Skip to content
1981
Spotlight on Student Scholarship
  • ISSN: 1539-7785
  • E-ISSN: 2048-0717

Abstract

Ancient DNA (aDNA) research has been intertwined with technology since its very beginning. Recognized for its potential to unveil insights into history and evolution, the field has been regarded as ‘revolutionary’ – and even capable of solving a myriad of questions still left open. Yet, critics range from ethical implications of the destruction of human remains – a non-renewable source of biological, cultural and spiritual significance – to the perceived overvaluation of genetics as a more reliable source of knowledge than other disciplines. Additionally, native communities (often sought for these studies) voiced concerns about biocolonialism, emphasizing the potential harm to their identity and both territorial and repatriation claims. Given this context, this article explores possible contributions from Postman’s to the field’s ongoing discussions. What transformations has such technology brought about? Have inequalities been perpetuated (or even exacerbated)? How might understanding media ecology contribute to navigating these complexities, after all?

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • FAPESP (Award 2018/23282-5)
  • CNPq (Award 308856/2022-8)
  • PRINT USP CAPES Exchange (Award PVEJS 16/2020 (88887.569895/2020-00))
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/eme_00211_1
2025-01-31
2025-03-27
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül, Anthony, David, Babiker, Hiba, Bánffy, Eszter, Booth, Thomas, Capone, Patricia, Deshpande-Mukherjee, Arati, Eisenmann, Stefanie, Fehren-Schmitz, Lars, Frachetti, Michael, Fujita, Ricardo, Frieman, Catherine J., Fu, Qiaomei, Gibbon, Victoria, Haak, Wolfgang, Hajdinjak, Mateja, Hofmann, Kerstin P., Holguin, Brian, Inomata, Takeshi, Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Hideaki, Keegan, William, Kelso, Janet, Krause, Johannes, Kumaresan, Ganesan, Kusimba, Chapurukha, Kusimba, Sibel, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, Llamas, Bastien, MacEachern, Scott, Mallick, Swapan, Matsumura, Hirofumi, Morales-Arce, Ana Y., Matuzeviciute, Giedre Motuzaite, Mushrif-Tripathy, Veena, Nakatsuka, Nathan, Nores, Rodrigo, Ogola, Christine, Okumura, Mercedes, Patterson, Nick, Pinhasi, Ron, Prasad, Samayamantri P. R., Prendergast, Mary E., Punzo, Jose Luis, Reich, David, Sawafuji, Rikai, Sawchuk, Elizabeth, Schiffels, Stephan, Sedig, Jakob, Shnaider, Svetlana, Sirak, Kendra, Skoglund, Pontus, Slon, Viviane, Snow, Meradeth, Soressi, Marie, Spriggs, Matthew, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Thangaraj, Kumarasamy, Tiesler, Vera, Tobler, Ray, Wang, Chuan-Chao, Warinner, Christina, Yasawardene, Surangi and Zahir, Muhammad (2021), ‘Ethics of DNA research on human remains: Five globally applicable guidelines’, Nature, 599:7883, pp. 4146.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Argüelles, Juan M., Fuentes, Agustín and Yáñez, Bernardo (2022), ‘Analyzing asymmetries and praxis in aDNA research: A bioanthropological critique’, American Anthropologist, 124:1, pp. 13040.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Austin, Rita M., Sholts, Sabrina B., Williams, LaShanda, Kistler, Logan and Hofman, Courtney A. (2019), ‘To curate the molecular past, museums need a carefully considered set of best practices’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116:5, pp. 147174.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bardill, Jessica (2014), ‘Native American DNA: Ethical, legal, and social implications of an evolving concept’, Annual Review of Anthropology, 43:1, pp. 15566.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bardill, Jessica, Bader, Alyssa C., Garrison, Nanibaa’ A., Bolnick, Deborah A., Raff, Jennifer A, Walker, Alexa and Malhi, Ripan S. Summer internship for INdigenous peoples in Genomics (SING) Consortium (2018), ‘Advancing the ethics of paleogenomics’, Science, 360:6387, pp. 38485.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bolnick, Deborah A., Raff, Jennifer A., Springs, Lauren C., Reynolds, Austin W. and Miró-Herrans, Aida T. (2016), ‘Native American genomics and population histories’, Annual Review of Anthropology, 45:1, pp. 31940.