Skip to content
1981
Volume 25, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 1474-273X
  • E-ISSN: 2040-0896

Abstract

Since building systems play a key role in shaping the final design of a building, knowledge about their foundations has been an integral part of the undergraduate architecture curriculum. However, building systems are often considered by architecture students as engineers’ main responsibility. This mindset has caused inadequate attention in education. VR technology, with its ability to simplify complex concepts through immersive, interactive experiences, offers a promising solution. This study proposes a VR-based building systems-learning (VR-BSL) system, which aims to increasing architectural students’ motivation and engagement in understanding the fundamentals of building systems. A prototype of the VR-BSL system was integrated into the classroom activities, where students and lecturers explored virtual spaces of major building systems using HMDs and controllers. This study demonstrated that VR-BSL enhances learning experience by allowing students to easily grasp distributed information and knowledge through the visualization of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems in the VR.

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) (Award JRA–C0-2565-17120-TH)
  • Mahasarakham University
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/adch_00098_1
2025-01-28
2026-04-15

Metrics

Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Abdelhameed, W. A. (2013), ‘Virtual reality use in architectural design studios: A case of studying structure and construction’, Procedia Computer Science, 25, pp. 22030, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.11.027.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Abdelhameed, W. and Saputra, W. (2019), ‘Smart solutions and architectural design: A framework for building service systems’ design’, 2nd Smart Cities Symposium (SCS 2019), Bahrain, Bahrain, 22–24 March, Stevenage, London and Birmingham: Institution of Engineering and Technology, pp. 14, https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2019.0196.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Abdelhameed, W. and Saputra, W. (2020), ‘Integration of building service systems in architectural design’, Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 25, pp. 10922, https://doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2020.007.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Achten, H., Roelen, W., Boekholt, J., Turksma, A. and Jessurun, J. (1999), ‘Virtual reality in the design studio: The Eindhoven perspective’, Architectural Computing from Turing to 2000: eCAADe Conference Proceedings, Liverpool, UK, 15–17 September, Brussels: eCAADe, pp. 16977, https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.1999.169.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Angulo, A. (2015), ‘Rediscovering virtual reality in the education of architectural design: The immersive simulation of spatial experiences’, Ambiances, 1:1, https://doi.org/10.4000/ambiances.594.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Autodesk (n.d.), ‘Key features of Autodesk Revit’, https://www.autodesk.com/products/revit/features. Accessed 20 April 2024.
  7. Bachman, L. R. (2004), Integrated Buildings: The Systems Basis of Architecture, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bashabsheh, A. K., Alzoubi, H. H. and Ali, M. Z. (2019), ‘The application of virtual reality technology in architectural pedagogy for building constructions’, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 58:2, pp. 71323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2019.06.002.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Dantas Filho, J. B. P., Angelim, B. M., Guedes, J. P., Castro, M. A. F. de and Paula Barros Neto, J. de (2016), ‘Virtual design and construction of plumbing systems’, Open Engineering, 6:1, pp. 73036, https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2016-0076.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Domínguez-Amarillo, S., Fernandez-Aguera, J. and Fernandez-Aguera, P. (2018), ‘Teaching innovation and the use of social networks in architecture: Learning building services design for smart and energy efficient buildings’, Archnet-IJAR, 12:1, pp. 36775, https://doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i1.1298.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Donath, D. and Regenbrecht, H. (1999), ‘Using immersive virtual reality systems for spatial design in architecture’, AVOCAAD’99 Conference, Brussels, Belgium, 8–10 April, Brussels: Hogeschool Voor Wetenschap en Kunst, pp. 297308.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Duwain Brazley, M. (2018), ‘Architecture, virtual reality, spatial visualization, learning styles, and distance education’, International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications, 4:2, p. 10, https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20180402.11.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Dvorák, J. (2005), ‘Boosting up architectural design education with virtual reality’, Central European Multimedia and Virtual Reality Conference, Prague, Czech Republic, 8–10 June.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Epic Games (n.d.), ‘Datasmith export plugins’, https://www.unrealengine.com/en-US/datasmith/plugins. Accessed 20 April 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Epic Games (n.d.), ‘Unreal Engine 5’, https://www.unrealengine.com/en-US/unreal-engine-5. Accessed 20 April 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Gröhn, M., Mantere, M., Savioja, L. and Takala, T. (2001), ‘3D visualization of building services in virtual environment’, 17th Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, Helsinki, Finland, 29–31 August, Brussels: eCAADe, pp. 52328.