Reimagining citizenship: Findings and conclusions of a critical literature review of scholarship on citizenship education

References

1. Abdi, A., Shultz, L. and Pillay, T. (2015), Decolonizing Global Citizenship Education, Boston, MA: Brill.
   [Google Scholar]
2. Abowitz, K. K. and Harnish, J. (2006), ‘Contemporary discourses of citizenship’, Review of Educational Research, 76:4, pp. 653–90.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Adams, M. and Parkin, A. (2022), ‘Canadians aren’t just adapting to diversity: We’re embracing it’, Globe and Mail, p. 5.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Andreotti, V. D. O. and Pashby, K. (2013), ‘Digital democracy and global citizenship education: Mutually compatible or mutually complicit?’, The Educational Forum, 77:4, pp. 422–37.
   [Google Scholar]
5. Bagnall, N. and Moore, S. J. (2020), ‘Global citizenship through the lens of Indigenous pedagogies in Australia and New Zealand: A comparative perspective’, in A. Akkari and K. Maleq (eds), Global Citizenship Education, Cham: Springer, pp. 71–85, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44617-8_3.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Banks, J. A. and Banks, C. A. M. (eds) (2019), Multicultural Education: Issues and Perspectives, Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Battiste, M. (2013), Decolonizing Education: Nourishing the Learning Spirit, Saskatoon: Purich.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Bauböck, R. (1995), ‘Transnational citizenship: Membership and rights in international migration’, European Journal of Political Research, 32:3, pp. 341–77.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Bickmore, K., Hayhoe, R., Manion, C., Mundy, K. and Read, R. (eds) (2017), ‘Conflict, peacebuilding, and education: Rethinking pedagogies in divided societies, Latin America, and around the world’, in Comparative and International Education: Issues for Teachers, 2nd ed., Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press, pp. 268–99.
   [Google Scholar]
10. Blackburn, C. (2009), ‘Differentiating Indigenous citizenship: Seeking multiplicity in rights, identity, and sovereignty in Canada’, American Ethnologist, 36:1, pp. 66–78, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27667529. Accessed 12 December 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Broom, C. (2012), ‘Understanding social studies: Student and teacher voices in relation to theoretical orientations’, Journal of International Social Studies, 2:2, pp. 6–24.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Broom, C. (2021), ‘Reconceptualizing citizenship beyond national civic citizenship models: A discussion of British Columbia’s curricula’, Citizenship Teaching & Learning, Special Issue: ‘Citizenship and Democratic Education in the Time of Rising Nationalism’, 16:3, pp. 417–31, https://www.intellectbooks.com/citizenship-teaching-learning. Accessed 13 December 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Broom, C. and Evans, R. (2015), ‘Social studies within and across borders’, Citizenship Education Research Journal, 4:1, pp. 56–69.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Buchholz, B. A., DeHart, J. and Moorman, G. (2020), ‘Digital citizenship during a global pandemic: Moving beyond digital literacy’, Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy: A Journal from the International Reading Association, 64:1, pp. 11–17, https://doi.org/10.1002/jaal.1076.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Calzada, I. (2022), ‘Emerging digital citizenship regimes: Pandemic, algorithmic, liquid, metropolitan, and stateless citizenships’, Citizenship Studies, 27:2, pp. 160–88, https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2021.2012312.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Cao, X. (2021), ‘Navigating citizenship education by employing critical race theory and social constructivism’, Citizenship Education Research Journal, 9:1, https://ojs-o.library.ubc.ca/index.php/CERJ/article/view/464/500. Accessed 7 November 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Carr, P. R. and Thésée, G. (2017), ‘Democracy inside, and outside, of Education’, Democracy & Education, 25:2, https://democracyeducationjournal.org/home/vol25/iss2/4. Accessed 14 January 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Castro, A. J. and Knowles, R. T. (2017), ‘Democratic citizenship education’, in M. McGlinn Manfra and C. Mason (eds), The Wiley Handbook of Social Studies Research, Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 287–318.
    [Google Scholar]
19. CBC (2023), ‘Canada is picking up the political radicalization bug from the U.S., new report warns’, Radio Canada, 4 January, https://ici.radio-canada.ca/rci/en/news/1945971/canada-is-picking-up-the-political-radicalization-bug-from-the-u-s-new-report-warns. Accessed 20 January 2023.
20. CERN (Citizenship Education Research Network) (n.d.), ‘About CERN’, https://education.ok.ubc.ca/research-partnerships/citizenship-education-research-network/. Accessed 20 January 2023.
