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Introduction: Unmade, Unseen, and Unreleased Film and Television – an Unresolved Problem

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The chapter introduces the edited collection . It provides a comprehensive examination of existing research into the study of unmade, unseen, and unreleased film and television and places it within wider conceptual and theoretical frameworks. It also outlines key methodological approaches taken to date in the study of unmade, unseen, and unreleased film and television, the challenges and opportunities facing researchers and archivists in this area of study, and the potential future directions for research. It then outlines the structure of the edited collection and the overall aims and objectives of each section.

Keywords: Archives ; Film history ; Television history ; Unmade film ; Unmade television ; Unproduction ; Unreleased film ; Unseen film

Hardback ISBN: 9781835952474
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References

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  9. Chaudhuri, Nupur, Katz, Sherry J. and Perry, Mary Elizabeth (eds) (2010), Contesting Archives: Finding Women in the Sources, Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
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  14. Fenwick, James (2020), Stanley Kubrick Produces, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
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  22. Foster, Kieran (2024), Hammer Goes to Hell: The Unmade Films of Hammer, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
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  25. Harle, Matthew (2018), The Afterlives of Abandoned Works: Creative Debris in the Archive, London: Bloomsbury.
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  27. Hesmondhalgh, David (2018), The Cultural Industries, 4th ed., London: Sage.
  28. Gledhill, Christine and Knight, Julia (eds) (2015), Doing Women’s Film History: Reframing Cinemas, Past and Future, Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
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  31. Krämer, Peter and Ulivieri, Filippo (2021), ‘Kubrick’s unrealized projects’, in N. Abrams and I. Q. Hunter (eds), The Bloomsbury Companion to Stanley Kubrick, London: Bloomsbury, pp. 327–35.
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  32. Kunze, Peter (2017a), ‘Herding Cats; Or, the possibilities of unproduction studies’, The Velvet Light Trap, 80:1, pp. 18–31.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Kunze, Peter (2017b), ‘Herding Cats; Or, the possibilities of unproduction studies’, in J. Fenwick, K. Foster and D. Eldridge (eds), Shadow Cinema: The Historical and Production Contexts of Unmade Films, London: Bloomsbury, pp. 129–51.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Lake, Kaitlin (2024), ‘Incomplete: The Feminist Possibilities of the Unfinished Film, by Alix Beeston and Stefan Solomon’, book review, Alphaville, 27, pp. 293–97.
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  35. Lee, Hye-Kyung (2022), ‘Rethinking creativity: Creative industries, AI and everyday creativity’, Media, Culture & Society, 44:3, pp. 601–12.
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  36. Leyda, Jay (1975), ‘Toward a new film history’, Cinema Journal, 14:2, p. 4041.
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  37. Lierow, Lars (2013), ‘“The Black man’s vision of the world”: Rediscovering Black arts filmmaking and the struggle for a Black cinematic aesthetic’, Black Camera, 4:2, pp. 3–21.
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  38. McAndrew, Siobhan, O’Brien, David, Taylor, Mark and Wang, Ruoxi (2024), Audiences and Workforces in Arts, Culture, and Heritage, Newcastle: Creative Industries Policy and Evidence Centre, Newcastle University, https://pec.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Arts-Culture-and-Heritage-Audiences-and-Workforce-Creative-PEC-State-of-the-Nation-report-May-2024.pdf. Accessed 8 May 2025.
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     [Google Scholar]
