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oa Carbon Footprints and Intercultural Exchange: Ethno as Sustainable Practice

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This chapter explores the relationship between the sustainability of Ethno and the climate emergency. I begin by presenting the concept of sustainable music practices. Sustainable music practices consider music-making from an ecological standpoint and reflect on how a change in one element of a practice, such as infrastructure or community, can impact the sustainability of the entire music culture. Ethno relies heavily on international travel to hold Gatherings that comprise participants from diverse cultural backgrounds. International travel was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in 2020. The limitation of international travel thus impacted the continued musical practice of Ethno and drew attention to the relationship between sustainable music practices and the climate emergency. I reflect on three different approaches Ethno could take to remain sustainable within a climate emergency: drawing on a local immigrant community; incorporating Indigenous musical cultures and holding online programmes. Following this I consider the role of intercultural understanding in relation to the climate emergency and how Ethno could play a role in supporting the objectives of the United Nations Sustainable Development goals. I conclude that international travel does impact carbon footprints, however, there is an argument for the importance and value of intercultural connections at this critical time in human history.

Keywords: climate emergency ; COVID-19 ; Indigenous musical cultures ; local immigrant communities ; online music programmes ; sustainability

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References

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References

  1. Allen, A. (2017). Sustainable futures for music cultures: An ecological perspective. Ethnomusicology Forum, 26(3), 400–405.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Allen, A. (2018). One ecology and many ecologies: The problem and opportunity of ecology for music and sound studies. MUSICultures, 45(1–2), 1–13.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bithell, C. (2018). Local musicking for a global cause. In S. Reily & C. Brucher (Eds.) The Routledge companion to study local musicking (pp. 373–383). Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Campfire Stories. (2022). Kolonien: A documentary series. Episode 2. YouTube. Accessed 26 January 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CFHnP_9T-w&list=LL&index=4&t=6s
  5. Carrington, D. (2019). Why the Guardian is changing the language it uses about the environment. The Guardian. Accessed 24 January 2022, from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/17/why-the-guardian-is-changing-the-language-it-uses-about-the-environment
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  6. Dirksen, R. (2018). Haiti, Singing for the land, sea and sky: Cultivating ecological metaphysics and environmental awareness through music. MUSICultures, 45(1–2), 112–135.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Ethno. (2021). Monitoring and evaluation matrix. Accessed 29 June 2021, from Google Document.
  8. Ethno World. (n.d.). Info. Accessed 2 November 2019, from https://www.ethno-world.org/info
  9. Folkestad, G. (2002). National identity and music. In R. Macdonald, D. Hargreaves & D. Miell (Eds.), Musical identities (pp. 151–162). Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Gibson, S.-J. (2021). Shifting from offline to online collaborative musicmaking, teaching and learning: Perceptions of Ethno artistic mentors. Music Education Research, 23(2), 151–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/14613808.2021.1904865131
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Gibson, S.-J. (2022). Sustainability report. York St John University.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Gibson, S.-J., & Higgins, L. (2021). The ethno hope sessions: Sustaining musical exchange during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Music, Health, and Wellbeing (Autumn).https://storage.googleapis.com/wzukusers/user-20563976/documents/53a7fcbb353441a9b67d09a4cfcf5bd4/Gibson%2C%20Higgins%20October2021.pdf
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  13. Gössling, S., & Humpe, A. (2020). The global scale, distribution and growth of aviation: Implications for climate change. Global Environmental Change, 65, 102194, ISSN 0959-3780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102194
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Grant, C. (2012a). Rethinking safeguarding: Objections and responses to protecting and promoting endangered musical heritage. Ethnomusicology Forum, 21(1), 31–51.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Grant, C. (2012b). Analogies and links between cultural and biological diversity. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 2(2), 153–163.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Grant, C. (2018). Academic flying, climate change and ethnomusicology: Personal reflections on a professional problem. Ethnomusicology Forum, 27(2), 123–135.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Grant, C. (2019). Climate justice and cultural sustainability: The case of Etëtung (Vanautu women's water music). The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 20(1), 42–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2018.1529194
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Grant, C. (2022). Music sustainability, human rights, and future justice. In P. G. Kirchschlaeger, M. Nowak, J. Fifer, A. Allegrini, A. Impey, & G. Ulrich (Eds.), Music and human rights. Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Harrison, K. (2020). Indigenous music sustainability during climate change. Current Opinion on Environmental Sustainability, 43, 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2020.01.003
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Hess, J. (2021). Musicking a different possible future: The role of music in imagination. Music Education Research, 23(2), 270–285. https://doi.org/10.1080/14613808.2021.1893679
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Impey, A. (2018). Song walking: Women, music, and environmental justice in an African borderland. University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. JM International. (2020). Ethno: About. Accessed 17 January 2022, from www.ethno.world/about
  23. Kymlicka, W. (1995). Multicultural citizenship: A liberal theory of minority rights. Clarendon Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Manzanedo, R., & Manning, P. (2020). COVID-19: Lessons for the climate change emergency. Science of the Total Environment, 742(140563), 1–4.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Mubazaar (2022) Ethno mobility grant. Accessed 31 January 2022, from http://www.mubazar.com/en/opportunity/ethno-mobility-2022
  26. O'Garra, T., & Fouquet, R. (2022). Willingness to reduce travel consumption to support a low-carbon transition beyond COVID-19. Ecological Economics, 193(107927), 1–17.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Pedelty, M. (2012). Ecomusicology: Rock, folk, and the environment. Temple University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Przybylski, L. (2021). Hyrbid ethnography: On-line, off-line and in between. SAGE Publications.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Ramnarine, T. (2013). ‘In our Foremother's Arms’: Goddesses, feminisms, and the politics of emotion in Sámi songs. In F. Magowan & W. Lousie (Eds.), Performing gender, place and emotion in music: Global perspectives (pp. 162–184). Boydell and Brewer.132
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Reily, S. A., & Brucher, K. (2018). Introduction. In S. A Reily & K. Brucher (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Study Local Musicking (pp. 1–12). Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Schippers, H. (2015). Applied ethnomusicology and intangible cultural heritage: Understanding ‘ecosystems of music’ as a tool for sustainability. In S. Pettan & J. T. Titon (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of applied ethnomusicology (pp. 134–155). Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Schippers, H. (2016). Sound futures. In Schippers & Grant (Eds.), Sustainable futures for music cultures: An ecological perspective (pp. 1–18). Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Schippers, H. & Grant, C. (2016). Approaching music cultures as ecosystems. In Schippers & Grant (Eds.), Sustainable futures for music cultures: An ecological perspective (pp. 333–352). Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Tarrant, M., & Lyons, K. (2012). The Effect of short-term educational travel programs on environmental citizenship. Environmental Education Research, 18(3), 403–416.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Titon, J. (2009). Music and sustainability: An ecological standpoint. The World of Music, 51(1), 119–137. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41699866
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Titon, J. (2015). Sustainability, resilience and adaptive management for applied ethnomusicology. In S. Pettan & J. T. Titon (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of applied ethnomusicology (pp. 157–195). Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Titon, J. (2018). Ecomusicology and the problems in ecology. MUSICultures, 45(1–2), 255–264.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Tsing, A. (2005). Friction: An ethnography of global connection. Princeton University Press.
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  39. United Nations. (2015). 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Accessed 29 July 2021, from https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/development-agenda

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