21. Coleman, S. (2008), ‘Doing IT for themselves: Management versus autonomy in youth e-citizenship’, in W. L. Bennett, Civic Life Online: Learning How Digital Media Can Engage Youth, The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, pp. 189–206, https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7893.003.0009.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Demelenne, D. (2020), ‘Paraguayan Indigenous peoples and the challenge of citizenship’, in A. Akkari and K. Maleq (eds), Global Citizenship Education, pp. 31–42, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44617-8_3.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Dewey, J. (1916), ‘Democracy and education’, https://www.gutenberg.org/files/852/852-h/852-h.htm. Accessed 28 December 2022.
24. Dobson, A. (2003), Citizenship and the Environment, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Emejulu, A. and McGregor, C. (2019), ‘Towards a radical digital citizenship in digital education’, Critical Studies in Education, 60:1, pp. 131–47, https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2016.1234494.
    [Google Scholar]
26. Evans, R. (2004), The Social Studies Wars, New York: Teachers’ College.
    [Google Scholar]
27. Fallace, T. (2017), ‘The intellectual history of the social studies’, in M. Manfra and C. Bolick (eds), Wiley Handbook of Social Studies Research, Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Fleming, D. and Morgan, B. (2011), ‘Discordant anthems: ESL and critical citizenship education’, Citizenship Education Research Journal, 1, pp. 28–40.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Freire, P. (1970), Pedagogy of the Oppressed, New York: Taylor and Francis.
    [Google Scholar]
30. Gellman, M. (2019), ‘The right to learn our (m)other tongues: Indigenous languages and neoliberal citizenship in El Salvador and Mexico’, British Journal of Sociology of Education, 40:4, pp. 523–37, https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2019.1565990.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Glaser, B. (1992), Basics of Grounded Theory Analysis, Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.
    [Google Scholar]
32. Glaser, B. and Strauss, A. (1967), The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, Venice: Aldine.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Grever, M. and Adriaansen, R. J. (2019), ‘Historical consciousness: The enigma of different paradigms’, Journal of Curriculum Studies, 51:6, pp. 814–30, https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2019.1652937.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Guo, S. (2021), ‘Reimagining Chinese diasporas in a transnational world: Toward a new research Agenda’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 48:4, pp. 847–72, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2021.1983958.
    [Google Scholar]
35. Guo, S. and Guo, Y. (2015), ‘Rethinking multiculturalism in Canada: Tensions between immigration, ethnicity and minority rights’, in S. Guo and L. Wong (eds), Transnational Migration and Education: Revisiting Multiculturalism in Canada: Theories, Policies and Debates, pp. 123–38.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Guo, S. and Maitra, S. (2017), ‘Revisioning curriculum in the age of transnational mobility: Towards a transnational and transcultural framework’, Curriculum Inquiry, 47:1, pp. 80–91, https://doi.org/10.1080/03626784.2016.1254504.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Hagerman, C. (2020), ‘Future of citizenship’, Government of Canada: Policy Horizons Canada, 11 March, https://horizons.gc.ca/en/2020/03/11/future-of-citizenship/. Accessed 31 January 2023.
38. Harpaz, Y. (2019), Citizenship 2.0: Dual Nationality as a Global Asset, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691194578.
    [Google Scholar]
39. Herbert, Y. (2002), Citizenship in Transformation in Canada, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
    [Google Scholar]
40. Horwitz, M. J. (1987), ‘History and theory’, The Yale Law Journal, 96:8, pp. 1825–35, https://doi.org/10.2307/796398.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Imer, G. and Kaya, M. (2020), ‘Literature review on digital citizenship in Turkey’, International Education Studies, 13:8, p. 6.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Jacoby, R. (1994), ‘The myth of multiculturalism’, New Left Review, p. 121.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Joshee, R. and Thomas, M. (2017), ‘Multicultural and citizenship education in Canada: Slow peace as an alternative to social cohesion’, in J. A. Banks (ed.), Citizenship Education and Global Migration: Implications for Theory, Research, and Teaching, Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association, pp. 91–106.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Kohn, H. (2005), The Idea of Nationalism: A Study of its Origins and Background, New York: Macmillan.
    [Google Scholar]
45. Kymlicka, W. (2011), ‘Multicultural citizenship within multination states’, Ethnicities, 11:3, pp. 281–302, https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796811407813.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Lei, L. and Guo, S. (2022), ‘Beyond multiculturalism: Revisioning a model of pandemic anti-racism education in post-Covid-19 Canada’, International Journal of Anthropology and Ethnology, 6:1, https://doi.org/10.1186/s41257-021-00060-7.
    [Google Scholar]
47. Lévesque, S. and Clark, P. (2018), ‘Historical thinking: Definitions and educational applications’, in S. Metzger and L. M. Harris (eds), The Wiley International Handbook of History in Teaching and Learning, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 117–48.
    [Google Scholar]
48. Levinson, M. (2010), ‘The civic empowerment gap: Defining the problem and locating solutions’, in L. Sherrod, J. Torney-Purta and C. Flanagan (eds), Handbook of Research on Civic Engagement, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 115–37.
