Middlesex, New York: Pelican Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Grabham, Tim and Sharp, Jasper (2014), The Creeping Garden, UK: Arrow Academy.
  22. Haraway, Donna (2016), Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene, Durham: Duke University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Jain, Rahul (2021), Invisible Demons – Tuhon merkit, India, Finland, Germany: Ma.Ja.De Filmproduktion/Participant/Toinen Katse.
  24. Johnson, Steven (2002), Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities and Software, London: Penguin Books.225
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Latty, Tanya and Beekman, Madeleine (2011), ‘Speed–accuracy trade-offs during foraging decisions in the acellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum ’, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278:1705, pp. 53945, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1624. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Long, Max (2020), ‘The ciné-biologists: Natural history film and the co-production of knowledge in interwar Britain’, The British Journal for the History of Science, 53:4, pp. 52751, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087420000370. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Masui, Mana , Satoh, Shinobu and Seto, Kensuke (2018), ‘Allorecognition behavior of slime mold plasmodium – Physarum rigidum slime sheath-mediated self-extension model’, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 51:28, p. 284001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aac985. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Merhige, E. Elias (2021), Polia & Blastema: A Cosmic Opera, US: Strangeloop Studios
  29. Merriam-Webster (n.d.), ‘draw out’, Merriam-Webster online, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/draw%20out. Accessed 28 August 2021.
  30. Nakagaki, Toshiyuki , Yamada, Hiroyasu and Tóth, Ágota (2000), ‘Maze-solving by an amoeboid organism’, Nature, 407:6803, p. 470, https://doi.org/10.1038/35035159. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Nakagaki, Toshiyuki , Yamada, Hiroyasu and Tóth, Ágota (2001), ‘Path finding by tube morphogenesis in an amoeboid organism’, Biophysical Chemistry, 92:1&2, pp. 4752, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4622(01)00179-x. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Nakamura, Akio and Kohama, Kazuhiro (1999), ‘Calcium regulation of the actin-myosin interaction of Physarum polycephalum ’, International Review of Cytology, pp. 5398, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60157-6. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Reid, Chris R. , Beekman, Madeleine , Latty, Tanya and Dussutour, Audrey (2013), ‘Amoeboid organism uses extracellular secretions to make smart foraging decisions’, Behavioral Ecology, 24:4, pp. 812–18, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/art032. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Reid, Chris R. , MacDonald, Hannelore , Mann, Richard , Marshall, James , Latty, Tanya and Garnier, Simon (2016), ‘Decision-making without a brain: How an amoeboid organism solves the two-armed bandit’, Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 13:119, p. 20160030, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0030. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Rheinberger, Hans-Jörg (1997), Toward a History of Epistemic Things: Synthesizing Proteins in the Test Tube, Stanford: Stanford University Press (Writing science).
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Saigusa, Tetsu , Tero, atsushi , Nakagaki, Toshiyuki and Kuramoto, Yoshiki (2008), ‘Amoebae anticipate periodic events’, Physical Review Letters, 100:1, p. 018101, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.018101. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. ‘Secrets of Nature’ (1922–34), British Instructional Films, UK: BBC, https://secrets-of-nature.co.uk/. Accessed 1 September 2021 .
  38. Seifriz, William and Zetzmann, Marie (1935), ‘A slime mould pigment as indicator of acidity’, Protoplasma, 23:1, pp. 17579, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01603385. Accessed 9 November 2022.226
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Shaviro, Steven (2016), ‘Thinking like a slime mold’, in Discognition, London: Repeater Books, pp. 193215.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Smith, Percy F. and Field, Mary (1931), Magic Myxies, British Instructional Films, http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1269007/credits.html. Accessed 23 May 2021 .
  41. Smith, Timothy (2019), Queering di Teknolojik, UK: Lucid Films
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Smith-Ferguson, Jules , Reid, Chris R. , Latty, Tanya and Beekman, Madeleine (2017), ‘Hänsel, Gretel and the slime mould – How an external spatial memory aids navigation in complex environments’, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 50:41, p. 414003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa87df. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Uexküll, Jacob Von (1934), ‘A stroll through the worlds of animals and men: A picture book of invisible worlds’, Originally published in Instinctive Behavior (ed. and trans. C. H. Schiller), Madison: International Universities Press, 1957, pp. 5–80. Reprinted in 1992 in Semiotica 89:4, pp. 319–91, https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1992.89.4.319. Accessed 9 November 2022.
  44. Vallverdú, Jordi , Castro, Oscar , Mayne, Richard , Talanov, Max , Levin, Michael , Baluska, Frantisek , Gunji, Yukio , Dussutour, Audrey , Zenil, Hector and Adamatzky, Andrew (2018), ‘Slime mould: The fundamental mechanisms of biological cognition’, Biosystems, 165, pp. 5770, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2017.12.011. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Vogel, David and Dussutour, Audrey (2016), ‘Direct transfer of learned behaviour via cell fusion in non-neural organisms’, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283:1845, p. 20162382, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2382. Accessed 9 November 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Whatson, Doctor (2019), ‘Is this slime mold intelligent without a brain?’, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2cSz14Y_wY. Accessed 1 October 2021 .
/content/books/9781789387094.c07
dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
-contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
10
5
Chapter
content/books/9781789387094
Book
false
en
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test