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Digital Zoning: From Hippodamus to Mixed Reality

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This publication contributes to the Ph.D. research project titled “Prototyping the Digital City | On the Integration of Extended Reality (XR) with the Design and Planning of the Built Environment.” The chapter focuses on the concept of digital zoning and its evolution from historical urban planning principles to the context of mixed reality, examining the theoretical underpinnings and conceptual implications of XR in the context of urban planning and design. The chapter explores how XR technologies can redefine and enhance the concept of zoning in urban planning, enabling more dynamic and adaptable urban environments. The chapter covers various dimensions of XR applications, including participatory design, surveillance, policy considerations, and the evolution of zoning. By examining these diverse aspects, the chapter aims to advance our understanding of how digital zoning can transform the way we envision, plan, and experience the built environment, ultimately contributing to more inclusive, sustainable, and user-centered urban spaces.

Keywords: Mixed Reality ; Participation ; Participatory Design ; Smart and Digital Cities ; Urban Planning ; Zoning

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Digital Zoning: From Hippodamus to Mixed Reality
Intellect , 94 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1386/9781835950326_8
/content/books/9781835950326.c06
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References

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  2. Airey, J. , J. Rohlf , and F. Brooks . “Towards Image Realism with Interactive Update Rates in Complex Virtual Building Enviro-ments.” ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 24 (1990): 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1145/91385.91416.
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  3. Albino, Vito , Umberto Berardi , and Rosa Dangelico . “Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives.” Journal of Urban Technology 22 (February 2015): 2015. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.942092.
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  4. Anastasiu, Irina . “Unpacking the Smart City through the Lens of the Right to the City: A Taxonomy as a Way Forward in Participatory City-Making.” In The Hackable City: Digital Media and Collaborative City-Making in the Network Society, edited by Michiel de Lange and Martijn de Waal , 239–60. Singapore: Springer, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2694-3_13.
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  7. Aspen, Jonny , Peter Hemmersam, Jørn Knutsen , and Einar Martinussen . “Challenges of the ‘Urban Digital’: Addressing Interdisciplinarity and Power in the Planning and Design of the Digital City.” Nordes Conference Series, June 2017. https://dl.designresearchsociety.org/nordes/nordes2017/researchpapers/3.120
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  15. Englebart, D. “A Conceptual Framework for the Augmentation of Man's Intellect.” I Contract AF 49(638)-1024 • SRI Project (Nummer 3578). Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 1963.
  16. Glasmeier, Amy , and Susan Christopherson . “Thinking about Smart Cities.” Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 8, no. 1 (2015): 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsu034.
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  19. Hemmersam, Peter , Einar Martinussen , Jonny Aspen , and Jørn Knutsen . “Challenges of the ‘Urban Digital’: Addressing Interdisciplinarity and Power in the Planning and Design of the Digital City” (2017). https://doi.org/10.21606/nordes.2017.003.
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  20. Höhl, W., and D. Broschart . “Augmented Reality in Architecture and Urban Planning.” gisScience, 1 (2015): 20–29.
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  21. Ishida, Toru , and Katherine Isbister . Digital Cities: Technologies, Experiences, and Future Perspectives, vol. 1765. Springer, NY, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46422-0.
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  22. Jong, Martin de , Simon Joss , Daan Schraven , Changjie Zhan , and Margot Weijnen . “Sustainable–Smart–Resilient–Low Carbon–Eco–Knowledge Cities; Making Sense of a Multitude of Concepts Promoting Sustainable Urbanization.” Journal of Cleaner Production, Special Issue: “Toward a Regenerative Sustainability Paradigm for the Built Environment: From Vision to Reality,” 109 (December 2015): 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.004.121
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  23. Kato, H. , K. Tachibana , M. Tanabe , T. Nakajima , and Y. Fukuda . “A City-Planning System Based on Augmented Reality with a Tangible Interface.” The Second IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 340 41, 2003 .
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  24. Landry, Charles . The Digitized City: Influence & Impact. Stroud: Comedia, 2016.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Landsnes, Erik . “Norkart: ‘Visualizations of Borderlines in AR.’” 2018. Accessed May 22 , 2023. https://www.norkart.no/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/BorderGO-Erik-Landsnes-Norkart.pdf.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. MacDonald, Nancy . “How Can We Build Smart Cities of the Future?” n.d. Accessed May 22 , 2023. https://www.stantec.com/en/ideas/topic/cities/how-can-we-build-smart-cities-of-the-future-start-now-by-bringing-the-best-ideas-to-bear.html.
  27. Martinussen, Einar S. “TRUST IS WORK.” Digital Urban Living (November 9, 2020). Accessed May 22 , 2023. https://medium.com/digital-urban-living/trust-is-work-3716059013e5.
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  28. Mora, L. , M. Deakin , and R. Bolici. “The First Two Decades of Smart-City Research: A Bibliometric Analysis.” Journal of Urban Technology no. 24 ( 2017): 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2017.1285123.
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  29. Picon, Antoine . Smart Cities: A Spatialised Intelligence. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Reaver, Kai. “Evaluating the Use of Mixed Reality (MR) in Urban Planning.” eCaade Conference Proceedings, 2019. 2020.
  31. Reaver, Kai . “After Imagery: Evaluating the Use of Mixed Reality (MR) in Urban Planning.” In Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the Cognitive Age—Proceedings of the 38th ECAADe Conference, vol. 1, edited by L. Werner and D. Koering, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, September 16–18, 2020, 187–96. CUMINCAD. Accessed October 12 , 2022. http://papers.cumincad.org/cgi-bin/works/paper/ecaade2020_009.
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  33. Sutherland, I. “The Ultimate Display.” Proceedings of the Congress of the International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP), 2, 506–508. New York City, 1965.
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  34. UN Habitat and Ericsson. “Mixed Reality for Public Participation in Urban and Public Space Design Towards a New Way of Crowdsourcing More Inclusive Smart Cities.” U.N. Habitat, Johannesburg, SA, 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Zeltzer, David . “Autonomy, Interaction, and Presence.” Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 1, no. 1 (1992): 127–32. https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1992.1.1.127.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Zuboff, Shoshana . The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. New York: PublicAffairs, 2019.122
     [Google Scholar]

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