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References

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References

  1. ACCC (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission) . ( 2019), Digital Platforms Inquiry: Final Report, https://www.accc.gov.au/publications/digital-platforms-inquiry-final-report. Accessed 26 July 2019 .
  2. Arguedas, Amy Ross ,, Robertson, Craig T. ,, Fletcher, Richard , and Nielsen, Rasmus Klein . ( 2022), Echo Chambers, Filter Bubbles, and Polarisation: A Literature Review, Reuters Institute for Journalism, Oxford:: University of Oxford;. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/echo-chambers-filter-bubbles-and-polarisation-literature-review. Accessed 20 January 2022 .
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  4. Australian Senate . ( 2021), Media Diversity in Australia. Senate Environment and Communications References Committee, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/committees/reportsen/024602/toc_pdf/MediadiversityinAustralia.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf. Accessed 9 February 2022 .
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  6. Bruns, Axel . ( 2019), Are Filter Bubbles Real? Cambridge:: Polity;.
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  7. Bucher, Taina . ( 2018), If … Then: Algorithmic Power and Politics, New York:: Oxford University Press;.
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  8. Council of Europe ( 2022), Recommendation CM/Rec (2022) 11 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Principles for Media and Communication Governance, https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectID=0900001680a61712. Accessed 18 May 2022 .
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  12. Dwyer, Tim ,, Wilding, Derek , and Koskie, Tim . ( 2021), ‘ Australia: Media concentration and deteriorating conditions for investigative journalism’. , in J. Trappel , and T. Tomaz . (eds), The Media for Democracy Monitor 2021, Gothenburg:: Nordicom, ;pp. 59–94.218
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  14. Eubanks, Virginia . ( 2017), Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police and Punish the Poor, New York:: St. Martin's Press;.
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  15. European Commission ( 2018), Tackling Online Disinformation: A European Approach, (Report No. 52018DC0236), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52018DC0236. Accessed 11 February 2022 .
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  20. Giotis, Chrisanthi, Molitorisz, Sacha and Wilding, Derek ( 2023), ‘How Australia's competition regulator is supporting news, but not quality’, in P. M. Napoli and R. Lawrence (eds), News Quality in the Digital Age, New York:: Routledge;, pp. 169–86.
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  21. Habermas, Jurgen . ( 2022;), ‘ Reflections and hypotheses on a further structural transformation of the political public sphere. ’, Theory, Culture & Society, 39:4, pp. 145–71, https://doi.org/10.1177/02632764221112341.
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  22. Helberger, Natalie . ( 2021), ‘ On the democratic role of news recommenders’. , in N. Thurman ,, S. C. Lewis , and J. Kunert . (eds), Algorithms, Automation and News: New Directions in the Study of Computation and News, London:: Routledge;, pp. 993–1012.
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  23. Helberger, Natalie ,, Karppinen, Kari , and D'Acunto, Lucia . ( 2018;), ‘ Exposure diversity as a design principle for recommender systems. ’, Information, Communication & Society, 21:2, pp. 191–207, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1271900.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Helberger, Natalie ,, Moeller, Judith , and Vrijenhoek, Sanne . ( 2020), Diversity by Design – Diversity of Content in the Digital Age, Canada: Canadian Department of Canadian Heritage and the Canadian Commission for UNESCO. https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/diversity-content-digital-age/diversity-design.html. Accesssed 18 February 2022.
  25. Hoskins, Andrew , and Tulloch, John . ( 2016), Risk and Hyperconnectivity: Media and Memories of Neoliberalism, Oxford and New York:: Oxford University Press;.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Humphreys, Peter . ( 2015), ‘Transferable media pluralism policies from Europe’,. in S. Barnett , and J. Townend . (eds), Media Pluralism and Plurality: From Hyperlocal to High-Level Policy, London:: Palgrave MacMillan;, pp. 151–69.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Iosifidis, Petros , and Nicoli, Nicholas . ( 2021), Digital Democracy, Social Media and Disinformation, New York:: Routledge;.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Kearns, Michael , and Roth, Aaron . ( 2020), The Ethical Algorithm: The Science of Socially Aware Algorithm Design, New York:: Oxford University Press;.219
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Kelly, Jemima . ( 2021), ‘Twitter's new team should institute a “challenger mode”’, Australian Financial Review, 10 December.