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Booth, Thomas J. (2019), ‘A stranger in a strange land: A perspective on archaeological responses to the palaeogenetic revolution from an archaeologist working amongst palaeogeneticists’, World Archaeology, 51:4, pp. 586601.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Brown, Terence A. and Brown, Keri A. (1994), ‘Ancient DNA: Using molecular biology to explore the past’, BioEssays, 16:10, pp. 71926.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Brown, Terence A., Cappellini, Enrico, Kistler, Logan, Lister, Diane L., Oliveira, Hugo R., Wales, Nathan and Schlumbaum, Angela (2015), ‘Recent advances in ancient DNA research and their implications for archaeobotany’, Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 24, pp. 20714, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-014-0489-4.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Burhansstipanov, Linda and Bemis, Lynne T. (2007), ‘Interactive lesson on the cell’, Californian Journal of Health Promotion, 5:SI, pp. 13946.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Burhansstipanov, Linda, Bemis, Lynne, Dignan, Mark and Dukepoo, Frank (2001), ‘Development of a genetics education workshop curriculum for Native American college and university students’, Genetics, 158:3, pp. 94148.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Callaway, Ewen (2018), ‘Divided by DNA: The uneasy relationship between archaeology and ancient genomics’, Nature, 555:7698, pp. 57376.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Claw, Katrina G., Anderson, Matthew Z., Begay, Rene L., Tsosie, Krystal S., Fox, Keolu and Garrison, Nanibaa’ A; Summer internship for INdigenous peoples in Genomics (SING) Consortium (2018), ‘A framework for enhancing ethical genomic research with Indigenous communities’, Nature Communications, 9:1, p. 2957.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Dignan, Mark B., Burhansstipanov, Linda and Bemis, Lynne (2005), ‘Successful implementation of genetic education for Native Americans workshops at national conferences’, Genetics, 169:2, pp. 51721.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Downes, Stephen M. (2019), ‘The role of ancient DNA research in archaeology’, Topoi, 40:1, pp. 28593.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Fox, Carles L. (1997), ‘Ancient DNA studies and new bioethic problems’, Human Evolution, 12:4, pp. 28790.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Freire, Paulo (1996), Pedagogia da Autonomia: saberes necessários à prática educativa, 77th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Paz & Terra.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Frieman, Catherine J. and Hofmann, Daniela. (2019), ‘Present pasts in the archaeology of genetics, identity, and migration in Europe: A critical essay’, World Archaeology, 51:4, pp. 52845.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Haak, Wolfgang, Lazaridis, Iosif, Patterson, Nick, Rohland, Nadin, Mallick, Swapan, Llamas, Bastien, Brandt, Guido, Nordenfelt, Susanne, Harney, Eadaoin, Stewardson, Kristin, Fu, Qiaomei, Mittnik, Alissa, Bánffy, Eszter, Economou, Christos, Francken, Michael, Friederich, Susanne, Pena, Rafael Garrido, Hallgren, Fredrik, Khartanovich, Valery, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Kunst, Michael, Kuznetsov, Pavel, Meller, Harald, Mochalov, Oleg, Moiseyev, Vayacheslav, Nicklisch, Nicole, Pichler, Sandra L., Risch, Roberto, Rojo Guerra, Manuel A., Roth, Christina, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Wahl, Joachim, Meyer, Matthias, Krause, Johannes, Brown, Dorcas, Anthony, David, Cooper, Alan, Alt, Kurt Werner and Reich, David (2015), ‘Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe’, Nature, 522:7555, pp. 20711.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Jonas, Hans (2006), O princípio responsabilidade: ensaio de uma ética para a civilização tecnológica (trans. M. L. and L. B. Montez), Rio de Janeiro: Contraponto.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Jonas, Hans (2013), Técnica, medicina e ética: sobre a prática do princípio responsabilidade (trans. Grupo de Trabalho Hans Jonas da ANPOF), São Paulo: Paulus.