Skip to content
1981

Confronting Climate Change in Popular Music Texts: Nostalgia, Apocalypse, Utopia

image of Confronting Climate Change in Popular Music Texts: Nostalgia, Apocalypse, Utopia
  • By Tore Størvold
  • Source: The Intellect Handbook of Popular Music Methodologies , pp 590-605
  • Publication Date: June 2025
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1386/9781835951033_37
  • Language: English
  • Accessibility Summary:  EPUB 3 and pdf file included; compatible with devices and software which can read these formats. Adjustable font size, spacing, contrast, text justification, number of columns (ePUB only). Alternative text for images. Tagged with a logical reading order to assist screen readers. Navigation between in-text citations and reference list, and endnotes and endnote markers.

This chapter provides an overview of ecocritical methods for probing the relationship between popular music and the environment in an age of ecological crisis. This involves an overview of existing ecomusicological scholarship on popular music and the status of textual approaches. I then set out my own position, arguing for a performative view of music as generative acts of imagination that produce scenarios and identities that help us project ourselves into the uncertain future. I exemplify my position in a case study of climate change in pop music recordings by the artists Aurora, ANOHNI, and Björk. The deceptively abstract quality of climate change makes it especially beholden to aesthetic framing and the powers of narrative. Different songs bring the issue into view in different ways, which will open and/or close certain modes of sensing and understanding, effecting the horizon of the possible.

Keywords: cultural imagination ; ecocriticism ; ecomusicology ; environmental humanities ; futurism ; pastoral

Loading full text...

Full text loading...

Confronting Climate Change in Popular Music Texts: Nostalgia, Apocalypse, Utopia
Intellect , 590 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1386/9781835951033_37
/content/books/9781835951033.c35
/content/books/9781835951033.c35
Loading

Data & Media loading...

