Skip to content
1981
Design and Interdisciplinarity
  • ISSN: 2055-2106
  • E-ISSN: 2055-2114

Abstract

This study presents and reflects on the experiences of three design studios in various undergraduate programmes in China, Turkey and Colombia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study identifies adaptive and transformative strategies and acts implemented in these scenarios to respond to rapidly changing circumstances. Consequently, this study is aimed at educators and administrators in design programmes, design researchers and the wider design and higher education (HE) communities. A descriptive multi-case study design was applied to describe several instances of a contemporary phenomenon within its natural environment. In these case studies, the authors present and reflect on their teaching experiences before, during and after the pandemic. The authors identify the following adaptive and transformative strategies and acts that contributed to creating resilient, sustainable and inclusive learning environments during the pandemic: (1) redesigning the curriculum as an emergent phenomenon; (2) adapting the project brief and adjusting learning expectations; (3) expanding the instructor’s role in the studio; (4) renegotiating the boundaries between students and instructors; (5) increasing awareness about students’ mental health and well-being; (6) adopting new tools, materials and techniques, and adapting the existing ones; (7) implementing new methods for communicating with the students. This article contributes to the existing discussions about the future of design education. The findings can help plan future design curricula that are adaptable, flexible and responsive to change. Such curricula can better address different student needs, whose educational experiences can have longer-lasting effects through their contributions to society upon graduation. In this cross-disciplinary and cross-cultural study, authors use resilience, sustainability and inclusivity as lenses to analyse their respective contexts. Even though these categories have been used independently or in combination to approach educational phenomena in the past, this is the first study that applies them in the context of design studio education.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/dbs_00047_1
2023-04-25
2026-04-16

Metrics

Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Arvidson, P. S.. ( 2012;), ‘ E-portfolios in a liberal studies program: An experiment in sustainability. ’, in K. A. Bartels, and K. A. Parker. (eds), Teaching Sustainability/Teaching Sustainably, Sterling, VA:: Stylus Publishing, LLC;, pp. 16177.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Artiles, A. J.,, Kozleski, E. B., and Waitoller, F. R.. ( 2011), Inclusive Education: Examining Equity on Five Continents, Cambridge, MA:: Harvard Education Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Basch, S.,, Covarrubias, R., and Wang, S.. ( 2022;), ‘ Minoritized students’ experiences with pandemic-era remote learning inform ways of expanding access. ’, Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology, article first , https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000330.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bento, F.,, Giglio Bottino, A.,, Cerchiareto Pereira, F.,, Forastieri de Almeida, J., and Gomes Rodrigues, F.. ( 2021;), ‘ Resilience in higher education: A complex perspective to lecturers’ adaptive processes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. ’, Education Sciences, 11:9, 492, https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11090492.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bobbe, T.,, Krzywinski, J., and Woelfel, C.. ( 2016;), ‘ A comparison of design process models from academic theory and professional practice. ’, in DS 84: Proceedings of the DESIGN 2016 14th International Design Conference, Cavtat, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 16–19 May, Glasgow:: The Design Society;, pp. 120514.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bridges, A.. ( 2007;), ‘ Problem based learning in architectural education. ’, in Proceedings of CIB 24th W78 Conference Maribor 2007, Maribor, Slovenia, 27–29 June, Maribor:: CIB;, pp. 75561.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Brito, R. M.,, Rodríguez, C., and Aparicio, J. L.. ( 2018;), ‘ Sustainability in teaching: An evaluation of university teachers and students. ’, Sustainability, 10:2, https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020439.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Broadfoot, O., and Bennett, R.. ( 2003;), ‘ Design studios: Online?. ’, in Apple University Consortium Academic and Developers Conference Proceedings 2003, Adelaide, Australia, 28 September–1 October, Adelaide:: Apple University Consortium;, pp. 921.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Broughan, C., and Hunt, L.. ( 2013;), ‘ Inclusive teaching. ’, in L. Hunt, and D. Chalmers. (eds), University Teaching in Focus: A Learning-Centred Approach, Abingdon:: Routledge;, pp. 18298.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Burkšaitienė, N.,, Lesčinskij, R.,, Suchanova, J., and Šliogerienė, J.. ( 2021;), ‘ Self-directedness for sustainable learning in university studies: Lithuanian students’ perspective. ’, Sustainability, 13:16 https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169467.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Council on Undergraduate Research ( 2021;), ‘ Council on Undergraduate Research issues updated definition of undergraduate research. ’, Council of Undergraduate Research , https://www.cur.org/council_on_undergraduate_research_issues_updated_definition_of_undergraduate_research/. Accessed 3 May 2022.