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Gross, M. D. (1994), ‘Avoiding conflicts in architectural subsystem layout’, Concurrent Engineering, 2:3, pp. 16371, https://doi.org/10.1177/1063293X9400200303.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Gül, L. F., Williams, A. and Gu, N. (2012), ‘Constructivist learning theory in virtual design studios’, Computational Design Methods and Technologies: Applications in CAD, CAM and CAE Education, Hershey, PA: IGI Global, pp. 13962, https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-180-1.ch009.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Hew, K. P., Fisher, N. and Awbi, H. B. (2001), ‘Towards an integrated set of design tools based on a common data format for building and services design’, Automation in Construction, 10:4, pp. 45976, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-5805(00)00082-0.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Hossain Maghool, S. A., Moeini, S. H. I. (Iradj) and Arefazar, Y. (2018), ‘An educational application based on virtual reality technology for learning architectural details: Challenges and benefits’, Archnet-IJAR, 12:3, pp. 24672, https://doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i3.1719.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Jonassen, D. H., Hernandez-Serrano, J. and Choi, I. (2000), ‘Integrating constructivism and learning technologies’, Integrated and Holistic Perspectives on Learning, Instruction and Technology, New York: Springer Publishing, pp. 10328, https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47584-7_7.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kalisperis, L. N., Otto, G., Muramoto, K., Gundrum, J. S., Masters, R. and Orland, B. (2002), ‘Virtual reality/space visualization in design education: The VR-desktop initiative’, 20th eCAADe Conference Proceedings, Warsaw, Poland, 18–20 September, Brussels, eCAADe, pp. 6471.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Kamath, R. S., Dongale, T. D. and Kamat, R. K. (2013), ‘Development of virtual reality tool for creative learning in architectural education’, International Journal of Quality Assurance in Engineering and Technology Education, 2:4, pp. 1624, https://doi.org/10.4018/ijqaete.2012100102.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Kandi, V. R., Castronovo, F., Brittle, P., Mastrolembo Ventura, S. and Nikolic, D. (2020), ‘Assessing the impact of a construction virtual reality game on design review skills of construction students’, Journal of Architectural Engineering, 26:4, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000434.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Kharvari, F. and Hohl, W. (2019), ‘The role of serious gaming using virtual reality applications for 3D architectural visualization’, 2019 11th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games), Vienna, Austria, 4–6 September, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, https://doi.org/10.1109/VS-Games.2019.8864576.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Kharvari, F. and Kaiser, L. E. (2022), ‘Impact of extended reality on architectural education and the design process’, Automation in Construction, 141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104393.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Korman, T. and Simonian, L. (2010), ‘Using building information modeling to teach mechanical, electrical, and plumbing coordination’, ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Kentucky, USA, 20–23 June, Washington DC: American Society for Engineering Education, https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--15643.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Korman, T., Simonian, L. and Spearpoint, M. (2008), ‘Using building information modeling to improve the mechanical, electrical, and plumbing coordination process for buildings’, AEI 2008: Building Integration Solutions, Colorado, USA, 24–27 September 2008.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Lee, E. A.-L., Wong, K. W. and Fung, C. C. (2008), ‘Virtual reality: An emerging technology for learning’, 9th Postgraduate Electrical Engineering & Computing Symposium, Perth, Australia, 4 November, Perth: University of Western Australia, pp. 2025, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Lucas, J. (2018), ‘Immersive VR in the construction classroom to increase student understanding of sequence, assembly, and space of wood frame construction’, Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 23, pp. 17994.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Luther, M. B. (2006), ‘Teaching building services to architecture and building students’, 40th Annual Conference of the Architectural Science Association ANZAScA, Adelaide, Australia, 22–25 November, n.p.: ANZAScA, pp. 27985, https://anzasca.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/ANZAScA2006_Mark-B-Luther.pdf. Accessed 14 January 2025.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Maassen, W., Groot, E. d. and Scholten, J. E. (2002), ‘Design of an early support tool for building services design: A design tool study’, 6th Design and Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning (DDSS), Part One: Architecture, Avegoor, the Netherlands, January, pp. 27690.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Martín-Gómez, C., Zapata, O., Zuazua, A., Villanueva, S. and Olaizola, P. (2014), ‘Building services cabinets as teaching material in a degree in architecture’, European Journal of Engineering Education, 39:2, pp. 14356, https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2013.833176.