Skip to content
1981
Resonating across Oceanic Currents: Maritime Histories of Popular Music in and from Japan, 1920s-60s
  • ISSN: 2051-7084
  • E-ISSN: 2051-7092

Abstract

This article focuses on the transpacific circulations of Japanese popular songs alongside touring American military personnel in East Asia between 1945 and 1958: that is, from the end of the Second World War, across the span of the Korean War, and up to the year of the American ground forces’ withdrawal from ‘mainland’ Japan. By first tracing the trans-oceanic travels of musical souvenirs such as phonograph records and music boxes, and then by delving into their ‘afterlives’ as ex-souvenirs variously lost or preserved, this article reveals the seemingly minor yet no less significant histories and memories of musical objects containing within them the traces of post-war Japanese popular song. Over this period, musical souvenirs entered into postwar American households with returning military personnel, imparting to family and friends an auditory sensation of ‘Japan’ that carried with it the fantasy of knowing a place and culture that lay far across the Pacific. Although many of the Japanese pop songs contained therein lost their ‘souvenir’ status in the late 1960s, their recent revival via transnational online media suggests new ways of re-‘discovering’ and circulating a wealth of music that might have otherwise fallen into obscurity.

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Toyota Foundation (Award D04-A-513)
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/eapc_00127_1
2024-04-26
2024-10-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Altman, Robert (1970), M*A*S*H, USA: Aspen Productions and Ingo Preminger Productions.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Anderson, Wes (2018), Isle of Dogs, USA: Indian Paintbrush, American Empirical Pictures, Scott Rudin Productions and Studio Babelsberg.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Aoki, Shin (青木深) (2013), Meguriau Monotachi no Gunzō: Sengo Nihon no Beigun Kichi to Ongaku (‘Moments rolling around: The music scene in and around U.S. Military Installations in postwar Japan, 1945–1958’), Tokyo: Ōtsuki Shoten.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Aoki, Shin (2017), ‘Singing exoticism: A historical anthropology of the G.I. songs “China Night” and “Japanese Rumba”’, Journal of American History, 103:4, pp. 94355.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Aoki, Shin (青木深) (2021), ‘Uta ga yobisamasareru toki: Amerika niokeru “Shina no Yoru” to sono kioku’ (‘When the song is awakened: “China Nights” and its memories in the United States’), in T. Nozawa and I. Kawase (eds), Ongaku no Mimei kara no Shikou: Musicking wo Koete (‘Thinking before the birth of music: Beyond musicking’), Tokyo: Artes Publishing, pp. 28499.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Aoki, Shin (青木深) (forthcoming 2024), ‘Amerika no “Shina no Yoru”: Taiheiyō wo watatta “kyokuto” no uta’ (‘“China Nights” in America: A song crossing the Pacific from the “Far East”’), in Y. Wajima and M. Nagatomi (eds), Nyumon Popular Ongaku no Bunka-shi: ‘Sengo Nihon’ wo Yominaosu (‘Guide to the cultural history on popular music: Rereading “postwar Japan”’), Kyoto: Minerva Shobō.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Asahi Geinō Shinbun (アサヒ芸能新聞) (1951), ‘Nisei no rekōdo Hawai he gyaku-yushutsu’, (‘Records by Nisei reexported back to Hawaii’), Asahi Geinō Shinbun, 9 December, p. 9.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Asahi Geinō Shinbun (アサヒ芸能新聞) (1952), ‘Jōji Shimabukuro-kun Koronbia nyūsha’ (‘Mr. George Shimabukuro joins Nippon Columbia’), Asahi Geinō Shinbun, 2 November, p. 19.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Asahi Geinō Shinbun (アサヒ芸能新聞) (1953a), ‘Colo deha Soba songu’ (‘“Soba Song” released by Nippon Columbia’), Asahi Geinō Shinbun, 21 June, p. 17.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Asahi Geinō Shinbun (アサヒ芸能新聞) (1953b), ‘Mishora Hibari no charumera soba-ya-san’ (‘Charumera soba vendor, Hibari Misora’), Asahi Geinō Shinbun, 28 June, p. 25.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Asahi Geinō Shinbun (アサヒ芸能新聞) (1953c), ‘Nihonjin no jaz wo’ (‘Jazz by the Japanese’), Asahi Geinō Shinbun, 6 September, p. 24.