Skip to content
1981
Volume 11, Issue 3-4
  • ISSN: 2050-0726
  • E-ISSN: 2050-0734

Abstract

Increasingly many studies have provided practical suggestions for fashion YouTubers as fashion information sources, but no research has yet investigated the resources exchanged in the relationships between fashion YouTubers and viewers. Based on interviews with three Korean fashion YouTubers and ten of their viewers, this study examined social support in their relationships. Viewers acquired information from fashion YouTubers and, therefore, experienced informational support. Subsequently, as a sense of belonging to fandom emerged, established mainly by viewers subscribing to a fashion YouTube channel, network support was experienced by both fashion YouTubers and viewers. Along with constant communication, they shared their values and experienced emotional support through mutual empathy. Therefore, this study verified previous theories according to which both informational and emotional exchanges are possible in online relationships. Furthermore, network support was an important process, which may be connected to emotional support, since these relationships were autonomously established by online users.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/fspc_00090_1
2021-08-09
2024-10-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Berkman, L. F., Blumenthal, J., Burg, M., Carney, R. M., Catellier, D., Cowan, M. J., Czajkowski, S. M., De Busk, R., Hosking, J., Jaffe, A., Kaufmann, P. G., Mitchell, P., Norman, J., Powell, L. H., Raczynski, J. M. and Schneiderman, N. (2003), ‘Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: The Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) randomized trial’, JAMA, 289:23, pp. 310616, 10.1001/jama.289.23.3106. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Brissette, I., Cohen, S. and Seeman, T. E. (2000), ‘Measuring social integration and social networks’, in S. Cohen, L. Underwood and B. Gottlieb (eds), Social Support Measurement and Intervention: A Guide for Health and Social Scientists, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 5385.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Brown, J., Broderick, A. J. and Lee, N. (2007), ‘Word of mouth communication within online communities: conceptualizing the online social network’, Journal of Interactive Marketing, 21:3, pp. 220, 10.1002/dir.20082. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Burgoon, J. K. and Hale, J. L. (1987), ‘Validation and measurement of the fundamental themes of relational communication’, Communications Monographs, 54:1, pp. 1941, 10.1080/03637758709390214. Accessed 3 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Carr, C. T., Wohn, D. Y. and Hayes, R. A. (2016), ‘As social support: Relational closeness, automaticity, and interpreting social support from paralinguistic digital affordances in social media’, Computers in Human Behavior, 62:1, pp. 38593, 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.087. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cha, B. K. (2003), Mass Communication Effect Theory, Seoul: Nanam.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Choi, W. and Lee, Y. (2019), ‘Effects of fashion vlogger attributes on product attitude and content sharing’, Fashion and Textiles, 6:6, pp. 118, 10.1186/s40691-018-0161-1. Accessed 19 December 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cobb, S. (1976), ‘Social support as a moderator of life stress’, Psychosomatic Medicine, 38:5, pp. 30014.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Cohen, S. and Hoberman, H. M. (1983), ‘Positive events and social supports as buffers of life change stress 1’, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 13:2, pp. 99125, 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb02325.x. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Coulson, N. S. (2005), ‘Receiving social support online: An analysis of a computer-mediated support group for individuals living with irritable bowel syndrome’, Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 8:6, pp. 58084, 10.1089/cpb.2005.8.580. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Coulson, N. S., Buchanan, H. and Aubeeluck, A. (2007), ‘Social support in cyberspace: A content analysis of communication within a Huntington’s disease online support group’, Patient Education and Counseling, 68:2, pp. 17378, 10.1016/j.pec.2007.06.002. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Coventry, W. L., Gillespie, N. A., Heath, A. C. and Martin, N. G. (2004), ‘Perceived social support in a large community sample: Age and sex differences’, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39:8, pp. 62536, 10.1007/s00127-004-0795-8. