‘All you got to do is aim and pull the trigger’: Cinematic adaptations of the Punisher

References

1. Alexander, Lexi (2008), Punisher: War Zone, USA: AMC Studios.
   [Google Scholar]
2. Ayres, Jackson (2016), ‘When were superheroes grim and gritty?’, Los Angeles Review of Books, 20 February, https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/when-were-superheroes-grim-and-gritty/. Accessed 1 June 2024.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Barr, Mike W. (1980), Captain America #241, New York: Marvel Comics.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Baxter, Lee (2011), ‘Batman: The Dark Knight: The Joker’s pursuit of justice in an unjust world’, in L. Baxter and P. Brăescued (eds), Fear within Melting Boundaries, Leiden: Brill, pp. 89–97.
   [Google Scholar]
5. Bibbiani, William (2017), ‘The Dolph Lundgren Punisher movie isn’t as bad as you remember’, IGN, 17 November, https://www.ign.com/articles/2017/11/16/the-dolph-lundgren-punisher-movie-isnt-as-bad-as-you-remember. Accessed 15 June 2024.
6. Cawelti, John G. (1975), ‘Myths of violence in American popular culture’, Critical Inquiry, 1:3, pp. 521–41.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Collins, Max Allan (1987), Wild Dog #1, New York: DC Comics.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Conway, Jerry (1975), ‘Death Sentence’, Marvel Preview #2, New York: Marvel.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Coogan, Peter (2006), Superhero: The Secret Origin of a Genre, Austin, TX: MonkeyBrain Books.
   [Google Scholar]
10. Coogan, Peter (2009), ‘The definition of the superhero’, in J. Heer and K. Worcester (eds), A Comics Studies Reader, Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, pp. 77–93.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Decandido, Keith (2017), ‘“God’s gonna sit this one out”: The Punisher (1989), The Punisher (2004), and Punisher: War Zone’, Reactor, 10 November, https://reactormag.com/gods-gonna-sit-this-one-out-the-punisher-1989-the-punisher-2004-and-punisher-war-zone/. Accessed 1 June 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
12. DeFalco, Tom, Owsley, James and Kupperberg, Alan (1987), The Amazing Spider-Man #285, New York: Marvel.
    [Google Scholar]
13. DiPaolo, Marc (2011), War, Politics, and Superheroes: Ethics and Propaganda in Comics and Film, Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Donovan, Barna W. (2010), Blood, Guns, and Testosterone: Action Films, Audiences, and a Thirst for Violence, Lanham, MD, Toronto and Plymouth: The Sacrecrow Press.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Eberwein, Robert (2009), The Hollywood War Film, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Favreau, Jon (2008), Iron Man, USA: Marvel Studios.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Fraction, Matt and Olivetti, Ariel (2007), Punisher War Journal #2.2, New York: Marvel.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Friedkin, William (1971), The French Connection, USA: Philip D’Antoni Productions and Schine-Moore Productions.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Goldblatt, Mark (1989), The Punisher, USA: New World Pictures.
    [Google Scholar]
20. Hall, Richard A. (2019), The American Superhero: Encyclopedia of Caped Crusaders in History, Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Heinsleigh, Jonathan (2004), The Punisher, USA: Marvel Entertainment.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Hirsch, Foster (2004), Detours and Lost Highways: A Map of Neo-Noir, Wisconsin, MN: Hal Leonard Publishing Corporation.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Hutcheon, Linda and O’Flynn, Siobhan (2013), A Theory of Adaptation, 2nd ed., London and New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Joanou, Phil (2012), The Punisher: Dirty Laundry, USA: 1984 Defence Contractors and RAW Studios.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Jon, Philip (2014), ‘The Punisher (1989)’, Film Critic, Esq., 30 May, https://filmcriticesq.blogspot.com/2014/05/the-punisher-1989.html. Accessed 14 June 2024.
26. Kittredge, William and Krauzer, Steven M. (1978), ‘Introduction’, in F. Peters and R. Stewart (eds), The Great American Detective, New York: New American Library, pp. x–xxxv.
    [Google Scholar]
27. Kotcheff, Ted (1982), First Blood, USA: The Wallis Interactive, Carolco Pictures and Anabasis Investments, N.V.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Lester, Mark M. (1985), Commando, USA: Silver Pictures.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Miller, Frank and Janson, Klaus (1988), Daredevil and the Punisher: Child’s Play, New York: Marvel.