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Atkins, Taylor E. (2001), Blue Nippon: Authenticating Jazz in Japan, Durham: Duke University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Azami, Toshio (生明俊雄) (2016), Nijusseiki Nihon Rekōdo Sangyōshi: Global Kigyō no Shinkō to Shijō no Hatten (‘The history of Japanese record industry in the twentieth century: The invasion of global companies and the market development’), Tokyo: Keisō Shobō.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Baccus, Laddie (1950), ‘Ginza in Evening Twilight’, sheet music, Japan: Hakubi-sha.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Beech, Keyws (1947), ‘Jazz “made in Japan” is a poor imitation’, Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 3 October, p. 8.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Boyle, Hal (1945), ‘Yanks clean out Tokyo bargains’, The Decatur Daily Review, 6 November, p. 1.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Chigateri, Prabhudeva (2012), ‘Way back in…’, Vintage Japanese Music – Japanese Rumba, YouTube, 5 September, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVhIp3cdJVQ. Accessed 8 September 2021.
  18. Columbia Music Entertainment (2007), e-mail to author, 14 September.
  19. Cornish, Paul (2009), ‘“Just a boyish habit”…?: British and commonwealth war trophies in the First World War’, in N. J. Saunders and P. Cornish (eds), Contested Objects: Material Memories of the Great War, London and New York: Routledge, pp. 1126.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Daily News (1953), ‘“Vanity” writers get bit break in L.A’, Daily News, 23 September, p. 21.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Del Rio News-Herald (1947), ‘Federation to hold rose tea May 17’, Del Rio News-Herald, 25 March, p. 4.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Dendooven, Doniniek (2009), ‘The journey back: On the nature of donations to the “In Flanders Fields Museum”’, in N. J. Saunders and P. Cornish (eds), Contested Objects: Material Memories of the Great War, London and New York: Routledge, pp. 6072.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Doyle, Genevieve (1953), ‘Visiting songwriter sold hit tune for one dollar’, The Honolulu Advertiser, 4 November, p. 13.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Emerson, Faye (1955), ‘Cheers for “tonight”’, The Pittsburgh Press, 25 May, p. 53.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Guam Daily News (1955), ‘Mico records on 45 rpm’, Guam Daily News, p. 5.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Hageman, William (2013), ‘Never thought I’d…’, Tokyo Boogie Woogie – Shizuko Kasagi (Columbia), YouTube, 14 July, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3K1c1a-3LVk. Accessed 8 September 2021.
  27. Hartzog, Hazel (1945), ‘Japan seeking to revive art goods industry’, Tucson Daily Citizen, 18 October, p. 18.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Honolulu Star Bulletin (1952), ‘Far East GIs favor pearls for gifts back home’, Honolulu Star Bulletin, 24 December, p. 7.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Hosokawa, Shūhei (細川周平) (2020), Kindai Nihon no Ongaku Hyakunen: Kurofune kara Shūsen made Dai-3kan Rekōdo Kayō no Tanjō (‘A hundred years of music in modern Japan: From the Blackship to the end of the Asia-Pacific War, Part Three, the birth of popular song on record’), Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Howard, John (1952), ‘Soldier spurns steaks’, The Leader Post, 28 May, p. 3.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Kamiya, Kazuyoshi (神谷一義) (2003), ‘Japanese Rumba’, liner notes in Daiku, Tetsuhiro, Hōraikō: exo-Pai Patirohma, CD, Japan: Offnote.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Kasagi, Shizuko (笠置シヅ子) (1948), ‘Tokyo Boogie-Woogie’, composed by R. Hattori and M. Suzuki, 78 rpm, Japan: Columbia.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Klein, Christina (2003), Cold War Orientalism: Asia in the Middlebrow Imagination, 1945–1961, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Kurata, Yoshihiro (倉田喜弘) (1992), Nihon Rekōdo Bunka-shi (‘The cultural history of records in Japan’), Tokyo: Tokyo Shoseki.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Leeds, Clair (1953), ‘Platter Chatter’, The San Francisco Examiner, 1 March, p. 88.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Love, Lucious (2004), in-person interview with S. Aoki, New York City, 28 July.
