A wicked problem: The rising tide of pollution at Ilavalai Beach, Sri Lanka

References

1. Alkire, S. and Deneulin, S. (2009), ‘A normative framework for development’, in S. Deneulin and L. Shahani (eds), An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency, London: Earthscan, pp. 3–21.
   [Google Scholar]
2. Alrubail, R. (2015), ‘Teaching empathy through design thinking’, Edutopia, 2 June, https://www.edutopia.org/blog/teaching-empathy-through-design-thinking-rusul-alrubail. Accessed 22 August 2024.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Appadurai, A. (2004), ‘The capacity to aspire: Culture and the terms of recognition’, in V. Rao and M. Walton (eds), Culture and Public Action, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 59–84.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Anon. (2023a), ‘History in flames: Remembering the burning of Jaffna Library’, Tamil Guardian, 31 May, https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/history-flames-remembering-burning-jaffna-library-2. Accessed 15 July 2024.
5. Anon. (2023b), ‘Unearthing the truth about Sri Lanka’s mass graves’, Groundviews, 25 June, https://groundviews.org/2023/06/25/unearthing-the-truth-about-sri-lankas-mass-graves/. Accessed 9 June 2024.
6. ArtsAction Group (2021), Utopia/Dystopia, exhibition catalogue, Fellbach Haus Centre for Creative Education, Fellbach, 17 March.
   [Google Scholar]
7. ArtsAction Group (2022a), ‘Bus ride sound’, YouTube, 1 April, https://youtu.be/rJJrtcgaI_I. Accessed 22 September 2024.
8. ArtsAction Group (2022b), ‘A walk through the villages’, YouTube, 16 October, https://youtu.be/iuV3IuxgHqw?si=iCswr37jAt96exeR. Accessed 10 July 2024.
   [Google Scholar]
9. ArtsAction Group (2022c), ‘Making the inventions’, YouTube, 1 April, https://youtu.be/tKOXniVxCbA?si=Zo9-8RiZ29wDvRGM. Accessed 10 July 2024.
10. Aturupane, H. (2023), ‘The evolution of the Sri Lankan education system 1948–2023: Challenges and opportunities’, in D. Jayasuriya (ed.), Sri Lanka @75: Perils of Complacency in a Fragile Nation, Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, pp. 34–66, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380638180_Sri_Lanka_Evolution_of_the_Education_System_Over_75_Years. Accessed 4 June 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Baghban, M. (2007), ‘Scribbles, labels, and stories: The role of drawing in the development of writing’, Young Children, 62:1, pp. 20–26, https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ753990. Accessed 6 July 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Becker, C. (ed.) (1994), The Subversive Imagination: Artists, Society & Social Responsibility, New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Bevan, B., Ryoo, J. J., Vanderwerff, A., Petrich, M. and Wilkinson, K. (2017), ‘Making deeper learners: A tinkering learning dimensions framework’, Connected Science Learning, pp. 1–9, https://tinyurl.com/tinkeringlearning. Accessed 7 July 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Bloom, B. (2018), Break Down Workbook #4: Sonic Meditations – Immersive Ecological Entanglement, 2nd ed., Auburn, AL: Breakdown Press.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Canfield, M. (ed.) (2011), Field Notes on Science and Nature, Cambridge,MA: Harvard University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Clammer, J. (2015), Art, Culture and International Development: Humanizing Social Transformation, New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Colucci-Gray, L. and Burnard, P. (eds) (2019), ‘(Re-)configuring STEAM in future-making education’, Why Science and Art Creativities Matter: (Re-)Configuring STEAM for Future-Making Education, Leiden: Brill, pp. 1–13.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Colucci-Gray, L., Burnard, P., Gray, D. and Cooke, C. (2019), ‘A critical review of STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics)’, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education, pp. 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.398.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Cozolino, L. (2015), ‘Foreword’, in N. Hass-Cohen and J. Findlay (eds), Art Therapy and the Neuroscience of Relationships, Creativity and Resiliency: Skills and Practices, New York: Norton, pp. xv–xvii.
    [Google Scholar]
20. de Certeau, M. (1988), The Practice of Everyday Life, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Dissanayake, C. and Ratcliffe, R. (2019), ‘Sri Lanka finds hazardous waste in UK metal recycling cargo’, The Guardian, 25 July, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jul/25/sri-lanka-finds-hazardous-waste-in-uk-metal-recycling-cargo. Accessed 30 September 2024.