  12. Dewey, J.. ( 1916), Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education, New York:: The Macmillan Company;.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Dinç Uyaroğlu, İ.. ( 2021;), ‘ Resilience in interior architecture education: Distance universal design learning in the COVID-19 pandemic. ’, Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning, 2:2, pp. 23449, https://doi.org/10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2i2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. ElTohamy, A.,, Hyun, S.,, Macaranas, A. R.,, Chen, J. A.,, Stevens, C., and Liu, C. H.. ( 2022;), ‘ Testing positive, losing a loved one, and financial hardship: Real-world impacts of COVID-19 on US college student distress. ’, Journal of Affective Disorders, 314:2022, pp. 35764, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.022.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Findeli, A.. ( 2001;), ‘ Rethinking design education for the 21st century: Theoretical, methodological, and ethical discussion. ’, Design Issues, 17:1, pp. 517.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Fleming, J., and Ledogar, R. J.. ( 2008;), ‘ Resilience, an evolving concept: A review of literature relevant to aboriginal research. ’, Pimatisiwin, 6:2, pp. 723.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Folke, C.,, Carpenter, S. R.,, Walker, B.,, Scheffer, M.,, Chapin, T., and Rockström, J.. ( 2010;), ‘ Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. ’, Ecology and Society, 15:4, http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss4/art20/. Accessed 28 February 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Folke, C.,, Hahn, T.,, Olsson, P., and Norberg, J.. ( 2005;), ‘ Adaptive governance of social–ecological systems. ’, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 30:1, pp. 44173, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144511.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Groat, L., and Wang, D.. ( 2013), Architectural Research Methods, , 2nd ed.., Hoboken, NJ:: Wiley;.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Habraken, N. J.. ( 2007;), ‘ To tend a garden: Thoughts on strengths and limits of studio pedagogy. ’, in A. M. Salama, and N. Wilkinson. (eds), Design Studio Pedagogy: Horizons for the Future, Gateshead:: Urban International Press;, pp. 1117.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hays, J., and Reinders, H.. ( 2020;), ‘ Sustainable learning and education: A curriculum for the future. ’, International Review of Education, 66:1, pp. 2952.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. König, J.,, Jäger-Biela, D. J., and Glutsch, N.. ( 2020;), ‘ Adapting to online teaching during COVID-19 school closure: Teacher education and teacher competence effects among early career teachers in Germany. ’, European Journal of Teacher Education, 43:4, pp. 60822.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Kuh, G. D.. ( 2008), High-Impact Educational Practices: What They Are, Who Has Access to Them, and Why They Matter, Washington, DC:: Association of American Colleges and Universities;.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Kuh, G. D.,, O’Donnell, K., and Reed, S.. ( 2013), Ensuring Quality and Taking High-Impact Practices to Scale, Washington, DC:: Association of American Colleges and Universities;.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Luthar, S. S.. ( 2015;), ‘ Resilience in development: A synthesis of research across five decades. ’, in D. Cicchetti, and D. J. Cohen. (eds), Developmental Psychopathology, New York:: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.;, pp. 73995, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470939406.ch20.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Marchese, D.,, Reynolds, E.,, Bates, M. E.,, Morgan, H.,, Clark, S. S., and Linkov, I.. ( 2018;), ‘ Resilience and sustainability: Similarities and differences in environmental management applications. ’, Science of the Total Environment, 613:2018, pp. 127583.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Masdéu, M., and Fuses, J.. ( 2017;), ‘ Reconceptualizing the design studio in architectural education: Distance learning and blended learning as transformation factors. ’, International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR, 11:2, pp. 623, https://doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i2.1156.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Masten, A. S.. ( 2001;), ‘ Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. ’, American Psychologist, 56:3, pp. 22738.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Ossiannilsson, E. S.. ( 2021;), ‘ Resilient sustainable education for the future of education: Emerging challenges. ’, in A. Bozkurt. (ed.), Handbook of Research on Emerging Pedagogies for the Future of Education: Trauma-Informed, Care, and Pandemic Pedagogy, Hershey, PA:: IGI Global;, pp. 1643.