  37. Maeda, Yoshitake (前田祥丈) ([1978] 2005), ‘“Paraiso” heno shōtaijō wo uketotte’ (‘Receiving the Invitation to “Paradise”’), liner notes in Hosono Haruomi and the Yellow Magic Band, Paraiso, CD, Japan: Sonny Music Entertainment.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Miller, Gerald F. (1952), ‘Japanese Rhumba’, sheet music, Japan: Shinkō Gakufu Shuppansha.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Mitsui, Tōru (1993), ‘The reception of the music of American southern whites in Japan’, in N. Rosenberg (ed.), Transforming Tradition: Folk Music Revivals Examined, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, pp. 27593.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Nakamura, Tōyō (中村とうよう) (1996), ‘Rekishi no kage ni oiyarareta uta’ (‘Songs driven away in the shadow of history’), liner notes in Exotic Japan, CD, Japan: Audi-book.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Nakata, Seiichi (中田整一) (2004), Montenrupa no Yo ha Fukete: Kikotsu no Hito, Watanabe Hamako no Shōgai (‘Deep in the night of Muntinlupa: The life of a lady with fortitude, Hamako Watanabe’), Tokyo: Nihon Hōsō Shuppan Kyōkai.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Nippon Times (1946), ‘Wanted to buy’, Nippon Times, 30 November, p. 3.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Nishimoto, Nobuo and Shimabukuro, George (1951), ‘Japanese Rumba’, composed by J. Miller, 78 rpm, Japan: Columbia.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Oldham, Katharine (1951), ‘Worst thing about Korea is filth, says Lt. Sumner’, The Caledonian Record, 1 September, p. 1.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Pacific Stars and Stripes (1946), ‘GI singer’, Pacific Stars and Stripes, 16 August, p. 2.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Pacific Stars and Stripes (1947), ‘All the bloody vouts join in’, Pacific Stars and Stripes, 7 September, p. 3.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Pacific Stars and Stripes (1948), ‘PX reporter’, Pacific Stars and Stripes, 1 April, p. 2.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Pacific Stars and Stripes (1950a), ‘Airman’s song gaining on poll at Nagoya AB’, Pacific Stars and Stripes, 6 February, p. 2.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Pacific Stars and Stripes (1950b), ‘AAA outfit winner of choral contest’, Pacific Stars and Stripes, 20 June, p. 2.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Pfabe, Jerrald K. (2017), e-mail to author, 15 April.
  51. Phelan, Larry (1953), ‘Sayonara port’, Pacific Stars and Stripes, 28 April, pp. 89.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Pope, Edgar W. (1999), ‘Senji no kayōkyoku ni miru Chūgoku no “tasha” to Nihon no “jiga”’ (‘The Chinese “Other” and the Japanese “Self” in wartime popular songs’), Eureka, 31:4, pp. 20010.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Richie, Elizabeth (2017), ‘My parents had…’, Ginza Kankan Musume, YouTube, 7 September, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJIDlXsO0-g. Accessed 8 September 2021.
  54. Saskatoon Star-Phoenix (1951), ‘Sailor home on leave from Korea’, Saskatoon Star-Phoenix, 15 February, p. 21.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Sheppard, Anthony W. (2019), Extreme Exoticism: Japan in the American Musical Imagination, New York: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Shūkan Heibon (週刊平凡) (1963), ‘Dai-nidan ha “Shina no Yoru”’ (‘The second release is “China Nights”’), Shūkan Heibon, July, p. 58.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Shūkan Josei (週刊女性) (1963), ‘Kyū-chan Amerika wo seihuku-su’ (‘Kyū-chan has conquered America’), Shūkan Josei, 4 September, pp. 12022.