22. Durán, A. (2014), ‘Washed Up series’, Ajejandro Duran, n.d., https://alejandroduran.com/washedupphotoseries. Accessed 12 September 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Fleetwood, N. R. (2020), Marking Time: Art in the Age of Mass Incarceration, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Godfrey, J., Gollopeni, R., Holt, A., Maguire, C., McCallum, R. and Simpson, J. (2022), ‘ArtsAction Group: Artful coalitions through socially engaged art’, The Canadian Art Teacher/Enseigner les arts of Canada (CAT), 17:2, pp. 36–49.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Goldbard, A. (2013), The Culture of Possibility: Art, Artists and the Future, San Francisco, CA: Waterlight Press.
    [Google Scholar]
26. Google Earth (2021), Sri Lanka Northern Province, 9°10’41‘N 80°13’48’E, https://earth.google.com/web/search/northern+sri+lanka/@9.17820143,80.23000768,122.83522572a,342374.57889967d,35y. Accessed 3 November 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
27. Guyot, L. (2021), ‘If you become a slave here, do you think they’re going to fight there? Tamil diaspora mobilizations and host-country politics’, South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 27, pp. 25–48, https://doi.org/10.4000/samaj.7665.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Helguera, P. (2011), Education for Socially Engaged Art: A Materials and Techniques Handbook, New York: Jorge Pinto Book.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Hirschman, A. O. (1970), Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
30. Holt, A. and Maguire, C. (eds) (2022), ‘Bringing forth human expression, forming identity, and empowering communities through arts and culture: Who defines it? Who is it for? Who gets to do it?’, in Arts and Culture in Global Development Practice: Expression, Identity, and Empowerment, London: Routledge, pp. 1–16.
    [Google Scholar]
31. hooks, b. (2001), All about Love: New Visions, New York: Harper Collins.
    [Google Scholar]
32. López Fernández-Cao, M., del Río Diéguez, M., Iribas Rudín, A. E., García Lledó, G., Mollá Giner, M., Rigo Vanrell, C., Romero Rodríguez, J., Domínguez Rigo, M. and Navajas Seco, R. (2010), ‘Social functions of art: Educational, clinical, social and cultural settings – Trying a new methodology’, International Journal of Education Through Art, 6:3, pp. 397–412, https://doi/10.1386/eta.6.3.397_1.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Kay, L. and Wolf, D. (2017), ‘Artful coalitions: Challenging adverse adolescent experiences’, Art Education, 70:5, pp. 26–33.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Maguire, C. and Futerman, R. (2023), ‘Design thinking’, Teachers without Borders Burning Issues, 32, https://sh1.sendinblue.com/ankmbwthtxpfe.html?t=1701716610. Accessed 12 June 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
35. Marshall, J. (2021), ‘Contemporary art’, in J. Marshall, C. Stewart and A. Thulson (eds), Teaching Contemporary Art with Young People: Themes in Art for K-12 Classrooms, New York: Teachers College Press, pp. 7–13.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Martinez, S. L. and Stager, G. (2019), Invent to Learn: Making, Tinkering, and Engineering in the Classroom, Torrance, CA: Constructing Modern Knowledge Press.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Mecelicaitem, E. and Simpson, J. (2022), ‘Cross-cultural collaborations through the lens of art therapy: Sri Lanka’, in C. Maguire and A. Holt (eds), Arts and Culture in Global Development Practice: Expression, Identity and Empowerment, London: Routledge, pp. 131–47.
    [Google Scholar]
38. Menashy, F. and Zakharia, Z. (2022), ‘Guiding principles for partnerships in education in emergencies’, Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies, 29 April, https://inee.org/blog/guiding-principles-partnerships-education-emergencies. Accessed 16 July 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
39. Meyers, A. (2017), ‘Wicked’, LinkedIn, 17 February, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/wicked-arlen-meyers-md-mba/. Accessed 9 April 2023.
