‘Ski masks’, spectacles and solidarity: Mainstream Irish media representations of housing activists and activisms

References

1. Banks, C. (2018), ‘Disciplining black activism: Post-racial rhetoric, public memory and decorum in news media framing of the Black Lives Matter movement’, Continuum, 32:6, pp. 709–20.
   [Google Scholar]
2. Belcher, J. R. and DeForge, B. R. (2012), ‘Social stigma and homelessness: The limits of social change’, Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 22:8, pp. 929–46.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Bissett, J. (2009), Regeneration: Public Good or Private Profit?, Dublin: Tasc at New Island.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Bourdieu, P. (1986), ‘The forms of capital’, in J. Richardson (ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, pp. 241–58.
   [Google Scholar]
5. Bourdieu, P. and Wacquant, L. P. D. (1992), An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Boykoff, J. (2007), ‘Limiting dissent: The mechanisms of state repression in the USA’, Social Movement Studies, 6:3, pp. 281–310.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Cannon, B. and Murphy, M. P. (2015), ‘Where are the pots and pans? Collective responses in Ireland to neoliberalization in a time of crisis: Learning from Latin America’, Irish Political Studies, 30:1, pp. 1–19.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Chan, J. M. and Lee, C. C. (1984), ‘The journalistic paradigm on civil protests: A case study of Hong Kong’, in A. Arno and W. Dissanayake (eds), The News Media in National and International Conflict, Boulder, CO: Westview, pp. 183–202.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Chatterjee, P., Condie, J., Sisson, A. and Wynne, L. (2019), ‘Imploding activism: Challenges and possibilities of housing scholar-activism’, Radical Housing Journal, 1:1, pp. 189–204.
   [Google Scholar]
10. Clapham, D. (2003), ‘Pathways approaches to homelessness research’, Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 13:2, pp. 119–27.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Coulter, C. and Nagle, A. (2015), Ireland under Austerity: Neoliberal Crisis, Neoliberal Solutions, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Crowley, U. and Kitchin, R. (2007), ‘Paradoxical spaces of traveller citizenship in contemporary Ireland’, Irish Geography, 40:2, pp. 128–45.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Deleu, H., Schrooten, M. and Hermans, K. (2023), ‘Hidden homelessness: A scoping review and avenues for further inquiry’, Social Policy and Society, 22:2, pp. 282–98.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Della Porta, D., O’Connor, F., Portos, M. and Ribas, A. S. (2017), Social Movements and Referendums from Below: Direct Democracy in the Neoliberal Crisis, Bristol: Policy Press.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Devereux, E. (2015), ‘Thinking outside the charity box: Media coverage of homelessness’, European Journal of Homelessness, 9:2, pp. 261–73.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Devereux, E. (2021), ‘Not just for Christmas: News media coverage of homelessness’, in S. L. Borden (ed.), The Routledge Companion to Media and Poverty, London: Routledge, pp. 331–39.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Devereux, E. and Power, M. J. (2019), ‘Fake news? A critical analysis of the “Welfare Cheats, Cheat Us All” campaign in Ireland’, Critical Discourse Studies, 16:3, pp. 347–62.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Drudy, P. J. and Collins, M. L. (2011), ‘Ireland: From boom to austerity’, Cambridge Journal of Regions: Economy and Society, 4:3, pp. 339–54.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Dunphy, R. (2018), ‘Beyond nationalism? The anti-austerity social movement in Ireland: Between domestic constraints and lessons from abroad’, in A. Bourne (ed.), European Social Movements and the Transnationalization of Public Spheres, London: Routledge, pp. 45–61.
    [Google Scholar]
20. Fischer, M. (2016), ‘#Free_CeCe: The material convergence of social media activism’, Feminist Media Studies, 16:5, pp. 755–71.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Foucault, M. (1971), ‘Orders of discourse’, Social Science Information, 10:2, pp. 7–30, https://doi.org/10.1177/053901847101000201.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Foucault, M. (1979), Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, New York: Vintage.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Gillespie, T., Hardy, K. and Watt, P. (2021), ‘Surplus to the city: Austerity urbanism, displacement and “letting die”’, Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 53:7, pp. 1713–29.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Gutstein, D. (2012), ‘Generational conflict: Neo-liberalism’s new bait-and-switch ploy’, Rabble, https://rabble.ca/general/generational-conflict-neoliberalisms-new-bait-and-switch-plo/, 16 February. Accessed 13 September 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Hall, S. (1997), Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, London: SAGE.
    [Google Scholar]
26. Hamilton, J. (2000), ‘Alternative media: Conceptual difficulties, critical possibilities’, Journal of Communication Inquiry, 24:4, pp. 357–78.