    [Google Scholar]
49. de Lira e Silva, T. (2021), ‘A call for change in times of globalization: A comparative analysis of the Ontario Secondary L2 Curricula through a citizenship lens’, Citizenship Education Research Journal, 9:1, https://ojs-o.library.ubc.ca/index.php/CERJ/article/view/385. Accessed 15 January 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
50. Mahuika, N. (2019), Rethinking Oral History and Tradition: An Indigenous Perspective, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
51. Marshall, T. H. (1950), Citizenship and Social Class and Other Essays, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
52. May, S. and Sleeter, C. E. (eds) (2010), Critical Multiculturalism: Theory and Praxis, Singapore: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
53. Miller, D. (2011) ‘Will Kymlicka “Multicultural citizenship within multination states”: A response’, Ethnicities, 11:3, pp. 303–07, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23890690. Accessed 17 December 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
54. Myers, J. and Rapoport, A. (2021) ‘Citizenship and democratic education in the time of rising nationalism: Theory, research and practice’, Citizenship Teaching & Learning, 16:3, pp. 297–99, https://doi.org/10.1386/ctl_00067_2.
    [Google Scholar]
55. Nadasdy, P. (2016), ‘First nations, citizenship and animals, or why northern Indigenous people might not want to live in Zoopolis’, Canadian Journal of Political Science, 49:1, pp. 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423915001079.
    [Google Scholar]
56. Osborne, K. (2000), ‘Public schooling and citizenship education in Canada’, Canadian Ethnic Studies, 32:1, p. 8.
    [Google Scholar]
57. Öztürk, G. (2021), ‘Digital citizenship and its teaching: A literature review’, Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 4:1, pp. 31–45, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jetol/issue/60134/857904. Accessed 3 January 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
58. Pashby, K. (2011), ‘Cultivating global citizens: Planting new seeds or pruning the perennials? Looking for the citizen-subject in global citizenship education theory’, Globalisation, Societies and Education, 9:3–4, pp. 427–42, https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2011.605326.
    [Google Scholar]
59. Pashby, K. (2013), Related and Conflated: A Theoretical and Discursive Framing of Multiculturalism and Global Citizenship Education in the Canadian Context, Toronto: University of Toronto.
    [Google Scholar]
60. Pillay, T. (2015), ‘Decentring the myth of Canadian multiculturalism: A post-structural feminist analysis’, in A. A. Abdi, L. Shultz, and T. Pillay (eds), Decolonizing Global Citizenship Education, Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, pp. 69–80.
    [Google Scholar]
61. Pinar, W. (2004), What Is Curriculum Theory?, Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
    [Google Scholar]
62. Reijers, W., Orgad, L. and de Filippi, P. (2022), ‘The rise of cybernetic citizenship’, Citizenship Studies, 27:2, pp. 210–29, https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2022.207756.
    [Google Scholar]
63. Richardson, G. (2008), ‘Conflicting imaginaries: Global citizenship education in Canada as a site of contestation’, in M. A. Peters, A. Britton and H. Blee, Global Citizenship Education, Contexts of Education, vol. 1, Leiden: Brill, pp. 115–31, https://doi.org10.11639789087903756_009.
    [Google Scholar]
64. Sabzalian, L. (2019), ‘The tensions between Indigenous sovereignty and multicultural citizenship education: Toward an anticolonial approach to civic education’, Theory & Research in Social Education, 47:3, pp. 311–46, https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2019.1639572.
    [Google Scholar]
65. Sears, A. (1994), ‘Social studies as citizenship education in English Canada: A review of research’, Theory & Research in Social Education, 22:1, pp. 6–43.
    [Google Scholar]
66. Sears, A. (2013), ‘Possibilities and problems: Citizenship education in a multinational state: The case of Canada’, in Globalization, the Nation-State and the Citizen, Singapore: Routledge, pp. 203–18.
    [Google Scholar]
67. Sears, A. and Hughes, A. (1996), ‘Citizenship education and current educational reform’, Canadian Journal of Education, 21:2, pp. 123–42, https://journals.sfu.ca/cje/index.php/cje-rce/issue/view/138/.
    [Google Scholar]
68. Seixas, P. (2017a), ‘A model of historical thinking’, Educational Philosophy and Theory, 49:6, pp. 593–605, https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2015.1101363.
    [Google Scholar]
69. Seixas, P. (2017b), ‘Historical consciousness and historical thinking’, in Palgrave Handbook of Research in Historical Culture and Education, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 59–72.
    [Google Scholar]
70. Sherrod, L., Torney-Purta, J. and Flanagan, C. (eds) (2010), Handbook of Research on Civic Engagement, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
    [Google Scholar]
71. Simon Fraser University (2023), ‘Strengthening Canadian democracy project’, 6 January, https://www.democracydialogue.ca/. Accessed 25 January 2023.