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Medjdoub, B. and Bi, G. (2004), ‘Hybrid approach to solve space planning problems in building services’, eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction, New York: Springer Publishing, pp. 62934, https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203023426.pt11.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Milovanovic, J., Moreau, G., Siret, D. and Miguet, F. (2017), ‘Virtual and augmented reality in architectural design and education: An immersive multimodal platform to support architectural pedagogy’, in G. Çağdaş, M. Özkar, L. F. Gül and E. Gürer (eds), 17Th International Conference, Caad Futures 2017, Istanbul, Turkey, 12–14 July, Brussels: eCAADe, pp. 51332, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01586746. Accessed 14 January 2025.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Oliveira, S., Olsen, L., Malki-Epshtein, L., Mumovic, D. and D’Ayala, D. (2021), ‘Transcending disciplines in architecture, structural and building services engineering: A new multidisciplinary educational approach’, International Journal of Technology and Design Eduation, 32:2, pp. 124765, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-020-09645-3.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Özgen, D. S., Afacan, Y. and Sürer, E. (2021), ‘Usability of virtual reality for basic design education: A comparative study with paper-based design’, International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 31:2, pp. 35777, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-019-09554-0.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Paes, D., Arantes, E. and Irizarry, J. (2017), ‘Immersive environment for improving the understanding of architectural 3D models: Comparing user spatial perception between immersive and traditional virtual reality systems’, Automation in Construction, 84, pp. 292303, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.09.016.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Palomera-Arias, R. and Liu, R. (2016), ‘BIM laboratory exercises for a MEP systems course in a construction science and management program’, Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 21, pp. 188203, https://www.itcon.org/papers/2016_13.content.08915.pdf. Accessed 14 January 2025.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Portman, J. (2014), Building Services Design Management, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Sampaio, A. Z., Henriques, P. and Studer, P. (2005), ‘Learning construction processes using virtual reality models’, ITcon, 10, pp. 14151.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Sherman, W. R. and Craig, A. B. (2003), Understanding Virtual Reality: Interface, Application, and Design, San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603322391668.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Smutny, P. (2022), ‘Learning with virtual reality: A market analysis of educational and training applications’, Interactive Learning Environments, 31:10, pp. 613346, https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2022.2028856.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Soliman, A. M. (2017), ‘Appropriate teaching and learning strategies for the architectural design process in pedagogic design studios’, Frontiers of Architectural Research, 6:2, pp. 20417, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2017.03.002.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Valls, F., Redondo, E., Sánchez, A., Fonseca, D., Villagrasa, S. and Navarro, I. (2017), ‘Simulated environments in architecture education: Improving the student motivation’, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 571, pp. 23543, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56541-5_24.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Wang, L. and Leite, F. (2016), ‘Formalized knowledge representation for spatial conflict coordination of mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) systems in new building projects’, Automation in Construction, 64, pp. 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2015.12.020.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Wang, R., Lowe, R., Newton, S. and Kocaturk, T. (2020), ‘Task complexity and learning styles in situated virtual learning environments for construction higher education’, Automation in Construction, 113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103148.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Williams, J. E., Orooji, F. and Aly, S. J. (2019), ‘Integration of virtual reality (VR) in architectural design education: Exploring student experience’, 2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Florida, USA, 15–19 June, Washington DC: American Society for Engineering Education, https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--32999.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Zaker, R. and Coloma, E. (2018), ‘Virtual reality-integrated workflow in BIM-enabled projects collaboration and design review: A case study’, Visualization in Engineering, 6:4, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40327-018-0065-6.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Zhang, C. and Chen, B. (2019), ‘Enhancing learning and teaching for architectural engineering students using virtual building design and construction’, Higher Education Studies, 9:2, pp. 4556, https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v9n2p45.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1386/adch_00098_1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1386/adch_00098_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test