  40. McEntee, Joy (2024), ‘Unfashionable revenge in Stanley Kubrick’s Aryan Papers’, Journal of War and Culture Studies, 17:3, pp. 254–68.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. McGlothlin, Erin, Prager, Brad and Zisselsberger, Markus (eds) (2020), The Construction of Testimony: Claude Lanzmann’s Shoah and Its Outtakes, Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.
  42. Melia, Matthew (2021), ‘Ken Russell’s unfinished projects and unmade films, 1956–68: The BBC years’, in J. Fenwick, K. Foster and D. Eldridge (eds), Shadow Cinema: The Historical and Production Contexts of Unmade Films, London: Bloomsbury, pp. 91–108.
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  43. Moor, Andrew (2005), ‘Autobiography, the self and Pressburger-Powell’s The Golden Years project’, Screen, 46:1, pp. 15–31.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Murray, Simone (2008), ‘Phantom adaptations: Eucalyptus, the adaptation industry and the film that never was’, Adaptation, 1:1, pp. 5–23.
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  45. North, Dan (2008), ‘Introduction: Finishing the unfinished’, in D. North (ed.), Sights Unseen: Unfinished British Films, Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 1–17.
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  46. Schatz, Thomas (1988), The Genius of the System: Hollywood Filmmaking in the Studio Era, New York: Henry Holt and Co.
  47. Sieving, Christopher (2011), Soul Searching: Black-Themed Cinema from the March on Washington to the Rise of Blaxploitation, Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
  48. Spicer, Andrew (2010), ‘Creativity and commerce: Michael Klinger and new film history’, New Review of Film and Television Studies, 8:3, pp. 297–314.
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  49. Spicer, Andrew (2011), ‘The creative producer: The Michael Klinger papers’, conference paper, Lillehammer University College, 31 January, https://michaelklingerpapers.dmu.ac.uk/pub1.htm. Accessed 8 May 2025.
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  50. Strub, Whitney (2015), ‘The Baraka Film Archive: The lost, unmade, and unseen film work of LeRoi Jones/Amiri Baraka’, Black Camera, 7:1, pp. 273–87.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Toobin, Jeffrey ([1996] 2015), The Run of His Life: The People v. O. J. Simpson, New York: Random House.
  52. Ulivieri, Filippo (2017), ‘Waiting for a miracle: A survey of Stanley Kubrick’s unrealized projects’, Cinergie, 12, pp. 95–115.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Vice, Sue (2021), ‘Claude Lanzmann’s The Four Sisters (2017) on television’, View: Journal of European Television History & Culture, 10:20, pp. 1–16.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Vice, Sue (2023), Claude Lanzmann’s Shoah Outtakes, London: Bloomsbury.
  55. Vice, Sue (2024), ‘Stanley Kubrick’s quest for the heroic: Turning Wartime Lies into Aryan Papers’, Journal of War and Culture Studies, 17:3, pp. 328–45.
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Vice, Sue and Williams, Dominic (2021), ‘Non-sites of memory: Poland in Claude Lanzmann’s Shoah outtakes’, Alphaville, 21, pp. 35–54.
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Waldman, Harry (1991), Scenes Unseen: Unreleased and Uncompleted Films from the World’s Master Filmmakers, 1912–1990, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company.
  58. Wasko, Janet (2003), How Hollywood Works, London: Sage.
  59. Wassell, Nic (dir.) (2024), Vision, Dreams and Magic: The Unmade Films of Michael Powell [documentary], UK: British Film Institute.
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Widmann, Philip (2024), Film Undone: Elements of a Latent Cinema, Berlin: Archive Books.
  61. Williams, Dominic (2024), ‘Placing the location outtakes of Shoah’, Journal of War and Culture Studies, 17:3, pp. 310–27.
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Williams, Rebecca (2015), Post-Object Fandom: Television, Identity and Self-Narrative, London: Bloomsbury.
  63. Winterbottom, Michael (2021), Dark Matter: Independent Filmmaking in the 21st Century, London: British Film Institute.