References

  1. Allen, Aaron S. and Dawe, Kevin (eds) (2016), Current Directions in Ecomusicology: Music, Culture, Nature, New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Anohni (2015), ‘Four degrees out now!’, anohni.com, 29 November, https://anohni.com/4-degrees-out-now. Accessed 1 December 2022 .604
  3. Aubinet, Stephane (2023), Why Sámi Sing: Knowing Through Melodies in Northern Norway, New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Behr, Adam , Brennan, Matt , Cloonan, Martin , Frith, Simon and Webster, Emma (2016), ‘Live concert performance: An ecological approach’, Rock Music Studies, 3:1, pp. 5–23.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Brabec de Mori, Bernd and Seeger, Anthony (2013), ‘Introduction: Considering music, humans, and non-humans’, Ethnomusicology Forum, 22:3, pp. 269–86.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Buell, Lawrence , Heise, Ursula and Thornber, Karen (2011), ‘Environmental literature’, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 36, pp. 417–40.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Clarke, Eric F. (2005), Ways of Listening: An Ecological Approach to the Perception of Musical Meaning, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Connell, John and Gibson, Chris (2009). ‘Ambient Australia: Music, mediation, and tourist places’, in O. Johansson and T. L. Bell (eds), Sound, Society, and the Geography of Popular Music, Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 67–88.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Daughtry, J. Martin (2020), ‘Did music cause the end of the world?’ Transposition Musique et Sciences Sociales (online), pp. 1–31, https://doi.org/10.4000/transposition.5192.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. DeNora, Tia (2000), Music in Everyday Life, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Devine, Kyle (2019), Decomposed: The Political Ecology of Music, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Devine, Kyle and Boudreault-Fournier, Alexandrine (eds) (2021), Audible Infrastructures: Music, Sound, Media, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Dibben, Nicola (2006), ‘Subjectivity and the construction of emotion in the music of Björk’, Music Analysis, 25:i–ii, pp. 171–97.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Epstein, Mikhail (2012), The Transformative Humanities: A Manifesto, New York: Bloomsbury.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Feld, Steven (1994), ‘From ethnomusicology to echo-muse-ecology: Reading R. Murray Schafer in the Papua New Guinea rainforest’, The Soundscape Newsletter, 8, pp. 4–6.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Feld, Steven (2015), ‘Acoustemology’, in D. Novak and M. Sakakeeny (eds), Keywords in Sound, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 12–23.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Fox, Emily (2019), ‘Sound & vision: Aurora on the influence of nature and native culture’, KEXP, 17 June, https://www.kexp.org/read/2019/6/17/sound-vision-aurora-influence-nature-and-native-culture/. Accessed 1 August 2022 .
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Galloway, Kate (2020), ‘The aurality of pipeline politics and listening for nacreous clouds: Voicing indigenous ecological knowledge in Tanya Tagaq's Animism and Retribution’, Popular Music, 39:1, pp. 121–44.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Garrard, Greg (2012), Ecocriticism, New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Garrard, Greg (2014), ‘Introduction’, in G. Garrard (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ecocriticism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–29.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Gautier, Ana María Ochoa (2016), ‘Acoustic multinaturalism, the value of nature, and the nature of music in ecomusicology’, Boundary 2, 43:1, pp. 43–74.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Grossberg, Lawrence (2010), Cultural Studies in the Future Tense, Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Guy, Nancy (2009), ‘Flowing down Taiwan's Tamsui river: Towards an ecomusicology of the environmental imagination’, Ethnomusicology, 53:2, pp. 218–48.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Hansen, Kai Arne (2020), ‘The earth is sick: Environmentalism and the politics of age and gender in children's musical culture’, IASPM Journal, 10:2, pp. 3–19.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Hawitt, Rowan Bayliss (2020), ‘“It's a part of me and I'm a part of it”: Ecological thinking in contemporary Scottish folk music’, Ethnomusicology Forum, 29:3, pp. 333–55.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Hawkins, Stan (2016), Queerness in Pop Music: Aesthetics, Gender Norms, and Temporality, Abingdon: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Helmreich, Stefan (2016), Sounding the Limits of Life: Essays in the Anthropology of Biology and Beyond, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Hilder, Thomas (2014), Sámi Musical Performance and the Politics of Indigeneity in Northern Europe, Lanham, MD, Boulder, CO, New York and London: Rowman & Little.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Ingram David (2004), Green Screen: Environmentalism and Hollywood Cinema, Exeter: University of Exeter Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Ingram, David (2010), The Jukebox in the Garden: Ecocriticism and American Popular Music Since 1960, New York: Editions Rodopi B.V.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Jameson, Fredric (2005), Archaeologies of the Future: The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions, New York: Verso.