Consumer acceptance of edible insects and design interventions as adoption strategy | Intellect Skip to content
1981
Volume 4, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 2056-6522
  • E-ISSN: 2056-6530

Abstract

Edible insects are regarded as one of the most sustainable animal protein sources for human consumption, but for western people insects are a rather unusual food ingredient. In the media, however, insect consumption is gaining increasing attention and people are starting to acknowledge insects as a potential source of protein. The eating of insects, ‘entomophagy’, is bringing new insect food companies, ‘ento-preneurs’ to the market, yet current research is still insufficient and relatively fragmented to support the commercialization of insect-based food products. Therefore, more systematic research approaches are needed in this area. This review article introduces the benefits and challenges of insect-eating, discusses the factors that are known to influence consumer acceptance, and categorizes factors including adoption strategies into a framework that can be applied in future consumer studies on entomophagy. In addition, the article introduces three distinctive examples of design interventions to illustrate how design can contribute as a strategy to support the general adoption of insect foods by western consumers.

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Norwegian Research Council NFR (Award 271053/E50)
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The CC BY licence permits commercial and non-commerical reuse.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/ijfd.4.1.39_1
2019-04-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijfd/4/1/ijfd.4.1.39.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1386/ijfd.4.1.39_1&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Baker, M. A.,, Shin, J. T., and Kim, Y. W.. ( 2016;), ‘ An exploration and investigation of edible insect consumption: The impacts of image and description on risk perceptions and purchase intent. ’, Psychology & Marketing, 33:2, pp. 94112.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Barska, A.. ( 2014;), ‘ Attitudes of young consumers towards innovations on the food market. ’, Management, 18:1, pp. 41931.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. BBC ( 2004;), ‘ Locusts rebranded as sky prawns. ’, 22 November, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4032143.stm. Accessed 15 October 2017.
  4. Boer, J. de,, Schösler, H., and Boersema, J.. ( 2013;), ‘ Motivational differences in food orientation and the choice of snacks made from lentils, locusts, seaweed or “hybrid” meat. ’, Food Quality and Preference, 28:1, pp. 3235.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Brambell, F. W.. ( 1965), Report of the Technical Committee to Enquire into the Welfare of Animals Kept under Intensive Livestock Husbandry Systems, London:: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office;.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. BrandNew ( 2017;), ‘ New logo and packaging for Exo by Gander: Pumped for crickets. ’, 22 September, https://www.underconsideration.com/brandnew/archives/new_logo_and_packaging_for_exo_by_gander.php. Accessed 21 December 2018.
  7. BugFoundation ( 2018;), ‘ Deutschlands erster Insekten Burger. ’, https://bugfoundation.com/files/default_theme/content/slider/insectburger_packaging.png. Accessed 21 December 2018.
  8. Collavo, A.,, Glew, R. H.,, Huang, Y. S.,, Chuang, L. T.,, Bosse, R., and Paoletti, M. G.. ( 2005;), ‘ House cricket small-scale farming. ’, in M. G. Paoletti. (ed.), Ecological Implications of Minilivestock: Potential of Insects, Rodents, Frogs and Snails, New Hampshire:: Science Publishers;, pp. 51944.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Davis, L.. ( 2014;), ‘ Should vegetarians consider eating insects?. ’, Practical Ethics: Ethics in the News, University of Oxford;, 24 June, http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2014/06/should-vegetarians-consider-eating-insects/. