1981
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Art, Design & Communication in Higher Education
  4. Volume 21, Issue 2
  5. Article
Volume 21, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 1474-273X
  • E-ISSN: 2040-0896

Abstract

Digitally networked distance learning strategies in the virtual learning environment (VLE) have been increasingly mandated in studio drawing courses in the COVID-19 era. This phenomenon of studio teaching in absence of the studio is referred to in this analysis as an ‘ex-studio’ model. This article posits an alternative and a corrective to the failures and limitations of digital ex-studio learning and teaching through the understudied, underappreciated and largely defunct strategy of correspondence teaching via postal networks. A critique of online studio teaching experiences in the field of drawing is contrasted with the potential for correspondence courses, informed by mail art practices, to re-engage distance learning with community building, material knowledge, skill formation, effective formative assessment, coherent workload allocation and teacher–learner rapport.

© 2022 Intellect Ltd
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/adch_00053_1
2023-03-16
2023-03-20
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Balestrini, N.. ( 2015;), ‘ Life writing in the internet age: Miranda July and the limits of art as social practice. ’, AAA: Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 40:1&2, pp. 127–50.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Bender, D. M., and Vredevoogd, J. D.. ( 2006;), ‘ Using online education technologies to support studio instruction. ’, Educational Technology & Society, 9:4, pp. 114–22.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bradford, T. A.. ( 2012;), ‘ Second chance not second best: A history of TAFE NSW 1949. – 1997. ’, Ph.D. thesis, Sydney:: University of Technology Sydney.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Brody, M.. and Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía ( 2013), Black Mountain College: Experiment in Art (ed. V. Katz.), Cambridge, MA:: MIT Press;.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Caruth, G., and Caruth, D.. ( 2013;), ‘ Distance education in the United States: From correspondence courses to the internet. ’, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 14:2, pp. 141–49.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Chandler, A.,, Neumark, N.,, Cubitt, S., and Malina, R. F.. ( 2005), At a Distance: Precursors to Art and Activism on the Internet, Cambridge, MA:: MIT Press;.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Cleveland-Innes, M., and Garrison, D. R.. ( 2010), An Introduction to Distance Education: Understanding Teaching and Learning in a New Era, New York:: Routledge;.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Crane, M., and Stofflet, M.. ( 1984), Correspondence Art: Source Book for the Network of International Postal Art Activity, San Francisco, CA:: Contemporary Arts Press;.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Domonkos, A.. ( 1968;), ‘ 1: Teaching art to talented young people: A new venture in the field of correspondence school instruction. ’, Art Education, 21:1, pp. 15–17, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3191089. Accessed 8 December 2021.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Dunkin-Hubby, L.. ( 2014;), ‘ Networking and craft in three generations of mail art. ’, unpublished thesis (1567987), San Jose, CA:: San Jose State University, http://search.proquest.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/dissertations-theses/networking-craft-three-generations-mail-art/docview/1622146327/se-2?accountid=14543. Accessed 11 December 2021.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Fletcher, H.,, July, M., and Ono, Y.. ( 2002–09), Learning to Love You More, San Francisco, CA:: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art;, https://www.learningtoloveyoumore.com. Accessed 11 November 2021.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Funk, C.. ( 2009;), ‘ Distance art education: The federal school and social engineering in the United States, 1900 to 1925. ’, Studies in Art Education, 50:2, pp. 124–36, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25475895. Accessed 8 December 2021.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Gangadharan, S. P.. ( 2009;), ‘ Mail art: Networking without technology. ’, New Media & Society, 11:1&2, pp. 279–98, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444808099581. Accessed 12 December 2021.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Green, J. K.,, Burrow, M., and Carvalho, L.. ( 2020;), ‘ Designing for transition: Supporting teachers and students cope with emergency remote education. ’, Postdigital Science and Education, 2:3, pp. 1–17.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Gregory, M. S. -J., and Lodge, J. M.. ( 2015;), ‘ Academic workload: The silent barrier to the implementation of technology-enhanced learning strategies in higher education. ’, Distance Education, 36:2, pp. 210–30, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2015.1055056. Accessed 5 January 2022.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Hansen, B.. ( 2001;), ‘ Distance learning. ’, CQ Researcher, 11:42, pp. 993–1016.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Harding, L. W.. ( 1944;), ‘ Correspondence instruction. ’, Educational Research Bulletin, 23:2, pp. 29–38.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Harris, M. E.. ( 1987), The Arts at Black Mountain College, Cambridge, MA:: MIT Press;.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Hill, P.. ( 2012;), ‘ Online educational delivery models: A descriptive view. ’, EDUCAUSE Review, 47:6, pp. 84–86.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Hodges, C. B.,, Moore, S. L.,, Lockee, B. B.,, Aaron Bond, M., and Jewett, A.. ( 2020;), ‘ An instructional design process for emergency remote teaching. ’, in D. Burgos,, A. Tlili, and A. Tabacco. (eds), Radical Solutions for Education in a Crisis Context: Lecture Notes in Educational Technology, Singapore:: Springer;, pp. 37–51.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Jardine, D. L.. ( 1968;), ‘ Correspondence school instruction as a foundation for careers in commercial art. ’, Art Education (Reston), 21:1, pp. 17–18, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00043125.1968.11651077. Accessed 5 January 2022.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Keegan, D.. ( 1996), Foundations of Distance Education, , 3rd ed.., London and New York:: Routledge;.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Kennedy, R.. ( 2014;), ‘ The draw of a mail-order art school: (Arts and leisure desk). ’, New York Times, 23 March, http://search.proquest.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/newspapers/draw-mail-order-art-school/docview/1509258260/se-2?accountid=14543. Accessed 12 December 2021.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Lester, N. C.. ( 1993;), ‘ Can a degree in visual arts be taught at a distance?. ’, Distance Education, 14:1, pp. 27–39, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0158791930140104. Accessed 10 January 2022.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Lorenza, L., and Carter, D.. ( 2021;), ‘ Emergency online teaching during COVID-19: A case study of Australian tertiary students in teacher education and creative arts. ’, International Journal of Educational Research Open, 2:2, p. 100057, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2021.100057. Accessed 10 January 2022.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Luxenberg, A.. ( 2017;), ‘ Originality and freedom: The 1863 reforms to the École des Beaux-Arts and the involvement of Léon Bonnat. ’, Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide, 16:2, http://dx.doi.org/10.29411/ncaw.2017.16.2.3. Accessed 17 January 2022.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. MacKenzie, O.,, Christensen, E. L., and Rigby, P. H.. ( 1968), Correspondence Instruction in the United States; a Study of What It Is, How It Functions, and What Its Potential May Be, New York:: McGraw-Hill;.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Madoff, S. H.,, Lauterbach, A.,, Pujol, E.,, Duve, T. D.,, Groys, B.,, Moran, B. D.,, Baldessari, J.,, Craig-Martin, M.,, Storr, R., and Raqs Media, C.. ( 2009), Art School: (Propositions for the 21st Century), Cambridge, MA:: MIT Press;.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Marshalsey, L., and Sclater, M.. ( 2020;), ‘ Together but apart: Creating and supporting online learning communities in an era of distributed studio education. ’, International Journal of Art & Design Education, 39:4, pp. 826–40, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jade.12331. Accessed 12 December 2021.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Miiller, S., and Smith, L.. ( 2009;), ‘ Distance learning in the visual arts. ’, Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 5:3, p. 496.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Norman Rockwell Museum Website ( 2017;), ‘ Learning from the masters: The famous artists school. ’, https://www.nrm.org/2017/02/learning-masters-famous-artists-school/. Accessed 11 November 2021.
  32. O’Shea, S.,, Stone, C., and Delahunty, J.. ( 2015;), ‘ “I ‘feel’ like I am at university even though I am online”: Exploring how students narrate their engagement with higher education institutions in an online learning environment. ’, Distance Education, 36:1, pp. 41–58, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2015.1019970. Accessed 5 January 2022.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Queensland Art Gallery and Gallery of Modern Art (QAGOMA) ( 2021), Draw Along Workshop Series Report, Brisbane:: QAGOMA;.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Russell, T. L.. ( 1999), The No Significant Difference Phenomenon: A Comparative Research Annotated Bibliography on Technology for Distance Education, As Reported in 355 Research Reports, Summaries and Papers, Raleigh, NC:: North Carolina State University Press;.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Salinger, J. D.. ( 1953), Nine Stories: De Daumier-Smith’s Blue Period, Boston, MA:: Little;.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Scheg, A.. ( 2014), Reforming Teacher Education for Online Pedagogy Development, Hershey, PA:: IGI Global;.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Sheldon, K. E.. ( 2009;), ‘ International trends and techniques used to teach studio art courses through distance education. ’, unpublished thesis (1467680), Greenville, NC:: East Carolina University, http://search.proquest.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/dissertations-theses/international-trends-techniques-used-teach-studio/docview/305084296/se-2?accountid=14543. Accessed 11 December 2021.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Soylu, M. K.. ( 2014;), ‘ A virtual e-telier: A descriptive study of interaction, presence, learning, and satisfaction in an online studio art course for undergraduate non-art majors. ’, unpublished thesis, Bloomington, IN:: Indiana University, https://go.exlibris.link/BWW617js. Accessed 11 December 2021.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Tynan, B.,, Ryan, Y., and Lamont-Mills, A.. ( 2015;), ‘ Examining workload models in online and blended teaching. ’, British Journal of Educational Technology, 46:1, pp. 5–15, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12111. Accessed 15 January 2022.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Vries, Y. E. de. ( 1996;), ‘ The interactivity component of distance learning implemented in an art studio course. ’, Education, 117:2, pp. 180–84.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Wilson, S.,, Watson, K.,, Zehner, R. B.,, Forsyth, G.,, Musgrave, E.,, Neale, D.,, Harpe, B.,, Frankham, N., and Peterson, F.. ( 2009), Curriculum Development in Studio Teaching: Volume Four: STP Case Studies of Effective Practice, Canberra:: Australian Learning and Teaching Council and Australian Government Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations;.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Winters, T.. ( 2021;), ‘ Emergency remote studio teaching. ’, Journal of Teaching and Learning with Technology, 10:1, pp. 117–26.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Wragg, N.. ( 2020;), ‘ Online communication design education: The importance of the social environment. ’, Studies in Higher Education, 45:11, pp. 2287–97, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1605501. Accessed 6 January 2022.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Platz, William. ( 2022;), ‘ Drawing ex-studio: An eccentric case for correspondence courses. ’, Art, Design & Communication in Higher Education, 21:2, pp. 159–72, https://doi.org/10.1386/adch_00053_1
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1386/adch_00053_1
Loading
  • Article Type: Article
Keyword(s): distance learning; drawing; drawing pedagogy; mail art; studio pedagogy; virtual learning environment

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error