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We aren’t all cis straight white men: Expanding depictions of autism

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Resting Bitch Face,

Keywords: autism spectrum disorder ; neurodivergence ; representations of autism ; South African television

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References

  1. Adam Hills (2021), (Season 11, Episode 16) [TV series episode], in L. Cooper (executive producer), One Plus One, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kC9v4ip7VvM. Accessed 2 August 2024.
  2. American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.
  3. Armstrong, T. (2015), ‘The myth of the normal brain: Embracing neurodiversity’, Journal of Ethics, April, https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/myth-normal-brain-embracing-neurodiversity/2015-04. Accessed 14 July 2021.
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  5. Belcher, C. and Maich, K. (2014), ‘Autism spectrum disorder in popular media: Storied reflections of societal views’, Brock Education, 23:2, pp. 97115, https://journals.library.brocku.ca/brocked/index.php/home/article/view/311. Accessed 10 April 2023.
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  6. Bennett, M., Webster, A. A., Goodall, E. and Rowland, S. (2018), ‘Understanding the “true” potential of autistic people: Debunking the savant syndrome myth’, in Life on the Autism Spectrum, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 10324.
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  7. Billington, T., McNally, B. and McNally, C. (2000), ‘Autism: Working with parents, and discourses in experience, expertise and learning’, Educational Psychology in Practice, 16:1, pp. 5968, https://doi.org/10.1080/026673600115292.
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  8. Cordero, R. (2023), ‘Lauren Ridloff, Marlee Matlin & Ramy Youssef join Inevitable Foundation’s call to prioritize hiring of disabled writers’, Deadline, 23 March, https://deadline.com/2023/03/inevitable-foundations-open-call-prioritize-hiring-disabled-writers-1235308628. Accessed 10 April 2023.
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  9. Darnell, S. (2023), ‘Hey Hollywood: Hire disabled writers, not just a disability consultant: Breaking down barriers keeping mid-career disabled screenwriters from reaching their full commercial and creative potential’, Inevitable Foundation, 23 March, https://www.inevitable.foundation/hdw-press/letter-to-hollywood. Accessed 5 April 2023.
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  10. Disability and the Media | United Nations Enable (n.d.), ‘The United Nations’, https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/resources/disability-and-the-media.html. Accessed 13 February 2023.
  11. Dos Santos, H. (2022), Email to Karen Jeynes, 14 April.
  12. Draaisma, D. (2009), ‘Stereotypes of autism’, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 364:1522, pp. 147580, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0324.
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  13. Garrick, L. (2022), ‘My autistic resting bitch face is NONE of your business’, Scary Symptoms, 20 August, https://scarysymptoms.com/2022/08/my-autistic-resting-bitch-face-is-none-of-your-business. Accessed 5 April 2023.
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  14. GLAAD (2019), ‘Where we are on TV’, https://www.glaad.org/whereweareontv19. Accessed 14 July 2021.
  15. Gross, T. (2020), ‘Autism spectrum diagnosis helped comic Hannah Gadsby “be kinder” to herself’, NPR, https://www.npr.org/2020/05/26/862081893/autism-spectrum-diagnosis-helped-comic-hannah-gadsby-be-kinder-to-herself. Accessed 14 July 2021.
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  16. Guler, J., de Vries, P. J., Seris, N., Shabalala, N. and Franz, L. (2018), ‘The importance of context in early autism intervention: A qualitative South African study’, Autism, 22:8, pp. 100517, https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361317716604.
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  17. Haring, B. (2020), ‘Sia goes to war with the autism community over her new film “music”’, Deadline, November, https://deadline.com/2020/11/sia-music-trailer-autism-community-controversy-1234619985. Accessed 14 July 2021.
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  18. Hanson, H. (writer-director) (2005), Bones, USA: Far Field Productions.