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Kanngieser, Anja (2015), ‘Geopolitics and the anthropocene: Five propositions for sound’, GeoHumanities, 1:1, pp. 80–85.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Keogh, Brent and Collinson, Ian (2016), ‘“A place for everything, and everything in its place”: The (ab)uses of music ecology’, MUSICultures, 43:1, pp. 1–15.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Kramer, Lawrence (2001), ‘The mysteries of animation: History, analysis and musical subjectivity’, Music Analysis, 20:ii, pp. 153–78.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Kun, Josh (2005), Audiotopia: Music, Race and America, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Latour, Bruno (2017), Facing Gaia: Eight Lectures on the New Climatic Regime, Cambridge: Polity Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Lucas, Olivia R. (2019), ‘“Shrieking soldiers … wiping clean the earth”: Hearing apocalyptic environmentalism in the music of botanist’, Popular Music, 38:3, pp. 481–97.605
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Malm, Andreas (2018), The Progress of this Storm: Nature and Society in a Warming World, London: Verso Books.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Meizel, Katherine (2020), ‘Rock voice’, in A. Moore and P. Carr (eds), The Bloomsbury Handbook of Rock Music Research, London: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 61–78.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Moore, Jason (2015), Capitalism in the Web of Life: Ecology and the Accumulation of Capital, London: Verso Books.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Morton, Timothy (2013), ‘Poisoned ground: Art and philosophy in the time of hyperobjects’, Symplokē 21:1&2, pp. 37–50.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Oliveros, Pauline (2005), Deep Listening: A Composer's Sound Practice, New York: iUniverse.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. O'Toole, Garson (2011), ‘When the last tree is cut down …’, Quote Investigator, 20 October, https://quoteinvestigator.com/2011/10/20/last-tree-cut/. Accessed 1 August 2022 .
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Pareles, Jon (2016), ‘Anohni: Embracing a new name, and sound’, New York Times, 21 April, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/24/arts/music/anohni-embracing-a-new-name-and-sound.html?_r=0. Accessed 1 August 2022 .
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Pedelty, Mark (2012), Ecomusicology: Rock, Folk, and the Environment, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Pedelty, Mark (2016), A Song to Save the Salish Sea: Musical Performance as Environmental Activism, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Ramnarine, Tina K. (2009), ‘Acoustemology, indigeneity, and Joik in Valkeapää's symphonic activism: Views from Europe's arctic fringes for environmental ethnomusicology’, Ethnomusicology, 53:2, pp. 187–217.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Ramnarine, Tina K. (2016), ‘Frozen through nordic frames’, Puls: Musik- Och Dansetnologisk Tidskrift, 1, pp. 13–31.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Ramnarine, Tina K. (2017), ‘Aspirations, global futures, and lessons from Sámi popular music for the twenty-first century’, in F. Holt and A. Kärjä (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Popular Music in the Nordic Countries, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 181–84.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Rehding, Alexander (2011), ‘Ecomusicology between apocalypse and nostalgia’, Journal of the American Musicological Society, 64:2, pp. 409–14.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Richardson, John (2016), ‘Ecological close reading of music in digital culture’, in B. Abels (ed.), Embracing Restlessness: Cultural Musicology, Zürich: Georg Olms Verlag, pp. 111–42.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Robertson, Morgan M. (2006), ‘The nature that capital can see: Science, state, and market in the commodification of ecosystem services’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 24:3, pp. 367–87.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Samuels, David W. , Meintjes, Louise , Ochoa, Ana María and Porcello, Thomas (2010), ‘Soundscapes: Toward a sounded anthropology’, Annual Review of Anthropology, 39, pp. 329–45.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Schafer, R. Murray (1977), The Soundscape: Our Sonic Environment and the Tuning of the World, New York: Knopf.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Silvers, Michael (2020), ‘Attending to the nightingale: On a multispecies ethnomusicology’, Ethnomusicology, 64:2, pp. 199–224.
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Steingo, Gavin (2021), ‘Whale calling’, Ethnomusicology, 65:2, pp. 350–73.
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Titon, Jeff Todd (1984), Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples, New York: Schirmer Books.
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Titus, Olusegun Stephen (2021), ‘Music and poetry representations of oil exploration, honey bee (dis)placement and endangerment in the Niger delta of Nigeria’, Bee World, 99:2, pp. 61–65.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Yusoff, Kathryn and Gabrys, Jennifer (2011), ‘Climate change and the imagination’, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 2:4, pp. 516–34.
     [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Allen, Aaron S. and Dawe, Kevin (eds) (2016), Current Directions in Ecomusicology: Music, Culture, Nature, New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Anohni (2015), ‘Four degrees out now!’, anohni.com, 29 November, https://anohni.com/4-degrees-out-now. Accessed 1 December 2022 .604