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Craig, E. and Wright, K. B. (2012), ‘Computer-mediated relational development and maintenance on Facebook’, Communication Research Reports, 29:2, pp. 11929, 10.1080/08824096.2012.667777. Accessed 19 December 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Cuevas, L. M., Chong, S. M. and Lim, H. (2020), ‘Influencer marketing: Social media influencers as human brands attaching to followers and yielding positive marketing results by fulfilling needs’, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 55:1, pp. 111, 10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102133. Accessed 19 September 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Cunningham, S. and Craig, D. (2017), ‘Being “really real” on YouTube: Authenticity, community and brand culture in social media entertainment’, Media International Australia, 164:1, pp. 7181, 10.1177/1329878X17709098. Accessed 17 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Desanctis, G. and Gallupe, R. B. (1987), ‘A foundation for the study of group decision support systems’, Management Science, 33:5, pp. 589609, 10.12287/mnsc.33.5.589. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Erdogan, B. Z., Baker, M. J. and Tagg, S. (2001), ‘Selecting celebrity endorsers: The practitioner’s perspective’, Journal of Advertising Research, 41:3, pp. 3948, 10.2501/JAR-41-3-39-48. Accessed 16 June 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Etikan, I., Musa, S. A. and Alkassim, R. S. (2016), ‘Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling’, American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5:1, pp. 14, 10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11. Accessed 25 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Garton, L., Haythornthwaite, C. and Wellman, B. (1997), ‘Studying online social networks’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3:1, 10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00062.x. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Giorgi, A. P. (2012), ‘The descriptive phenomenological psychological method’, Journal of Phenomenological psychology, 43:1, pp. 312, 10.1163/156916212X632934. Accessed 13 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hills, M. (2002), Fan Cultures, Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. House, J. S. (1981), Work Stress and Social Support, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Hwang, J. and Kim, E. (2013), ‘The study of relational maintenance behaviors on blog: effects of the type of relationship and perception of similarity’, Korean Society for Journalism and Communication Studies, 57:5, pp. 36895.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Jenkins, H. (2006), Fans, Bloggers, and Gamers: Exploring Participatory Culture, New York: New York University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Kang, J. S., Ko, Y. J. and Ko, I. S. (2009), ‘The impacts of social support and psychological factors on guild members flow and loyalty in MMORPG’, Asia Pacific Journal of Informational Systems, 19:3. pp. 897902, 10.1109/HICSS.2009.438. Accessed 13 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Katz, J. E., Rice, R. E. and Aspden, P. (2001), ‘The internet, 1995–2000: Access, civic involvement, and social interaction’, American Behavioral Scientist, 45:3, pp. 40519, 10.1177/0002764201045003004. Accessed 13 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Kiesler, S., Siegel, J. and McGuire, T. W. (1984), ‘Social psychological aspect of computer-mediated communication’, American Psychology, 39:10, pp. 112334, 10.1037/0003-066X.39.10.1123. Accessed 19 February 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Kim, J. H., An, E. M. and Kim, G. H. (2006), ‘Effect of information directionality and types of information based on tie strength between senders and receivers on senders’ word-of-mouth intention’, Korean Journal of Consumer and Advertising Psychology, 7:1, pp. 93112.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Kim, M. J. and Choi, Y. J. (2012), ‘The role of Twitter on online and offline relationship formation’, Korean Journal of Broadcasting and Telecommunication Studies, 26:1, pp. 4382.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Kim, J. and Lee, J. E. R. (2011), ‘The Facebook paths to happiness: Effects of the number of Facebook friends and self-presentation on subjective well-being’, CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14:6, pp. 35964, 10.1089/cyber.2010.0374. Accessed 15 February 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Krämer, N. C., Rösner, L., Eimler, S. C., Winter, S. and Neubaum, G. (2014), ‘Let the weakest link go! Empirical explorations on the relative importance of weak and strong ties on social networking sites’, Societies, 4:4, pp. 785809, 10.3390/soc4040785. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Lange, P. G. (2007), ‘Publicly private and privately public: social networking on YouTube’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13:1, pp. 36180, 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00400.x. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. LaRose, R., Mastro, D. and Eastin, M. S. (2001), ‘Understanding internet usage: A social-cognitive approach to uses and gratifications’, Social Science Computer Review, 19:4, pp. 395413, 10.1177/089443930101900401. Accessed 17 December 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Lee, S. (2018), ‘Interpassivity of personal webcasting media epoch’, Journal of East Asian Cultures, 73:1, pp. 1127.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Lee, Y. J. (2018), ‘165cm, 62kg … I am South Korea’s first natural size model’, Womennews, 13 November, http://www.womennews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=181766. Accessed 19 January 2020.