References

  1. Arnold, Sarah and O’Brien, Anne (2020), ‘Doing women’s film and television history: Locating women in film and television, past and present’, Alphaville, 20, pp. 3–11, https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/id/eprint/17605. Accessed 8 May 2025.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Beeston, Alix and Solomon, Stefan (2023), ‘Pathways to the feminist incomplete: An introduction, a theory, a manifesto’, in A. Beeston and S. Solomon (eds), Incomplete: The Feminist Possibilities of the Unfinished Film, Oakland, CA: University of California Press, pp. 1–36.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Boorman, John (1985), Money into Light: The Emerald Forest – a Diary, London: Faber and Faber.
  4. Bordwell, David, Staiger, Janet and Thompson, Kristen (1987), The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Style and Mode of Production to 1960, London: Routledge.
  5. Broderick, Mick, Fenwick, James and McEntee, Joy (2020), ‘Missing links: Exploring traces of Kubrick’s unknown early work’, Senses of Cinema, 96, October, https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2020/feature-articles/missing-links-exploring-traces-of-kubricks-unknown-early-works. Accessed 5 August 2025.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Casenave, Jennifer (2019), An Archive of the Catastrophe: The Unused Footage of Claude Lanzmann’s Shoah, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
  7. Castle, Alison (2011), Stanley Kubrick’s Napoleon: The Greatest Film Never Made, Cologne: Taschen.
  8. Chapman, James, Glancy, Mark and Harper, Sue (2009), ‘Introduction’, in J. Chapman, M. Glancy and S. Harper (eds), The New Film History: Sources, Methods, Approaches, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1–10.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Chaudhuri, Nupur, Katz, Sherry J. and Perry, Mary Elizabeth (eds) (2010), Contesting Archives: Finding Women in the Sources, Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
  10. Christie, Ian (2000), ‘Introduction: Michael Powell’s late projects’, Film Studies, 2, pp. 77–78.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Cobb, Shelley (2014), ‘Women directors and lost projects: Writing the history of women’s unmade films’, Women’s Film and Television History Network, 21 March, https://womensfilmandtelevisionhistory.wordpress.com/2014/03/21/women-directors-and-lost-projects. Accessed 15 July 2024.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Elsaesser, Thomas (1986), ‘The “new” film history’, Sight and Sound, 55:4, pp. 246–51, https://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.422897. Accessed 15 July 2024.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Fenwick, James (2017), ‘Stanley Kubrick: Producers and production companies’, Ph.D. thesis, DeMontfort University, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/228192714.pdf. Accessed 15 July 2024.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Fenwick, James (2020), Stanley Kubrick Produces, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  15. Fenwick, James (2021), Unproduction Studies and the American Film Industry, London: Routledge.
  16. Fenwick, James (2022a), ‘John Boorman’s The Lord of the Rings: A case study of an unmade film’, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 42:2, pp. 261–85.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Fenwick, James (2022b), ‘Failure, unmade films, and Hollywood’, Flow: A Critical Forum on Media and Culture, 6 February, https://www.flowjournal.org/2022/02/failure-unmade-films-and-hollywood. Accessed 14 April 2023.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Fenwick, James and Foster, Kieran (2022), ‘Call for papers’, in Shadow Screens: Unmade, Unseen, Unreleased Film and Television, Sheffield Hallam University, https://call-for-papers.sas.upenn.edu/cfp/2022/01/20/shadow-screens-unmade-unseen-unreleased-film-and-television. Accessed 23 July 2025.
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  19. Fenwick, James, Foster, Kieran and Vice, Sue (2024), ‘Introduction: Unmade Holocaust film’, Journal of War & Culture Studies, 17:3, pp. 247–53.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Forrest, David and Vice, Sue (2017), Barry Hines: Kes, Threads, and Beyond, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  21. Foster, Kieran (2022), ‘Repurposing the archive: Unmade films, Vampirella and Adaptation’, Journal of British Cinema and Television, 19:4, pp. 518–35.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Foster, Kieran (2024), Hammer Goes to Hell: The Unmade Films of Hammer, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  23. Freeman, David (1988), The Last Days of Alfred Hitchcock, New York: Overlook Press.
  24. Hamad, Hannah (2020), ‘The movie producer, the feminists and the serial killer: UK feminist activism, misogynist 70s film culture and the (non)filming of the Yorkshire Ripper murders’, in J. Fenwick, K. Foster and D. Eldridge (eds), Shadow Cinema: The Historical and Production Contexts of Unmade Films, London: Bloomsbury, pp. 235–50.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Harle, Matthew (2018), The Afterlives of Abandoned Works: Creative Debris in the Archive, London: Bloomsbury.
  26. Hennefeld, Maggie and Horak, Laura (2024), ‘Editor’s introduction: Why we curate feminist film archives’, Feminist Media Histories, 10:2&3, pp. 1–9.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Hesmondhalgh, David (2018), The Cultural Industries, 4th ed., London: Sage.
  28. Gledhill, Christine and Knight, Julia (eds) (2015), Doing Women’s Film History: Reframing Cinemas, Past and Future, Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