    [Google Scholar]
27. Harlow, S. and Brown, D. K. (2023), ‘A new protest paradigm: Toward a critical approach to protest news analyses’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 28:2, pp. 333–43.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Harlow, S., Brown, D. K., Salaverría, R. and García-Perdomo, V. (2020), ‘Is the whole world watching? Building a typology of protest coverage on social media from around the world’, Journalism Studies, 21:11, pp. 1590–608.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Harvey, D. (2005), A Brief History of Neoliberalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
30. Hearne, R. (2011), Public Private Partnerships in Ireland: Failed Experiment or the Way Forward for the State, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Hearne, R. (2020), Housing Shock, Bristol: Policy Press.
    [Google Scholar]
32. Hearne, R. and Murphy, M. (2018), ‘An absence of rights: Homeless families and social housing marketisation in Ireland’, Administration, 66:2, pp. 9–31.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Hearne, R., O’Callaghan, C., Kitchin, R. and Feliciantonio, C. D. (2018), ‘The relational articulation of housing crisis and activism in post-crash Dublin, Ireland’, in N. Gray (ed.), Rent and Its Discontents, New York: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 153–68.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Holland, K. (2018), ‘Housing crisis: Dublin’s O’Connell Bridge scene of mass protest’, The Irish Times, 22 September, https://www.irishtimes.com/news/social-affairs/housing-crisis-dublin-s-o-connell-bridge-scene-of-mass-protest-1.3638569. Accessed 12 September 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
35. Kelly, S. (2014), ‘Light touch regulation: The rise and fall of the Irish banking sector’, in A. MacLaran and S. Kelly (eds), Neo-Liberal Urban Policy and the Transformation of the City: Reshaping Dublin, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 37–52.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Kenix, L. J. (2011), Alternative and Mainstream Media: The Converging Spectrum, London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Kilraine, J. (2018), ‘Housing protesters hold demonstration on O’Connell St’, RTÉ, 12 September, https://www.rte.ie/news/dublin/2018/0912/993266-dublin-protest/. Accessed 13 September 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
38. Kitchin, R., O’Callaghan, C., Boyle, M., Gleeson, J. and Keaveney, K. (2012), ‘Placing neoliberalism: The rise and fall of Ireland’s Celtic Tiger’, Environment and Planning A, 44:6, pp. 1302–26.
    [Google Scholar]
39. Lee, F. L. F. (2014), ‘Triggering the protest paradigm: Examining factors affecting news coverage of protests’, International Journal of Communication, 8, p. 22.
    [Google Scholar]
40. Lima, V. (2019), ‘Urban austerity and activism: Direct action against neoliberal housing policies’, Housing Studies, 36:2, pp. 258–77.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Lima, V. (2021), ‘From housing crisis to housing justice: Towards a radical right to a home’, Urban Studies, 58:16, pp. 3282–98.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Lima, V., Hearne, R. and Murphy, M. P. (2023), ‘Housing financialisation and the creation of homelessness in Ireland’, Housing Studies, 38:9, pp. 1695–718.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Marron, A. (2019), ‘“Overpaid” and “inefficient”: Print media framings of the public sector in The Irish Times and The Irish Independent during the financial crisis’, Critical Discourse Studies, 16:3, pp. 282–97.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Marron, A. (2021), Framing Austerity: Print Media Portrayals of the Public Sector during the Irish Financial Crisis, London: Rowman & Littlefield.
    [Google Scholar]
45. Mercille, J. (2017), ‘Irish media coverage of the housing bubble and austerity’, in E. Heffernan, J. McHale and N. Moore-Cherry (eds), Debating Austerity in Ireland: Crisis, Experience and Recovery, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, pp. 67–79.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Muncie, E. (2020), ‘“Peaceful protesters” and “dangerous criminals”: The framing and reframing of anti-fracking activists in the UK’, Social Movement Studies, 19:4, pp. 464–81.
    [Google Scholar]
47. Murphy, M. P. (2016), ‘Low road or high road? The post-crisis trajectory of Irish activation’, Critical Social Policy, 36:3, pp. 432–52.
    [Google Scholar]
48. Murphy, M. P. (2021), ‘A new welfare imaginary for the island of Ireland’, Irish Studies in International Affairs, 32:2, pp. 532–57.
    [Google Scholar]
49. Murphy, M. P. (2023), Creating an Ecosocial Welfare Future, Bristol: Policy Press.
    [Google Scholar]
50. Norris, M. (2014), ‘Path dependence and critical junctures in Irish rental policy: From dualist to unitary rental markets?’, Housing Studies, 29:5, pp. 616–37.