40. MICRO Museum (n.d.), ‘Micro’, https://micro.ooo/. Accessed 9 September 2024.
41. Nandakumar, V. (2022), ‘In Sri Lanka, the military still runs the show: The international community has a part to play in ending its culture of impunity’, Foreign Policy, 4 August, https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/08/04/sri-lanka-military-power-protests-history/. Accessed 7 August 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Petrie, C. (2012), Report of the Secretary-General’s Internal Review Panel on United Nations Action in Sri Lanka, ST(02)/R425/Sri Lanka, Geneva: United Nations, https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/737299?ln=en&v=pdf. Accessed 2 July 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Riswan, M. (2014), ‘A historical survey of social class and caste system in Sri Lanka’, International Journal of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, 8:1, pp. 40–47.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Saldaña, J. and Omasta, M. (eds) (2017), ‘Analyzing documents, artifacts, and visual materials’, in Qualitative Research: Analyzing Life, Washington, DC: Sage, pp. 63–88.
    [Google Scholar]
45. Schlemmer, R. (2017), ‘Socially engaged art education: Practices, processes, and possibilities’, Art Education, 70:4, pp. 56–59.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Scott-Peck, M. (2003), The Road Less Traveled: A New Psychology of Love, Traditional Values and Spiritual Growth, New York: Simon and Schuster.
    [Google Scholar]
47. Sen, A. (2004), ‘How does culture matter?’, in V. Rao and M. Walton (eds), Culture and Public Action, Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 37–58.
    [Google Scholar]
48. Slat, B. (n.d.), ‘Founder and CEO Boyan Slat’, The Ocean Cleanup, https://theoceancleanup.com/boyan-slat/. Accessed 15 August 2024.
49. Sri Lankan Tamils (2024), Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nallur_Kandaswamy_temple. Accessed 18 June 2024.
50. Taylor, C. (1992), Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
51. Teach Engineering (n.d.), ‘Engineering design process’, https://www.teachengineering.org/populartopics/designprocess. Accessed 15 August 2024.
52. Thottam, J. (2009), ‘Prabhakaran: The life and death of a tiger’, Time, 19 May, https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1899590,00.html. Accessed 22 June 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
53. United States Department of State (DOS) (2019), Country Reports on Terrorism 2019: Sri Lanka, Washington, DC: DOS, https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2019/sri-lanka/. Accessed 9 June 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
54. Welum (n.d.), ‘Artist at UNCED creates fish sculptures out of plastic bottles’, Gallery Room, https://welum.com/creative/artist-at-unced-creates-fish-sculptures-out-of-plastic-bottles/. Accessed 3 November 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
55. Witthoft, S. and Stanford d.school (2022), This is a Prototype: The Curious Craft of Exploring New Ideas, Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press.
    [Google Scholar]
56. Anon. (2021), ‘What are the 4 C’s of the 21st century?’, Engineering for Kids, 15 April, https://www.21c-learning.com/. Accessed 15 July 2024.
57. Anon. (2022), ‘Tsunami victims remembered in the North-East’, Tamil Guardian, 26 December, https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/tsunami-victims-remembered-north-east-1. Accessed 15 July 2024.
58. Anon. (2023), ‘13 bodies uncovered in Mullaitivu mass grave’, Tamil Guardian, 6 July, https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/13-bodies-uncovered-mullaitivu-mass-grave. Accessed 15 July 2024.
59. Balzotti, J. (2016), ‘Storyboarding for invention: Layering modes for more effective transfer in a multimodal composition classroom’, Journal of Basic Writing, 35:1, pp. 63–84, https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ114627. Accessed 6 July 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
60. Bobek, E. and Tversky, B. (2016), ‘Creating visual explanations improves learning’, Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 1:27, pp. 2–14, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41235-016-0031-6. Accessed 7 July 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
61. Common Sense Education (2016), ‘What are the 4Cs?’, YouTube, 12 July, https://youtu.be/QrEEVZa3f98?si=KENGKulFfTpz4qkv. Accessed 14 June 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
62. Engineering Design Process (n.d.), ‘Engineering design process’, https://www.teachengineering.org/populartopics/designprocess. Accessed 12 June 2023.
63. Parliament House of Commons (2023), Sri Lankan Tamils and Human Rights (CDP-02172023), London: House of Commons, https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cdp-2023-0217/. Accessed 8 June 2024.
    [Google Scholar]
64. Product Discovery Methods (n.d.), ‘How to prototype’, https://pdmethods.com/how-to-prototype/. Accessed 15 August 2024.
65. Tuazon, B., O’Key, S. and Simon, D. (2019), ‘Terror in Sri Lanka: A holy day meant for rest and worship turned deadly in Sri Lanka’, CNN, April, https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2019/04/world/sri-lanka-attacks/. Accessed 14 July 2024.
    [Google Scholar]