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Jones, Elizabeth D. (2022), Ancient DNA: The Making of a Celebrity Science, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Keeler, Honor (2012), ‘Indigenous international repatriation’, Arizona State Law Journal, 44, pp. 703801.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Mathieson, Iain, Lazaridis, Iosif, Rohland, Nadin, Mallick, Swapan, Patterson, Nick, Roodenberg, Songül Alpaslan, Harney, Eadaoin, Stewardson, Kristin, Fernandes, Daniel, Novak, Mario, Sirak, Kendra, Gamba, Cristina, Jones, Eppie R., Llamas, Bastien, Dryomov, Stanislav, Pickrell, Joseph, Arsuaga, Juan Luís, de Castro, José María Bermúdez, Carbonell, Eudald, Gerritsen, Fokke, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Kuznetsov, Pavel, Lozano, Marina, Meller, Harald, Mochalov, Oleg, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Guerra, Manuel A. Rojo, Roodenberg, Jacob, Vergès, Josep Maria, Krause, Johannes, Cooper, Alan, Alt, Kurt W., Brown, Dorcas, Anthony, David, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, Haak, Wolfgang, Pinhasi, Ron and Reich, David (2015), ‘Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians’, Nature, 528:7583, pp. 499503.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. McLuhan, Marshall (2013), Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, 3rd ed., Berkeley, CA: Gingko Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (1992), Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Act 1992, New Zealand: Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Okumura, Mercedes and Raimundo, Gabriel F. (2021), ‘Paleogenetics and ethics: Some comments on human remains research and ethical challenges in Brazil’, BioAnth Talks, online, 9 July.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Okumura, Mercedes and Raimundo, Gabriel F. (2022), ‘Ancient DNA, ethical practices, and the roles of institutions that hold human remains: Some comments from a Brazilian perspective’, 28th EAA Annual Meeting, Budapest, Hungary, 1 September.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Orlando, Ludovic, Gilbert, M., Thomas, P. and Willerslev, Eske (2015), ‘Reconstructing ancient genomes and epigenomes’, Nature Reviews Genetics, 16:7, pp. 395408.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Postman, Neil (1970), ‘The reformed English curriculum’, in A. C. Eurich (ed.), High School 1980: The Shape of the Future in American Secondary Education, New York: Pitman Publishing Corporation, pp. 16068.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Postman, Neil (1993), Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology, New York: Vintage Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Protected Objects Act 1975 (1975), Section 1A: inserted, on 1 November 2006, by section 6 of the Protected Objects Amendment Act 2006 (2006 No 37), Public Act 1975 No. 41, Wellington: Parliamentary Council Office.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Rasmussen, Morten, Li, Yingrui, Lindgreen, Stinus, Pedersen, Jakob Skou, Albrechtsen, Anders, Moltke, Ida, Metspalu, Mait, Metspalu, Ene, Kivisild, Toomas, Gupta, Ramneek, Bertalan, Marcelo, Nielsen, Kasper, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Wang, Yong, Raghavan, Maanasa, Campos, Paula F., Kamp, Hanne Munkholm, Wilson, Andrew S., Gledhill, Andrew, Tridico, Silvana, Bunce, Michael, Lorenzen, Eline D., Binladen, Jonas, Guo, Xiaosen, Zhao, Jing, Zhang, Xiuqing, Zhang, Hao, Li, Zhuo, Chen, Minfeng, Orlando, Ludovic, Kristiansen, Karsten, Bak, Mads, Tommerup, Niels, Bendixen, Christian, Pierre, Tracey L., Grønnow, Bjarne, Meldgaard, Morten, Andreasen, Claus, Fedorova, Sardana A., Osipova, Ludmila P., Higham, Thomas F. G., Ramsey, Christopher Bronk, Hansen, Thomas V. O., Nielsen, Finn C., Crawford, Michael H., Brunak, Søren, Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas, Villems, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Krogh, Anders, Wang, Jun and Willerslev, Eske (2010), ‘Ancient human genome sequence of an extinct Palaeo-Eskimo’, Nature, 463:7282, pp. 75762.