  3. Aubinet, Stephane (2023), Why Sámi Sing: Knowing Through Melodies in Northern Norway, New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Behr, Adam , Brennan, Matt , Cloonan, Martin , Frith, Simon and Webster, Emma (2016), ‘Live concert performance: An ecological approach’, Rock Music Studies, 3:1, pp. 5–23.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Brabec de Mori, Bernd and Seeger, Anthony (2013), ‘Introduction: Considering music, humans, and non-humans’, Ethnomusicology Forum, 22:3, pp. 269–86.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Buell, Lawrence , Heise, Ursula and Thornber, Karen (2011), ‘Environmental literature’, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 36, pp. 417–40.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Clarke, Eric F. (2005), Ways of Listening: An Ecological Approach to the Perception of Musical Meaning, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Connell, John and Gibson, Chris (2009). ‘Ambient Australia: Music, mediation, and tourist places’, in O. Johansson and T. L. Bell (eds), Sound, Society, and the Geography of Popular Music, Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 67–88.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Daughtry, J. Martin (2020), ‘Did music cause the end of the world?’ Transposition Musique et Sciences Sociales (online), pp. 1–31, https://doi.org/10.4000/transposition.5192.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. DeNora, Tia (2000), Music in Everyday Life, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Devine, Kyle (2019), Decomposed: The Political Ecology of Music, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Devine, Kyle and Boudreault-Fournier, Alexandrine (eds) (2021), Audible Infrastructures: Music, Sound, Media, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Dibben, Nicola (2006), ‘Subjectivity and the construction of emotion in the music of Björk’, Music Analysis, 25:i–ii, pp. 171–97.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Epstein, Mikhail (2012), The Transformative Humanities: A Manifesto, New York: Bloomsbury.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Feld, Steven (1994), ‘From ethnomusicology to echo-muse-ecology: Reading R. Murray Schafer in the Papua New Guinea rainforest’, The Soundscape Newsletter, 8, pp. 4–6.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Feld, Steven (2015), ‘Acoustemology’, in D. Novak and M. Sakakeeny (eds), Keywords in Sound, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 12–23.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Fox, Emily (2019), ‘Sound & vision: Aurora on the influence of nature and native culture’, KEXP, 17 June, https://www.kexp.org/read/2019/6/17/sound-vision-aurora-influence-nature-and-native-culture/. Accessed 1 August 2022 .
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Galloway, Kate (2020), ‘The aurality of pipeline politics and listening for nacreous clouds: Voicing indigenous ecological knowledge in Tanya Tagaq's Animism and Retribution’, Popular Music, 39:1, pp. 121–44.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Garrard, Greg (2012), Ecocriticism, New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Garrard, Greg (2014), ‘Introduction’, in G. Garrard (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ecocriticism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–29.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Gautier, Ana María Ochoa (2016), ‘Acoustic multinaturalism, the value of nature, and the nature of music in ecomusicology’, Boundary 2, 43:1, pp. 43–74.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Grossberg, Lawrence (2010), Cultural Studies in the Future Tense, Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Guy, Nancy (2009), ‘Flowing down Taiwan's Tamsui river: Towards an ecomusicology of the environmental imagination’, Ethnomusicology, 53:2, pp. 218–48.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Hansen, Kai Arne (2020), ‘The earth is sick: Environmentalism and the politics of age and gender in children's musical culture’, IASPM Journal, 10:2, pp. 3–19.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Hawitt, Rowan Bayliss (2020), ‘“It's a part of me and I'm a part of it”: Ecological thinking in contemporary Scottish folk music’, Ethnomusicology Forum, 29:3, pp. 333–55.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Hawkins, Stan (2016), Queerness in Pop Music: Aesthetics, Gender Norms, and Temporality, Abingdon: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Helmreich, Stefan (2016), Sounding the Limits of Life: Essays in the Anthropology of Biology and Beyond, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Hilder, Thomas (2014), Sámi Musical Performance and the Politics of Indigeneity in Northern Europe, Lanham, MD, Boulder, CO, New York and London: Rowman & Little.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Ingram David (2004), Green Screen: Environmentalism and Hollywood Cinema, Exeter: University of Exeter Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Ingram, David (2010), The Jukebox in the Garden: Ecocriticism and American Popular Music Since 1960, New York: Editions Rodopi B.V.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Jameson, Fredric (2005), Archaeologies of the Future: The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions, New York: Verso.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Kanngieser, Anja (2015), ‘Geopolitics and the anthropocene: Five propositions for sound’, GeoHumanities, 1:1, pp. 80–85.