    [Google Scholar]
30. Milligen, Stephen (2004), ‘“Cruelty has a human heart”: Prejudice and profit in new right crime policy’, Irish Journal of American Studies, 9, pp. 88–111.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Mills, Anthony R. (2013), American Theology, Superhero Comics, and Cinema, London and New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
32. Morrison, Grant (2011), Supergods: What Masked Vigilantes, Miraculous Mutants, and a Sun God from Smallville Can Teach Us about Being Human, New York: Spiegel and Grau.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Naremore, James (2019), Film Noir: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Nolan, Christopher (2005), Batman Begins, USA: Warner Bros. Pictures.
    [Google Scholar]
35. Nolan, Cristopher (2008), Batman: The Dark Knight, USA: Warner Bros. Pictures.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Palmer, Lorrie (2007), ‘“Le Western Noir”: The Punisher as revisionist superhero western’, in T. R. Wandtke (ed.), The Amazing Transforming Superhero! Essays on the Revision of Characters in Comic Books, Film and Television, Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland, pp. 192–208.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Philips, Nickie D. and Strobl, Stacy (2013), Comic Book Crime: Truth, Justice and the American Way, New York: New York University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
38. Piatti-Farnell, Lorna (2021), ‘Introduction’, in L. Piatti-Farnell (ed.), The Superhero Multiverse: Readapting Comic Book Icons in Twenty-First Century Film and Popular Media, London: Lexington Books, pp. 1–12.
    [Google Scholar]
39. Reeves, Matt (2022), The Batman, USA: Warner Bros. Pictures.
    [Google Scholar]
40. Sanders, Julie ([2006] 2016), Adaptation and Appropriation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Scorsese, Martin (1976), Taxi Driver, USA: Bill/Phillips Productions and Italo-Judeo Productions.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Scott, Riddley (1982), Blade Runner, USA: The Ladd Company, Shaw Brothers and Blade Runner Partnership.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Scully, Tyler and Moorman, Kenneth (2014), ‘The rise of vigilantism in 1980s comics: Reasons and outcomes’, The Journal of Popular Culture, 47:2, pp. 634–53.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Stax (2004), ‘Hensleigh talks Punisher’, IGN, 20 June, http://www.ign.com/articles/2004/01/29/hensleigh-talks-punisher. Accessed 15 February 2024.
45. Stewart, Rebecca (2016), ‘Editor’s introduction’, in F. Peters and R. Stewart (eds), Antihero, London: Intellect, pp. 7–15.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Tarantino, Quentin (2004), Kill Bill: Volume 2, USA: A Band Apart.
    [Google Scholar]
47. Tasker, Yvonne (2015), The Hollywood Action and Adventure Film, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
    [Google Scholar]
48. Verheiden, Mark (1987), The American #1, Milwaukie: Dark Horse Comics.
    [Google Scholar]
49. Verhoeven, Paul (1987), RoboCop, USA: Orion Pictures.
    [Google Scholar]
50. Wilds, Stephen (2024), ‘The Punisher 20 years later: Looking back at 2004’s Messy origin movie’, Coming Soon, 16 April, https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/features/1664709-the-punisher-2004-thomas-jane-retrospective. Accessed 31 July 2024.
51. Worcester, Kent (2012), ‘The Punisher and the politics of retributive justice’, Law Text Culture, 16, pp. 329–52.
    [Google Scholar]
52. Worcester, Kent (2023), A Cultural History of the Punisher, Bristol and Chicago, IL: Intellect.
    [Google Scholar]
53. Abad-Santos, Alex (2017), ‘The Punisher tells a story about white male anger, wrapped in blood and guns’, Vox, 17 November, https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/11/13/16413024/marvel-punisher-review. Accessed 14 February 2024.
54. Hirsch, Foster (2008), The Dark Side of the Screen: Film Noir, Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.
    [Google Scholar]
55. Manning, Shaun (2017), ‘Director Lexi Alexander talks Punisher: War Zone’, CBR, 7 December, https://www.cbr.com/director-lexi-alexander-talks-punisher-war-zone/. Accessed 15 February 2024.