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oa Sharing Songs, Shaping Community: Revitalizing Time-Honoured Pedagogies at Ethno USA

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Born of the European folk music revival during the second half of the 20 century, Ethno gatherings recreate intense experiences based on intercultural encounters and aural peer-to-peer learning in order to broaden the development of openminded musicians in their twenties from across the world. This chapter examines in some depth the pedagogy -arguably the most defining characteristic of Ethno- as witnessed at the first Ethno USA, using the Twelve Continuum Transmission Framework (Schippers, 2010). This provides a tool to create a nuanced perspective on aspects that are often glossed over in descriptions of music learning across cultures: issues of context; modes of transmission; dimensions of interaction; and approaches to cultural diversity. The final section of this chapter will test findings against the ten objectives that Ethno has set for itself, which include creating a democratic space for the creation and performance of music; providing equal opportunities to musicians of all genders; fostering intercultural dialogue and understanding; promoting non formal music education through peer-to-peer learning; facilitating the mobility of young musicians; building confidence and mutual respect in young people; promoting learning and teaching methodologies by ear, making music learning accessible to all; and preserving and promoting cultural heritage amongst youth.

Keywords: cultural diversity in music education ; Ethno ; intercultural meetings ; peer-to-peer learning ; world music ; World music pedagogy

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Sharing Songs, Shaping Community: Revitalizing Time-Honoured Pedagogies at Ethno USA
Intellect , 148 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1386/9781835950364_10
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References

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References

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     [Google Scholar]
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  3. Brown, R. (1995). World music: As it was in the beginning, in now, and really should be. In M. Lieth-Philipp & A. Gutzwiller (Eds.), Teaching musics of the world (pp. 7–18). Philipp Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Campbell, P. S. (1998). Culture bearers in the classroom: Scenarios from the Pacific Northwest. Lecture transcript.
  5. Campbell, P. S., Drummond, J., Dunbar-Hall, P., Howard, K., Schippers. H., & Wiggins, T. (Eds.) (2005). Cultural diversity in music education: Directions and challenges for the 21st century. Australian Academic Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Choate, R. A. (1968). Documentary report of the Tanglewood Symposium. Music Educators National Conference.179
  7. Creech, A., Varvarigou, M., Lorenzino, L., & Čorić, A. (2021). Pedagogy and professional development [Research report]. International Centre for Community Music.
  8. Ethno. (n.d.). Homepage. Accessed 5 February 2024, from https://ethno.world/
  9. Ethno USA (2022). Ethno USA [Record album]. Jeunesses Musicales International.
  10. Gibson, S.-J. (2020). Ethno on the road. International Centre for Community Music.
  11. Gibson, S.-J., Higgins, L., & Humphrey R. (with L. Ellström, H. Reis, & L. Roosioja). (2021). 30 Years of Ethno. International Centre for Community Music.
  12. Green, L. (2002). How popular musicians learn: A way ahead for music education. Ashgate Publishers.
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  13. Hood, K. M. (1960). The challenge of bi-musicality. Ethnomusicology 4, 55–59.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Hood, M. (1995). The birthpangs of bimusicality. In M. Lieth-Philipp & A. Gutzwiller (Eds.), Teaching musics of the world (pp. 56–60). Philipp Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Jeunesses Musicales International. (2021). Ethno USA: Global Music Gatherings [brochure].
  16. Jorgensen, E. (2003). Transforming music education. Indiana University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Kunst, J. ([1934] 1973). Music in Java: Its history, its theory, and its technique. In E. Heins (Ed.). Martinus Nijhoff.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Laww, J. (2021). Ethno USA 2021 [video]. Ethno World. https://ethno.world/ethno-media/ethno-usa-2021
  19. Mantie, R., & Risk, L. (2020). Framing Ethno-world: Intercultural music exchange, tradition and globalisation. International Centre for Community Music.
  20. Neuman, D. M. (1980). The life of music in north India (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Nzewi, M. (2003). Acquiring knowledge of the musical arts in traditional society. In A. Herbst, M. Nzewi, & K. Agawu (Eds.), Musical arts in Africa: Theory, practice and education (pp. 13–37). University of South Africa.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Rice, T. (1994). May it fill your soul. University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Rice, T. (2018). Bimusicality. In Laura Macy (Ed.), Grove music online. https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.46455
  24. Roosioja, L. (2018). An ethnographic exploration of the phenomenon behind the international success of Ethno [Master's thesis]. Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre.
  25. Sacks, O. (2007). Musicophilia: Tales of music and the brain. Knopf Canada.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Saether, E. (2003). The oral university: Attitudes to music teaching and learning in the Gambia. Studies in Music and Music Education, 6. Malmö Academy of Music, University of Lund.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Schippers, H. (2010). Facing the music: Shaping music education from a global perspective. Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Schippers, H. (2018). Community music: Contexts, dynamics and sustainability. In B. L. Bartleet & L. Higgins (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of community music (pp. 23–42). Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Schippers, H., & Bartleet, B. (2013). The nine domains of community music: Exploring the crossroads of formal and informal music education. International Journal of Music Education, 31(4), 454–471.180
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Solis, T. (Ed.) (2004). Performing ethnomusicology: Teaching and representation in world music ensembles. University of California Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Taylor, T. (2007). Beyond exotıcısm: Western musıc and the world. Duke Unıversıty Press.
  32. Trimillos, R. (1989). Halau, hochschule, maestro, and ryu: Cultural approaches to music learning and teaching. International Journal of Music Education, 14, 32–42.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Volk, Teresa, M. (1998). Music, education and multiculturalism: Foundations and principles. Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]

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