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Keogh, Brent and Collinson, Ian (2016), ‘“A place for everything, and everything in its place”: The (ab)uses of music ecology’, MUSICultures, 43:1, pp. 1–15.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Kramer, Lawrence (2001), ‘The mysteries of animation: History, analysis and musical subjectivity’, Music Analysis, 20:ii, pp. 153–78.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Kun, Josh (2005), Audiotopia: Music, Race and America, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Latour, Bruno (2017), Facing Gaia: Eight Lectures on the New Climatic Regime, Cambridge: Polity Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Lucas, Olivia R. (2019), ‘“Shrieking soldiers … wiping clean the earth”: Hearing apocalyptic environmentalism in the music of botanist’, Popular Music, 38:3, pp. 481–97.605
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Malm, Andreas (2018), The Progress of this Storm: Nature and Society in a Warming World, London: Verso Books.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Meizel, Katherine (2020), ‘Rock voice’, in A. Moore and P. Carr (eds), The Bloomsbury Handbook of Rock Music Research, London: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 61–78.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Moore, Jason (2015), Capitalism in the Web of Life: Ecology and the Accumulation of Capital, London: Verso Books.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Morton, Timothy (2013), ‘Poisoned ground: Art and philosophy in the time of hyperobjects’, Symplokē 21:1&2, pp. 37–50.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Oliveros, Pauline (2005), Deep Listening: A Composer's Sound Practice, New York: iUniverse.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. O'Toole, Garson (2011), ‘When the last tree is cut down …’, Quote Investigator, 20 October, https://quoteinvestigator.com/2011/10/20/last-tree-cut/. Accessed 1 August 2022 .
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Pareles, Jon (2016), ‘Anohni: Embracing a new name, and sound’, New York Times, 21 April, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/24/arts/music/anohni-embracing-a-new-name-and-sound.html?_r=0. Accessed 1 August 2022 .
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Pedelty, Mark (2012), Ecomusicology: Rock, Folk, and the Environment, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Pedelty, Mark (2016), A Song to Save the Salish Sea: Musical Performance as Environmental Activism, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Ramnarine, Tina K. (2009), ‘Acoustemology, indigeneity, and Joik in Valkeapää's symphonic activism: Views from Europe's arctic fringes for environmental ethnomusicology’, Ethnomusicology, 53:2, pp. 187–217.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Ramnarine, Tina K. (2016), ‘Frozen through nordic frames’, Puls: Musik- Och Dansetnologisk Tidskrift, 1, pp. 13–31.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Ramnarine, Tina K. (2017), ‘Aspirations, global futures, and lessons from Sámi popular music for the twenty-first century’, in F. Holt and A. Kärjä (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Popular Music in the Nordic Countries, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 181–84.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Rehding, Alexander (2011), ‘Ecomusicology between apocalypse and nostalgia’, Journal of the American Musicological Society, 64:2, pp. 409–14.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Richardson, John (2016), ‘Ecological close reading of music in digital culture’, in B. Abels (ed.), Embracing Restlessness: Cultural Musicology, Zürich: Georg Olms Verlag, pp. 111–42.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Robertson, Morgan M. (2006), ‘The nature that capital can see: Science, state, and market in the commodification of ecosystem services’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 24:3, pp. 367–87.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Samuels, David W. , Meintjes, Louise , Ochoa, Ana María and Porcello, Thomas (2010), ‘Soundscapes: Toward a sounded anthropology’, Annual Review of Anthropology, 39, pp. 329–45.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Schafer, R. Murray (1977), The Soundscape: Our Sonic Environment and the Tuning of the World, New York: Knopf.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Silvers, Michael (2020), ‘Attending to the nightingale: On a multispecies ethnomusicology’, Ethnomusicology, 64:2, pp. 199–224.
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Steingo, Gavin (2021), ‘Whale calling’, Ethnomusicology, 65:2, pp. 350–73.
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Titon, Jeff Todd (1984), Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples, New York: Schirmer Books.
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Titus, Olusegun Stephen (2021), ‘Music and poetry representations of oil exploration, honey bee (dis)placement and endangerment in the Niger delta of Nigeria’, Bee World, 99:2, pp. 61–65.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Yusoff, Kathryn and Gabrys, Jennifer (2011), ‘Climate change and the imagination’, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 2:4, pp. 516–34.
     [Google Scholar]

  • From This Site

    /content/books/9781835951033.c35
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
/content/books/9781835951033.c35
dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
-contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
10
5
Chapter
content/books/9781835951033
Book
false
en
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test