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Parker, K. A.. ( 2012;), ‘ Sustainability in higher education. ’, in K. A. Bartels, and K. A. Parker. (eds), Teaching Sustainability/Teaching Sustainably, Sterling, VA:: Stylus Publishing, LLC;, pp. 118.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Rouvrais, S.,, Liem, I.,, Audunsson, H., and Proches, C. G.. ( 2022;), ‘ If you please, draw me a resilient curriculum!. ’, in CDIO 2022: 18th CDIO International Conference, Reykjavik, Iceland, 13–15 June, Reykjavík:: Reykjavík University;, pp. 58898.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Salama, A. M.. ( 2021), Transformative Pedagogy in Architecture and Urbanism, London:: Routledge;, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003140047.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Schön, D.. ( 1992;), ‘ The theory of inquiry: Dewey’s legacy to education. ’, Curriculum Inquiry, 22:2, pp. 11939.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Scott, R. H.. ( 2009;), ‘ Sustainable curriculum, sustainable university. ’, eCULTURE, 2:1, pp. 12229.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Selwyn, N.. ( 2012), Education in a Digital World: Global Perspectives on Technology and Education, New York and London:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Sparke, P.. ( 2018;), ‘ The design school. ’, in P. Rodgers,, J. Bremner, and H. Charman. (eds), Design School: The Future of the Project, Lancaster:: Lancaster University;, pp. 3134.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Sroufe, L. A.,, Egeland, B.,, Carlson, E. A., and Collins, W. A.. ( 2005), The Development of the Person: The Minnesota Study of Risk and Adaptation from Birth to Adulthood, New York:: Guilford Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Starkey, L.. ( 2012), Teaching and Learning in the Digital Age, New York:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. UNESCO ( 2005), Guidelines for Inclusion: Ensuring Access to Education for All, Paris:: UNESCO;, http://www.ibe.unesco.org/sites/default/files/Guidelines_for_Inclusion_UNESCO_2006.pdf. Accessed 15 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Yates, T. M.,, Egeland, B., and Sroufe, L. A.. ( 2003;), ‘ Rethinking resilience: A developmental process perspective. ’, in S. S. Luthar. (ed.), Resilience and Vulnerability: Adaptation in the Context of Childhood Adversities, New York:: Cambridge University Press;, pp. 24366.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Wang, T.. ( 2010;), ‘ A new paradigm for design studio education. ’, International Journal of Art & Design Education, 29:2, pp. 17383, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-8070.2010.01647.x.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Waxman, H. C.,, Gray, J. P., and Padron, Y. N.. ( 2003), Review of Research on Educational Resilience, Berkeley, CA:: UC Berkeley: Center for Research on Education, Diversity and Excellence;, https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7x695885. Accessed 9 September 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Werner, E. E.. ( 1995;), ‘ Resilience in development. ’, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4:3, pp. 8184, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772327.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Wheeler, A.,, Vlachopoulos, P., and Cope, S.. ( 2012;), ‘ Creating a culture of critical and situated technology use through effective learning design. ’, in M. Brown,, M. Hartnett, and T. Stewart. (eds), Proceedings Ascilite 2012: Future Challenges, Sustainable Futures, Wellington, New Zealand, 25–28 November, Wellington:: Ascilite;, pp. 104852.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Wheeler, S.,, Waite, S. J., and Bromfield, C.. ( 2002;), ‘ Promoting creative thinking through the use of ICT. ’, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 18:3, pp. 36778.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Yin, R. K.. ( 2002), Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Applied Social Research Method Series, vol. 5, , 3rd ed.., Thousand Oaks, CA:: Sage Publications;, https://doi.org/10.1097/FCH.0b013e31822dda9e.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Ceyhan, Pınar,, Haklıdır, Ece Altınbaşak, and Tellez, Fabio Andres. ( 2023;), ‘ Rethinking the design studio curriculum through adaptive and transformative strategies and acts: Cross-cultural reflections. ’, Journal of Design, Business & Society, Special Issue: ‘Design and Interdisciplinarity’ , 9:1, pp. 79101, https://doi.org/10.1386/dbs_00047_1
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1386/dbs_00047_1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1386/dbs_00047_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test