  19. Harmon, D. (writer-director) (2009), Community, USA: Krasnoff Foster Productions.
  20. Hutcheon, L. and O’Flynn, S. (2013), A Theory of Adaptation, New York: Routledge.
  21. Kapp, S. K., Gillespie-Lynch, K., Sherman, L. E. and Hutman, T. (2013), ‘Deficit, difference, or both? Autism and neurodiversity’, Developmental Psychology, 49:1, pp. 5971, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028353.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Katims, J. (2022), ‘As We See It creator Jason Katims: Why my son hates my TV shows (guest column)’, The Hollywood Reporter, 21 January, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-features/as-we-see-it-jason-katims-guest-column-1235078461. Accessed 11 July 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Katims, J. (writer-director) (2022–23), As We See It, USA: Amazon Studios.
  24. Lockwood Estrin, G., Milner, V., Spain, D., Happe, F. and Colvert, E. (2021), ‘Barriers to autism spectrum disorder diagnosis for young women and girls: A systematic review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 8, pp. 45470, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-020-00225-8.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Lorre, C. and Prady, B. (executive producers) (2007), The Big Bang Theory, Chuck Lorre Productions (USA).
  26. Lyons, M. (2011), ‘Community’s Dan Harmon discovered he had Asperger’s while writing Abed’s character’, Vulture, 23 September, https://www.vulture.com/2011/09/community-dan-harmon-wired-aspergers-abed.html. Accessed 11 July 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. McDonald, T. A. M. (2020), ‘Autism identity and the “lost generation”: Structural validation of the Autism Spectrum identity Scale and comparison of diagnosed and self-diagnosed adults on the autism spectrum’, Autism in Adulthood, 2:1, pp. 13–23, http://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2019.0069.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Miranda, L.-M. (2016), ‘Hamilton: An American Musical’, in J. McCarter (ed.), Hamilton: The Revolution, New York: Grand Central Publishing, p. 50.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Murray, D. M. (1991), ‘All writing is autobiography’, College Composition and Communication, 42:1, pp. 6674, https://doi.org/10.2307/357540.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Katims, J. (writer-director) (2010), Parenthood, USA: True Jack Productions.
  31. Peterson, W. (1966), ‘Success story, Japanese-American style’, The New Yorker Magazine, 9 January.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Prochnow, A. (2014), ‘An analysis of autism through media representation’, ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 71:2, pp. 13349.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Raaiselkind (2018), Lizé Vosloo, Pieter Esterhuizen, Annelie Botes (writers), Andre Velts (director), South Africa: KykNET.
  34. Rhimes, S. (writer-director) (2005present), Grey’s Anatomy, USA: Shondaland, ABC Studios.
  35. Sabato, G. (2019), ‘What’s so funny? The science of why we laugh’, Scientific American, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/whats-so-funny-the-science-of-why-we-laugh. Accessed 10 November 2020.
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  36. Sarrett J. C. (2011), ‘Trapped children: Popular images of children with autism in the 1960s and 2000s’, The Journal of Medical Humanities, 32:2, pp. 14153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-010-9135-z.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Sia (director) (2021), Sia Music, Lizé Vosloo, Pieter EsterhuizenAnnelie Botes (writers). Landay Entertainment.
  38. Warrier, V., Greenberg, D.M., Weir, E., Buckingham, C., Smith, P., Lai, M-C., Allison, C. and Baron-Cohen, S. (2020), ‘Elevated rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses, and autistic traits in transgender and gender-diverse individuals’, National Communication, 11, p. 3959, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17794-1.
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  39. Young, S. (2014), ‘Inspiration porn and the objectification of disability: Stella Young at TEDxSydney 2014’, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SxrS7-I_sMQ. Accessed 11 July 2023.
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References