  29. Krämer, Peter (2015), ‘Adaptation as exploration: Stanley Kubrick, literature, and AI Artificial Intelligence’, Adaptation, 8:3, pp. 372–82.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Krämer, Peter (2017), ‘Stanley Kubrick: Known and unknown’, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 37:3, pp. 373–95.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Krämer, Peter and Ulivieri, Filippo (2021), ‘Kubrick’s unrealized projects’, in N. Abrams and I. Q. Hunter (eds), The Bloomsbury Companion to Stanley Kubrick, London: Bloomsbury, pp. 327–35.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Kunze, Peter (2017a), ‘Herding Cats; Or, the possibilities of unproduction studies’, The Velvet Light Trap, 80:1, pp. 18–31.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Kunze, Peter (2017b), ‘Herding Cats; Or, the possibilities of unproduction studies’, in J. Fenwick, K. Foster and D. Eldridge (eds), Shadow Cinema: The Historical and Production Contexts of Unmade Films, London: Bloomsbury, pp. 129–51.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Lake, Kaitlin (2024), ‘Incomplete: The Feminist Possibilities of the Unfinished Film, by Alix Beeston and Stefan Solomon’, book review, Alphaville, 27, pp. 293–97.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Lee, Hye-Kyung (2022), ‘Rethinking creativity: Creative industries, AI and everyday creativity’, Media, Culture & Society, 44:3, pp. 601–12.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Leyda, Jay (1975), ‘Toward a new film history’, Cinema Journal, 14:2, p. 4041.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Lierow, Lars (2013), ‘“The Black man’s vision of the world”: Rediscovering Black arts filmmaking and the struggle for a Black cinematic aesthetic’, Black Camera, 4:2, pp. 3–21.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. McAndrew, Siobhan, O’Brien, David, Taylor, Mark and Wang, Ruoxi (2024), Audiences and Workforces in Arts, Culture, and Heritage, Newcastle: Creative Industries Policy and Evidence Centre, Newcastle University, https://pec.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Arts-Culture-and-Heritage-Audiences-and-Workforce-Creative-PEC-State-of-the-Nation-report-May-2024.pdf. Accessed 8 May 2025.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. McDonald, Caitlin Elizabeth (2024), ‘Examining the legacy of Nazism in Emeric Pressburger’s unmade films’, Journal of War and Culture Studies, 17:3, pp. 292–309.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. McEntee, Joy (2024), ‘Unfashionable revenge in Stanley Kubrick’s Aryan Papers’, Journal of War and Culture Studies, 17:3, pp. 254–68.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. McGlothlin, Erin, Prager, Brad and Zisselsberger, Markus (eds) (2020), The Construction of Testimony: Claude Lanzmann’s Shoah and Its Outtakes, Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.
  42. Melia, Matthew (2021), ‘Ken Russell’s unfinished projects and unmade films, 1956–68: The BBC years’, in J. Fenwick, K. Foster and D. Eldridge (eds), Shadow Cinema: The Historical and Production Contexts of Unmade Films, London: Bloomsbury, pp. 91–108.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Moor, Andrew (2005), ‘Autobiography, the self and Pressburger-Powell’s The Golden Years project’, Screen, 46:1, pp. 15–31.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Murray, Simone (2008), ‘Phantom adaptations: Eucalyptus, the adaptation industry and the film that never was’, Adaptation, 1:1, pp. 5–23.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. North, Dan (2008), ‘Introduction: Finishing the unfinished’, in D. North (ed.), Sights Unseen: Unfinished British Films, Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 1–17.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Schatz, Thomas (1988), The Genius of the System: Hollywood Filmmaking in the Studio Era, New York: Henry Holt and Co.
  47. Sieving, Christopher (2011), Soul Searching: Black-Themed Cinema from the March on Washington to the Rise of Blaxploitation, Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
  48. Spicer, Andrew (2010), ‘Creativity and commerce: Michael Klinger and new film history’, New Review of Film and Television Studies, 8:3, pp. 297–314.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Spicer, Andrew (2011), ‘The creative producer: The Michael Klinger papers’, conference paper, Lillehammer University College, 31 January, https://michaelklingerpapers.dmu.ac.uk/pub1.htm. Accessed 8 May 2025.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Strub, Whitney (2015), ‘The Baraka Film Archive: The lost, unmade, and unseen film work of LeRoi Jones/Amiri Baraka’, Black Camera, 7:1, pp. 273–87.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Toobin, Jeffrey ([1996] 2015), The Run of His Life: The People v. O. J. Simpson, New York: Random House.
  52. Ulivieri, Filippo (2017), ‘Waiting for a miracle: A survey of Stanley Kubrick’s unrealized projects’, Cinergie, 12, pp. 95–115.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Vice, Sue (2021), ‘Claude Lanzmann’s The Four Sisters (2017) on television’, View: Journal of European Television History & Culture, 10:20, pp. 1–16.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Vice, Sue (2023), Claude Lanzmann’s Shoah Outtakes, London: Bloomsbury.
  55. Vice, Sue (2024), ‘Stanley Kubrick’s quest for the heroic: Turning Wartime Lies into Aryan Papers’, Journal of War and Culture Studies, 17:3, pp. 328–45.
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Vice, Sue and Williams, Dominic (2021), ‘Non-sites of memory: Poland in Claude Lanzmann’s Shoah outtakes’, Alphaville, 21, pp. 35–54.
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Waldman, Harry (1991), Scenes Unseen: Unreleased and Uncompleted Films from the World’s Master Filmmakers, 1912–1990, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company.
  58. Wasko, Janet (2003), How Hollywood Works, London: Sage.
  59. Wassell, Nic (dir.) (2024), Vision, Dreams and Magic: The Unmade Films of Michael Powell [documentary], UK: British Film Institute.
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Widmann, Philip (2024), Film Undone: Elements of a Latent Cinema, Berlin: Archive Books.
  61. Williams, Dominic (2024), ‘Placing the location outtakes of Shoah’, Journal of War and Culture Studies, 17:3, pp. 310–27.
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Williams, Rebecca (2015), Post-Object Fandom: Television, Identity and Self-Narrative, London: Bloomsbury.
  63. Winterbottom, Michael (2021), Dark Matter: Independent Filmmaking in the 21st Century, London: British Film Institute.

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