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Digging in the Takes: Using Archaeological Approaches to Study Popular Music History

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Popular Music history has been explored through an analysis of manuscripts, instruments, technologies and, more recently, through online and digital materials. In the case of recordings, analyses usually work backwards from the finished product in order to identify its ‘ingredients’ such as the instrumentation used, the way it was composed, arranged and performed. This can give us some useful information about the music but other elements are less obvious – the use of particular technologies and techniques used to create the recordings are sometimes ‘hidden’ or ‘integrated’ into the final recording and, so, researchers conducting a reverse-analysis only have a partial picture of the creative process. Researchers in other disciplines however, such as Archaeology, are finding new ways to explore historical events, practices and processes that can be applied in the study Popular Music and its production.

A particularly potent method is experimental archaeology that treats the recording as ‘archaeological data’ and is used as the starting point for developing a series of experiments that can help to answer questions about a recording's production process. By recreating some of the conditions of a recording session as closely as possible for example, an additional direction of analysis is available as the creative process can be examined forwards (Ingold, 2009). The following chapter explores some of the methods of experimental archaeology and introduces the ways in which archaeological methods can be used to further mine the history of popular music and its production and offer a fresh perspective and gain new insights into the historical context of recorded music.

Keywords: Archaeology ; Charanga ; Cuban Music ; Ethnoarchaeology ; Experimental Methods ; Recordings

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References

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  2. Bloch, Herbert (2013), ‘Satellite archaeology’, National Geographic, 1 February 2013, http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/02/125-explore/satellite-archaeology. Accessed 21 December 2022 .
  3. Borthwick, Stuart and Moy, Ron (2004), Popular Music Genres: An Introduction, London:Taylor and Francis.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Coles, John. M. (1979), Experimental Archaeology, London: Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. David, Nicholas and Kramer, Carole (2001), Ethnoarchaeology in Action, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. de-Miguel-Molina, Blanca , de-Miguel-Molina, María , Boix-Doménech, Rafael and SantamarinaCampos, Virginia (2021). Music as Intangible Cultural Heritage Economic, Cultural and Social Identity, London: Springer.
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  7. Dietler, Michael and Herbich, Ingrid (1998), ‘Habitus, techniques, style: An integrated approach to the social understanding of material culture and boundaries’, in M. Stark (ed.), The Archaeology of Social Boundaries, Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 23263.
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  8. Eargle, John (2008), The Microphone Book: From Mono to Stereo to Surround – A Guide to Microphone Design and Application, Oxford: Focal Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Guralnick, Peter (1994), Last Train to Memphis: The Rise of Elvis Presley, New York: LittleBrown.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Haines, John and Rosenfeld, Randall (2017), Music and Medieval Manuscripts: Paleography and Performance, London: Taylor and Francis.
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  11. Ingold, Tim (2010), ‘The textility of making’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34, pp. 91102.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Lambrick, George (2008), Air and Earth: Aerial Archaeology in Ireland, Dublin: The Heritage Council and An Chomhairle Oidhreachta.
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  13. Leppert, Richard and McClary, Susan (1989), Music and Society: The Politics of Composition, Performance and Reception, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Loughmiller-Cardinal, Jennifer and Cardinal, Scott J. (2020), ‘Use, purpose, and function letting the artifacts speak’, Heritage, 3:3, pp. 587605.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Journal on the Art of Record Production (2006–present), https://www.arpjournal.com/asarpwp/.
  16. Mathieu, James R. (2002), ‘Introduction’, in J. R. Mathieu (ed.), Experimental Archaeology: Replicating Past Objects, Behaviors, and Processes, Oxford: Archaeopress, pp. 111.
    [Google Scholar]
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    [Google Scholar]
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    [Google Scholar]
  19. Muggleton, David (2000), Inside Subculture: The Postmodern Meaning of Style, Oxford: Berg.
    [Google Scholar]
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    [Google Scholar]
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    [Google Scholar]
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    [Google Scholar]
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    [Google Scholar]
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    [Google Scholar]
  27. Sackett, James R. (1977), ‘The meaning of style in archaeology: A general model’, American Antiquity, 42:3, Essays on Archaeological Problems, pp. 36980.
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  28. Santa, Matthew (2017), Hearing Form: Musical Analysis with and without the Score, New York: Routledge.
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  30. Schiffer, Michael B. and Skibo, James M. (1987), ‘Theory and experiment in the study of technological change’, Current Anthropology, 28:5, pp. 595622.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Tagg, Phillip (1982), ‘Analysing popular music: Theory, method and practice’, Popular Music, 2, pp. 3767.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Thompson, Paul and Lashua, Brett (2014), ‘Getting it on record: Issues and strategies for ethnographic practice in recording studios’, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 43:6, pp. 74669.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Webb, James (1997), ‘Twelve microphones that changed history’, Mix Magazine, 21:10, October, pp. 4651.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Zagorski-Thomas, Simon and Frith, Simon (2012), The Art of Record Production: An Introductory Reader for a New Academic Field, Oxon: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
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    [Google Scholar]
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