72. Thornton, S. (2017), ‘A concise historiography of the social studies’, in M. M. Manfra and C. M. Bolick (eds), Wiley Handbook of Social Studies Research, Boston, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 7–41.
    [Google Scholar]
73. Thorp, R. and Anders, P. (2020), ‘On historical thinking and the history educational challenge’, Educational Philosophy and Theory, 52:8, pp. 891–901, https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1712550.
    [Google Scholar]
74. Vertovec, S. (2009), Transnationalism, Singapore: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
75. Vink, M., Schakel, A. H., Reichel, D., Luk, C. N. and de Grot, G. R. (2019), ‘The international diffusion of expatriate dual citizenship’, Migration Studies, 7:3, pp. 362–83, https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnz011.
    [Google Scholar]
76. Vitikainen, A. (2021), ‘Indigenous citizenship, shared fate, and non-ideal circumstances’, Citizenship Studies, 25:1, pp. 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2020.1837738.
    [Google Scholar]
77. Westheimer, J. and Kahne, J. (2004), ‘What kind of citizen? The politics of educating for democracy’, American Educational Research Journal, 41:2, pp. 237–69, https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312041002237.
    [Google Scholar]
78. Wiebe, K. (2021), ‘Unsellable toward (re)construction of global citizenship education outside of neoliberal discourses’, Citizenship Education Research Journal, 9:1, https://ojs-o.library.ubc.ca/index.php/CERJ/article/view/468. Accessed 3 December 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
79. Williams, M. S. (2003), ‘Citizenship as identity, citizenship as shared fate, and the functions of multicultural education’, in K. McDonough and W. Feinberg (eds), Citizenship and Education in Liberal-Democratic Societies: Teaching for Cosmopolitan Values and Collective Identities, Oxford: Oxford Academic, https://doi.org/10.1093/0199253668.003.0009.
    [Google Scholar]
80. Bliss, M. (2002), ‘Teaching Canadian national history’, Canadian Social Studies, 36:2, pp. 1–6, https://sites.ualberta.ca/~educweb/css/content/articles-2000-2010.html#ARteaching_canadian_national_history119. Accessed 7 November 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
81. Boyd, W. and King, E. (1975), The History of Western Education, London: Adam & Charles Black.
    [Google Scholar]
82. Brown, G. (1952), Democracy in Action, Toronto: Dent.
    [Google Scholar]
83. Bury, J. P.  T. (ed.) (1922), The New Cambridge Modern History, vol. 10, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
84. Charmaz, K. (2016), ‘Constructivist grounded theory’, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12:3, pp. 299–300.
    [Google Scholar]
85. Colley, L. (1992), Britons, Forging the Nation 1707–1837, Yale: Yale University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
86. Cordasco, F. (1976), A Brief History of Education, Totowa: Littlefield, Adams, and Co.
    [Google Scholar]
87. Derwing, T. M., Munro, M. J. and Jamieson, K. (1998), ‘Citizenship education for adult immigrants: Changes over the last ten years’, Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 44:4, pp. 383–96.
    [Google Scholar]
88. Doheny, J. (1991), ‘Bureaucracy and the education of the poor in nineteenth century Britain’, British Journal of Educational Studies, 39:3, pp. 325–39.
    [Google Scholar]
89. Granatstein, J. (1998), Who Killed Canadian History, Toronto: HarperCollins.
    [Google Scholar]
90. Gutek, G. (2011), Historical and Philosophical Foundations of Education: A Biographical Introduction, New York: Pearson.
    [Google Scholar]
91. Kymlicka, W. (2021), ‘The precarious resilience of multiculturalism in Canada’, American Review of Canadian Studies, 51:1, pp. 122–42, https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2021.1878544.
    [Google Scholar]
92. Lee, K. Y. and Lee, K. M. (2012), ‘The myth of multiculturalism in “Asia’s world city”: Incomprehensive policies for ethnic minorities in Hong Kong’, Journal of Asian Public Policy, 5:1, pp. 117–34, https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2012.662353.
    [Google Scholar]
93. Levine, P. (2007), The Future of Democracy: Developing the Next Generation of American Citizens, Medford, MA and Hanover: Tufts University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
94. Levine, P. and Higgins-D’alessandro, A. (2010), ‘Youth civic engagement: Normative issues’, in L. Sherrod, J. Torney-Purta and C. Flanagan (eds), Handbook of Research on Civic Engagement, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 221–48.
    [Google Scholar]
95. Newman, G. (1997), The Rise of English Nationalism: A Cultural History, 1740–1830, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
    [Google Scholar]
96. Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (2008), Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
    [Google Scholar]