  36. Lim, M. S. and Choi, S. B. (2017), ‘Stress caused by social media network applications and user responses’, Multimedia Tools and Applications, 76:17, pp. 1765898, 10.1007/s11042-015-2891-z. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Lin, X., Zhang, D. and Li, Y. (2016), ‘Delineating the dimensions of social support on social networking sites and their effects: A comparative model’, Computers in Human Behavior, 58:1, pp. 42130, 10.1016/j.chb.2016.01.017. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Mardon, R., Molesworth, M. and Grigore, G. (2018), ‘YouTube beauty gurus and the emotional labour of tribal entrepreneurship’, Journal of Business Research, 92:1, pp. 44354, 10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.04.017. Accessed 13 September 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Mason, J. (1996), Qualitative Researching, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Oh, D. (2017), ‘Effects of demographic features, use motives and personality of audience on usage of YouTube’, Journal of Communication Science, 17:4, pp. 12262, 10.14696/jcs.2017.12.17.4.122. Accessed 14 November 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Ohanian, R. (1990), ‘Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers’ perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness’, Journal of Advertising, 19:3, pp. 3952, 10.1080/00913367.1990.10673191. Accessed 19 December 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Park, S. Y. (2020), ‘The content characteristics of social media channels owned by fashion influencers and consumers’ perception of social support’, Ph.D. thesis, Seoul: Seoul National University.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Park, E. G. and Kim, J. H. (2005), ‘The effect of social support in on-line community involvement and self-esteem’, Korean Psychological Association, 19:1, pp. 1325.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Shaw, L. H. and Gant, L. M. (2002), ‘In defense of the internet: the relationship between internet communication and depression, loneliness, self-esteem, and perceived social support’, Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 5:2, pp. 15771, 10.1089/109493102753770552. Accessed 19 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Shin, Y. H. (2019), Fandom 3.0, Seoul: Threechairs.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Simmel, G. (1950), The Sociology of George Simmel, New York: Simon and Schuster.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Song, J. E. and Jang, W. (2013), ‘Developing the Korean wave through encouraging the participation of YouTube users: The case study of the Korean wave youth fans in Hong Kong’, Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 13:4, pp. 15569, 10.5392/JKCA.2013.13.04.155. Accessed 15 September 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Stefanoneee, M. A., Kwon, K. and Lackaff, D. (2012), ‘Exploring the relationship between perceptions of social capital and enacted support online’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 17:4, pp. 45166, 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2012.01585.x. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Swickert, R. J., Hittner, J. B., Harris, J. L. and Herring, J. A. (2002), ‘Relationships among internet use, personality, and social support’, Computers in Human Behavior, 18:4, pp. 43751, 10.1016/S0747-5632(01)00054-1. Accessed 19 December 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Thoits, P. A. (2011), ‘Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health’, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52:2, pp. 14561, 10.1177/0022146510395592. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Tong, S. and Walther, J. B. (2011), ‘Relational maintenance and CMC’, in K. B. Wright and L. M. Webb (eds), Computer-Mediated Communication in Personal Relationships, Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 98118. Accessed 17 December 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Turner, J. H., Beegley, L. and Powers, C. H. (1998), The Emergence of Sociological Theory, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Utz, S. and Breuer, J. (2016), ‘Informational benefits from social media use for professional purposes: Results from a longitudinal study’, Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 10:4, 10.5817/CP2016-4-3. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. van Manen, M. (2016), Phenomenology of Practice: Meaning-Giving Methods in Phenomenological Research and Writing, Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Vedder, P., Boekaerts, M. and Seegers, G. (2005), ‘Perceived social support and well-being in school: The role of students’ ethnicity’, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34:3, pp. 26978, 10.1007/s10964-005-4313-4. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Walther, J. B. (1996), ‘Computer-mediated communication: impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction’, Communication Research, 23:1, pp. 343, 10.1177/009365096023001001. Accessed 2 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Walther, J. B. and Boyd, S. (2002), ‘Attraction to computer-mediated social support’, in C. A. Lin and D. Atkin (eds), Communication Technology and Society: Audience Adoption and Use, Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, pp. 15388.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Walther, J. B. and Burgoon, J. K. (1992), ‘Relational communication in computer-mediated interaction’, Human Communication Research, 19:1, pp. 5088, 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1992.tb00295.x. Accessed 14 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Wellman, B. (2001), ‘Computer networks as social networks’, Science, 293:14, pp. 203134, 10.1126/science.1065547. Accessed 14 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Wellman, B. and Wortley, S. (1990), ‘Different strokes from different folks: Community ties and social support’, American Journal of Sociology, 96:3, pp. 55888.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. White, M. and Dorman, S. M. (2001), ‘Receiving social support online: Implications for health education’, Health Education Research, 16:6, pp. 693707, 10.1093/her/16.6.693. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Whittaker, S., Isaacs, E. and O’Day, V. (1997), ‘Widening the net: Workshop report on the theory and practice of physical and network communities’, ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 29:3, pp. 2730, 10.1145/264853.264867. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Wright, K. (2000), ‘Computer-mediated social support, older adults, and coping’, Journal of Communication, 50:3, pp. 10018, 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02855.x. Accessed 22 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Yang, H., Kim, J. and Seo, M. (2012), ‘Does Facebook enrich our social relations? Examining the relationship among social psychological motivation, Facebook use behavior, and perceived social support’, Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 56:5, pp. 27097.
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Yoon, S. U. (2011), ‘Study on the effect of Twitter user’s use motive on the emotional connectedness, awareness of co-space, reliability of information and emotional intimacy’, Journal of Political Communication, 22:1, pp. 13170, 10.5762/KAIS.2012.13.2.548. Accessed 14 January 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  66. YouTube (n.d.), ‘Channel monentization’, https://studio.youtube.com/channel/UCpG4eApderAlmZhOQ_UI1lQ/monetization. Accessed 20 January 2020.
/content/journals/10.1386/fspc_00090_1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1386/fspc_00090_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error