  30. Makhortykh, Mykola ,, de Vreese, Clais ,, Helberger, Natali ,, Harambam, Jaron , and Bountouridis, Dimitrios . ( 2021;), ‘ We are what we click: Understanding time and content-based habits of Online News Readers. ’, New Media & Society, 23:9, pp. 2773–800.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Mainzer Medieninstitut (2023), ‘Prof. Cornils on the European Media Freedom Act – statement in the CULT’, https://www-mainzer--medieninstitut-de.translate.goog/prof-cornils-zum-european-media-freedom-act-stellungnahme-im-cult/?_x_tr_sl=de&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc. Accessed 8 February 2023 .
  32. Mason, Max . (. 2020a), ‘News Corp print closures leave regional media on life support’, Australian Financial Review, 28 May, https://www.afr.com/companies/media-and-marketing/news-corp-print-closures-leave-regional-media-on-life-support-20200528-p54x7m. Accessed 30 January 2023 .
  33. Media Pluralism Project Dashboard . ( 2020), Computational tool available at https://media-pluralism.sydney.edu.au. Accessed 19 July 2023.
  34. Media Pluralism Project website (2019), ‘The role of a pluralistic media in Australia's democracy’, Media Pluralism Project, https://mediapluralism.org.au/2019/05/the-role-of-a-pluralistic-media-in-australias-democracy/. Accessed 30 January 2023 .
  35. Meese, James . ( 2021), ‘Why Google is now funnelling millions into media outlets, as Facebook pulls news for Australia’, The Conversation, 18 February, https://theconversation.com/why-google-is-now-funnelling-millions-into-media-outlets-as-facebook-pulls-news-for-australia-155468. Accessed 30 January 2023 .
  36. Napoli, Philip , and Caplan, Robyn . ( 2017;), ‘ Why media companies insist they're not media companies, why they're wrong, and why it matters. ’, First Monday, 22:5, https://journals.uic.edu/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/7051. Accessed 24 February 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Newman, Nic ,, Fletcher, Richard ,, Schulz, Anne ,, Andi, Simge , and Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis . ( 2020), Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, Oxford:: University of Oxford;, http:// www.digitalnewsreport.org/. Accessed 15 September, 2021.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis , and Ganter, Sarah Anne . ( 2022), The Power of Platforms: Shaping Media and Society, New York:: Oxford University Press;.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Ofcom . ( 2021), Statement: The Future of Media Plurality in the UK, 17 November, https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/228124/statement-future-of-media-plurality.pdf. Accessed 24 February 2023 .
  40. Ofcom . ( 2022a), ‘Media Plurality and Online News’, 16 November, https://www.ofcom.org.uk/research-and-data/multi-sector-research/media-plurality. Accessed 30 January 2023 .
  41. Ofcom . ( 2022b), ‘News Consumption and Media Plurality on Twitter in the UK’, 16 November, https://www.ofcom.org.uk/research-and-data/economics-discussion-papers/news-consumption-and-media-plurality-on-twitter. Accessed 30 January 2023 .220
  42. Park, Sora ,, Fisher, Caroline ,, McGuinness, Kieran ,, Lee, Jee Young , and McCallum, Kerry . ( 2021), Digital News Report: Australia 2021, 23 June, Canberra:: News & Media Research Centre, University of Canberra;, https://apo.org.au/node/312650. Accessed 30 January 2023 .
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  44. Reidl, Martin J. . ( 2022;), ‘ Negotiating sociomateriality and commensurability: Human and algorithmic editorial judgment at social media platforms. ’, Journalism Studies, 23:3, pp. 374–91.
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  45. Rowland MP ., The Hon Michelle ( 2023;), ‘ New ACMA powers to combat harmful online misinformation and disinformation. ’, Media Release, 20 January, https://minister.infrastructure.gov.au/rowland/media-release/new-acma-powers-combat-harmful-online-misinformation-and-disinformation. Accessed 30 January 2023 .
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  47. Schlosberg, Justin , and Freedman, Des . ( 2020;), ‘ Opening the gates: Plurality regulation and the public interest. ’, Journal of Digital Media and Policy, 11:2, pp. 115–32.
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  48. Sunstein, Cass R. . ( 2018), #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media, Princeton:: Princeton University Press;, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv8xnhtd.
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  49. Tambini, Damian . ( 2022;), ‘ The democratic fightback has begun: The Europena Commission's new European Media Freedom Act. ’, LSE, 16 September, https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2022/09/16/the-democratic-fightback-has-begun-the-european-commissions-new-european-media-freedom-act/. Accessed 30 January 2023 .
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     [Google Scholar]
  51. Thorson, Kjerstin . ( 2020;), ‘ Attracting the news: Algorithms, platforms, and reframing incidental exposure. ’, Journalism, 21:8, pp. 1067–82, https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920915352.
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