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Reich, David (2018), Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past, New York: Pantheon Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Rocca, Francisco D. F., Russo, María G., Arencibia, Valeria and Seldes, Verónica (2021), ‘Ancient DNA studies: Use of ethnonyms and collaborative research in South America’, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 61:1, p. 101265.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Schroeder, Kari B., Malhi, Ripan S. and Smith, David G. (2006), ‘Opinion: Demystifying Native American genetic opposition to research’, Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews: Issues, News, and Reviews, 15:3, pp. 8892.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Sirak, Kendra A. and Sedig, Jakob W. (2019), ‘Balancing analytical goals and anthropological stewardship in the midst of the paleogenomics revolution’, World Archaeology, 51:4, pp. 56073.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Sørensen, Tim Flohr (2017), ‘The two cultures and a world apart: Archaeology and science at a new crossroads’, Norwegian Archaeological Review, 50:2, pp. 10115.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Squires, Kirsty, Errickson, David and Márquez-Grant, Nicholas (2019), ‘Introduction’, in K. E. D. Squires, and N. Márquez-Grant, (eds), Ethical Approaches to Human Remains: A Global Challenge in Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology, Gewerbestrasse and Cham: Springer, pp. 115.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Strate, Lance (1999), ‘Understanding MEA’, IN MEDIAS RES, 1:1, Inaugural Issue, October.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Tamburrini, Camila, Romero Saihueque, Rubén Ricardo, Dahinten, Silvia Lucrecia, Parolin, María Laura (2023), ‘Comunicación del taller: ciencias genómicas y saberes de los pueblos originarios (Provincia del Chubut, Argentina)’, Revista del Museo de Antropología, 16:3, pp. 7992.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Tsosie, Krystal S., Begay, Rene L., Fox, Keolu, Garrison, Nanibaa’ A. (2020), ‘Generations of genomes: Advances in paleogenomics technology and engagement for Indigenous people of the Americas’, Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 62:1, pp. 9196.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Wagner, Jennifer K., Colwell, Chip, Claw, Katrina G., Stone, Anne C., Bolnick, Deborah A., Hawks, John, Brothers, Kyle B. and Garrison, Nanibaa’ A. (2020), ‘Fostering responsible research on ancient DNA’, The American Journal of Human Genetics, 107:2, pp. 18395.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Walker, Phillip L. (2000), ‘Bioarchaeological ethics: A historical perspective on the value of human remains’, in M. A. Katzenberg and S. R. Saunders (eds), Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, pp. 340.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Wayne, Robert K., Leonard, Jennifer A. and Cooper, Alan (1999), ‘Full of sound and fury: History of ancient DNA’, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 30:1, pp. 45777.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Yáñez, Bernardo, Fuentes, Agustín, Silva, Constanza P., Figueiro, Gonzalo, Menéndez, Lumila P., García-Deister, Vivette, de la Fuente-Castro, Constanza, González-Duarte, Columba, Tamburrini, Camila and Argüelles, Juan M. (2023), ‘Pace and space in the practice of aDNA research: Concerns from the periphery’, American Journal of Biological Anthropology, 180:3, pp. 41722.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Ion, Alexandra (2017), ‘How interdisciplinary is interdisciplinarity? Revisiting the impact of a DNA research for the archaeology of human remains’, Current Swedish Archaeology, 25, pp. 17798.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Kaestle, Frederika A. and Horsburgh, Ann K. (2022), ‘Ancient DNA in anthropology: Methods, applications, and ethics’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 119:S35, pp. 92130.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1386/eme_00211_1
Loading
  • Article Type: Article
Keyword(s): aDNA; ancient DNA; bioethics; ethics; paleogenetics; paleogenomics
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test