    [Google Scholar]
51. Norris, M. and Hearne, R. (2016), ‘Privatising public housing redevelopment: Grassroots resistance, co-operation and devastation in three Dublin neighbourhoods’, Cities, 57, pp. 40–46.
    [Google Scholar]
52. Norris, M. and O’Connell, C. (2002), ‘Local authority housing management reform in the Republic of Ireland: Progress to date-impediments to future progress’, European Journal of Housing Policy, 2:3, pp. 245–64.
    [Google Scholar]
53. Ó Broin, E. (2019), Home: Why Public Housing Is the Answer, Dublin: Merrion Press.
    [Google Scholar]
54. O’Connell, C. (2007), The State and Housing in Ireland: Ideology, Policy and Practice, New York: Nova Science Publishers.
    [Google Scholar]
55. ÓhAodha, M. (2009), ‘Counter-hegemony and resistance: The traveller “Shaman” in Irish oral tradition’, in M. Ó hAodha (ed.), Travellers and Showpeople: Recovering Migrant History, Newcastle Upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 51–69.
    [Google Scholar]
56. O’Malley, E. (2020), ‘The great normalisation: Success, failure and change in contemporary Ireland’, in R. Fox, M. Cronin and B. O’Conchobhair (eds), Routledge International Handbook of Irish Studies, London: Routledge, pp. 96–108.
    [Google Scholar]
57. O’Toole, F. (2009), Ship of Fools: How Stupidity and Corruption Sank the Celtic Tiger, London: Faber & Faber.
    [Google Scholar]
58. Parsell, C. (2018), The Homeless Person in Contemporary Society, London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
59. Peck, J. and Tickell, A. (1994), ‘Jungle law breaks out: Neoliberalism and global-local disorder’, Area, 26:4, pp. 317–26.
    [Google Scholar]
60. Power, J. (2018), ‘Take back the city: Activists run anti-eviction training’, The Irish Times, 19 September, https://www.irishtimes.com/news/social-affairs/take-back-the-city-activists-run-anti-eviction-training-1.3633719. Accessed 12 September 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
61. Power, M. J., Haynes, A. and Devereux, E. (2016), ‘Reasonable people vs. The Sinister Fringe: Interrogating the framing of Ireland’s water charge protestors through the media politics of dissent’, Critical Discourse Studies, 13:3, pp. 261–77.
    [Google Scholar]
62. Power, M. J., Devereux, E. and Ryan, M. (2022), ‘Framing and shaming: The 2017 Welfare Cheats, Cheat Us All campaign’, Social Policy and Society, 21:4, pp. 646–56.
    [Google Scholar]
63. Preston, P. and Silke, H. (2011), ‘Market “realities”: De-coding neoliberal ideology and media discourses’, Australian Journal of Communication, 38:3, pp. 47–64.
    [Google Scholar]
64. Reynolds, A. (2021), ‘Contesting the financialization of student accommodation: Campaigns for the right to housing in Dublin, Ireland’, Housing Studies, 39:6, pp. 1–21.
    [Google Scholar]
65. Rouse, J. (2005), ‘Power/knowledge’, in G. Gutting (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Foucault, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
66. RTÉ (2018), ‘No plans to ban filming of gardaí, says Taoiseach’, RTÉ, 18 September, https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2018/0918/994490-housing/. Accessed 12 September 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
67. Shields, T. G. (2001), ‘Network news construction of homelessness: 1980–1993’, The Communication Review, 4:2, pp. 193–218.
    [Google Scholar]
68. Snow, D. A. and Bradford, M. G. (1994), ‘Broadening perspectives on homelessness: An introduction’, American Behavioral Scientist, 37:4, pp. 454–60.
    [Google Scholar]
69. Susser, E., Valencia, E., Conover, S., Felix, A., Tsai, W. Y. and Wyatt, R. J. (1997), ‘Preventing recurrent homelessness among mentally ill men: A “critical time” intervention after discharge from a shelter’, American Journal of Public Health, 87:2, pp. 256–62.
    [Google Scholar]
70. Tobin, S. (2018), ‘Housing protests hear calls for an end to evictions’, RTÉ, 22 September, https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2018/0922/995372-protests/. Accessed 12 September 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
71. Tubridy, F. (2024), ‘Militant research in the housing movement: The community action tenants union rent strike history project’, Antipode, 56:3, pp. 1027–46.
    [Google Scholar]
72. Van Dijk, T. A. (1995), ‘Aims of critical discourse analysis’, Japanese Discourse, 1:1, pp. 17–28.
    [Google Scholar]
73. Wodak, R. and Meyer, M. (2009), ‘Critical discourse analysis: History, agenda, theory and methodology’, in R. Wodak, and M. Meyer (eds), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, London: Sage, pp. 1–33.
    [Google Scholar]