  58. Siemanowski, Ray (1953), ‘Music, sold for a song, now pops top in states’, Pacific Stars and Stripes, 16 April, p. 7.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Sonnichsen, Tyler (2017), ‘Vinyl tourism: Records as souvenirs of underground musical landscape’, Arts and the Market, 7:2, pp. 23548.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Standard-Sentinel (1952), ‘Two troopships home from Korea’, Standard-Sentinel, 9 January, p. 1.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Stumpybear60 (2021), ‘Dad bought this…’, Ginza Kankan Musume, YouTube, 7 September, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJIDlXsO0-g. Accessed 8 September 2021.
  62. Sunday Call-Chronicle (1955), ‘Long delayed popularity in the U.S. comes to song by local ex-G.I., writer of “Japanese Rumba”, big hit in Japan’, Sunday Call-Chronicle, 4 December, p. 24.
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Swanson, Kristen K. and Timothy Dallen, J. (2012), ‘Souvenirs: Icons of meaning, commercialization and commoditization’, Tourism and Management, 33, pp. 48999.
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Takamine, Hideko (高峰秀子) (1949), ‘Ginza Kan Kan Musume’ (‘Ginza Kan Kan Girl’), composed by R. Hattori and T. Saeki, 78 rpm, Japan: Victor.
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Tamashiro, Sam (1946), ‘Japanese recordings production increases’, Pacific Stars and Stripes, 4 December, p. 2.
    [Google Scholar]
  66. The Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune (1956), ‘News notes of local happenings’, The Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune, 18 July, p. 13.
    [Google Scholar]
  67. The Daily Mail (1953), ‘Hillbilly hits’, The Daily Mail, 27 February, p. 5.
    [Google Scholar]
  68. The Evening Herald (1955), ‘Latest song hits’, The Evening Herald, 29 April, p. 3.
    [Google Scholar]
  69. The Kansas City Times (1951), ‘Dance down the gangplank: Korean returnees disembark to tune of “Tokyo Boogie”’, The Kansas City Times, 26 October, p. 38.
    [Google Scholar]
  70. The Norman Transcript (1951), ‘News of Norman and area servicemen’, The Norman Transcript, 18 July, p. 6.
    [Google Scholar]
  71. The Sun-Telegram (1953), ‘Report from orient’, The Sun-Telegram, 7 June, p. 7.
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Timotheus, T. (1953), ‘About town and county’, The Daily Register, 28 July, p. 1.
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Tōya, Mamoru (東谷護) (2005), Shinchūgun Kurabu Kara Kayōkyoku he: Sengo Nihon Popyurā Ongaku no Reimeiki (‘From the U.S. Military Clubs to the popular songs: The dawning period of the popular music in postwar Japan’), Tokyo: Misuzu Shobō.
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Tzortzis, Takis (2016), ‘My father was…’, Vintage Japanese Music – Japanese Rumba, YouTube, 5 September, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVhIp3cdJVQ. Accessed 8 September 2021.
  75. Variety (1953), ‘Disk stampede on for “Gomen-Nasai”’, Variety, 18 February, p. 43.
  76. Waseda, Minako (2004), ‘Looking both ways: GI songs and musical exoticism in post-World War II Japan’, Yearbook for Traditional Music, 36, pp. 14464.
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Weimer, Gary (2013), ‘My dad brought…’, Kasagi Shizuko Tokyo Boogie-Woogie, YouTube, 19 August 2008, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SfpSymF0MI. Accessed 8 September 2021.
  78. Wright, Jim (2017), e-mail to author, 2 August.
  79. Yomiuri Shinbum (読売新聞) (1952), ‘Ate ga hazureta “Shin Tōkyō Ondo”’ (‘“New Tokyo Ondo” disappointing’), Yomiuri Shinbun, evening ed., 9 August, p. 2.
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Yu, Hong (于紅) (2002), ‘Dai-niji Shidehara gaikōki niokeru Chūgoku no koshō mondai: “Shina kyōwakoku kara “Chūka minkoku” he’ (‘The issue on the name of China for the second Shidehara diplomacy: From “Shina Republic” to “Republic of China”’), Ochanomizu Shigaku, 46, pp. 79108.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1386/eapc_00127_1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1386/eapc_00127_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error