  1. Adam Hills (2021), (Season 11, Episode 16) [TV series episode], in L. Cooper (executive producer), One Plus One, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kC9v4ip7VvM. Accessed 2 August 2024.
  2. American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.
  3. Armstrong, T. (2015), ‘The myth of the normal brain: Embracing neurodiversity’, Journal of Ethics, April, https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/myth-normal-brain-embracing-neurodiversity/2015-04. Accessed 14 July 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Autism Talk Club (2021), ‘Does Sheldon Big Bang Theory Have Autism?’, Autism Talk Club, https://www.autismtalkclub.com/does-sheldon-big-bang-theory-have-autism. Accessed 2 August 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Belcher, C. and Maich, K. (2014), ‘Autism spectrum disorder in popular media: Storied reflections of societal views’, Brock Education, 23:2, pp. 97115, https://journals.library.brocku.ca/brocked/index.php/home/article/view/311. Accessed 10 April 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bennett, M., Webster, A. A., Goodall, E. and Rowland, S. (2018), ‘Understanding the “true” potential of autistic people: Debunking the savant syndrome myth’, in Life on the Autism Spectrum, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 10324.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Billington, T., McNally, B. and McNally, C. (2000), ‘Autism: Working with parents, and discourses in experience, expertise and learning’, Educational Psychology in Practice, 16:1, pp. 5968, https://doi.org/10.1080/026673600115292.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cordero, R. (2023), ‘Lauren Ridloff, Marlee Matlin & Ramy Youssef join Inevitable Foundation’s call to prioritize hiring of disabled writers’, Deadline, 23 March, https://deadline.com/2023/03/inevitable-foundations-open-call-prioritize-hiring-disabled-writers-1235308628. Accessed 10 April 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Darnell, S. (2023), ‘Hey Hollywood: Hire disabled writers, not just a disability consultant: Breaking down barriers keeping mid-career disabled screenwriters from reaching their full commercial and creative potential’, Inevitable Foundation, 23 March, https://www.inevitable.foundation/hdw-press/letter-to-hollywood. Accessed 5 April 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Disability and the Media | United Nations Enable (n.d.), ‘The United Nations’, https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/resources/disability-and-the-media.html. Accessed 13 February 2023.
  11. Dos Santos, H. (2022), Email to Karen Jeynes, 14 April.
  12. Draaisma, D. (2009), ‘Stereotypes of autism’, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 364:1522, pp. 147580, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0324.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Garrick, L. (2022), ‘My autistic resting bitch face is NONE of your business’, Scary Symptoms, 20 August, https://scarysymptoms.com/2022/08/my-autistic-resting-bitch-face-is-none-of-your-business. Accessed 5 April 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. GLAAD (2019), ‘Where we are on TV’, https://www.glaad.org/whereweareontv19. Accessed 14 July 2021.
  15. Gross, T. (2020), ‘Autism spectrum diagnosis helped comic Hannah Gadsby “be kinder” to herself’, NPR, https://www.npr.org/2020/05/26/862081893/autism-spectrum-diagnosis-helped-comic-hannah-gadsby-be-kinder-to-herself. Accessed 14 July 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Guler, J., de Vries, P. J., Seris, N., Shabalala, N. and Franz, L. (2018), ‘The importance of context in early autism intervention: A qualitative South African study’, Autism, 22:8, pp. 100517, https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361317716604.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Haring, B. (2020), ‘Sia goes to war with the autism community over her new film “music”’, Deadline, November, https://deadline.com/2020/11/sia-music-trailer-autism-community-controversy-1234619985. Accessed 14 July 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hanson, H. (writer-director) (2005), Bones, USA: Far Field Productions.
  19. Harmon, D. (writer-director) (2009), Community, USA: Krasnoff Foster Productions.
  20. Hutcheon, L. and O’Flynn, S. (2013), A Theory of Adaptation, New York: Routledge.
  21. Kapp, S. K., Gillespie-Lynch, K., Sherman, L. E. and Hutman, T. (2013), ‘Deficit, difference, or both? Autism and neurodiversity’, Developmental Psychology, 49:1, pp. 5971, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028353.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Katims, J. (2022), ‘As We See It creator Jason Katims: Why my son hates my TV shows (guest column)’, The Hollywood Reporter, 21 January, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-features/as-we-see-it-jason-katims-guest-column-1235078461. Accessed 11 July 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Katims, J. (writer-director) (2022–23), As We See It, USA: Amazon Studios.
  24. Lockwood Estrin, G., Milner, V., Spain, D., Happe, F. and Colvert, E. (2021), ‘Barriers to autism spectrum disorder diagnosis for young women and girls: A systematic review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 8, pp. 45470, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-020-00225-8.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Lorre, C. and Prady, B. (executive producers) (2007), The Big Bang Theory, Chuck Lorre Productions (USA).
  26. Lyons, M. (2011), ‘Community’s Dan Harmon discovered he had Asperger’s while writing Abed’s character’, Vulture, 23 September, https://www.vulture.com/2011/09/community-dan-harmon-wired-aspergers-abed.html. Accessed 11 July 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. McDonald, T. A. M. (2020), ‘Autism identity and the “lost generation”: Structural validation of the Autism Spectrum identity Scale and comparison of diagnosed and self-diagnosed adults on the autism spectrum’, Autism in Adulthood, 2:1, pp. 13–23, http://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2019.0069.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Miranda, L.-M. (2016), ‘Hamilton: An American Musical’, in J. McCarter (ed.), Hamilton: The Revolution, New York: Grand Central Publishing, p. 50.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Murray, D. M. (1991), ‘All writing is autobiography’, College Composition and Communication, 42:1, pp. 6674, https://doi.org/10.2307/357540.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Katims, J. (writer-director) (2010), Parenthood, USA: True Jack Productions.
  31. Peterson, W. (1966), ‘Success story, Japanese-American style’, The New Yorker Magazine, 9 January.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Prochnow, A. (2014), ‘An analysis of autism through media representation’, ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 71:2, pp. 13349.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Raaiselkind (2018), Lizé Vosloo, Pieter Esterhuizen, Annelie Botes (writers), Andre Velts (director), South Africa: KykNET.
  34. Rhimes, S. (writer-director) (2005present), Grey’s Anatomy, USA: Shondaland, ABC Studios.
  35. Sabato, G. (2019), ‘What’s so funny? The science of why we laugh’, Scientific American, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/whats-so-funny-the-science-of-why-we-laugh. Accessed 10 November 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Sarrett J. C. (2011), ‘Trapped children: Popular images of children with autism in the 1960s and 2000s’, The Journal of Medical Humanities, 32:2, pp. 14153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-010-9135-z.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Sia (director) (2021), Sia Music, Lizé Vosloo, Pieter EsterhuizenAnnelie Botes (writers). Landay Entertainment.
  38. Warrier, V., Greenberg, D.M., Weir, E., Buckingham, C., Smith, P., Lai, M-C., Allison, C. and Baron-Cohen, S. (2020), ‘Elevated rates of autism, other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses, and autistic traits in transgender and gender-diverse individuals’, National Communication, 11, p. 3959, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17794-1.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Young, S. (2014), ‘Inspiration porn and the objectification of disability: Stella Young at TEDxSydney 2014’, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SxrS7-I_sMQ. Accessed 11 July 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
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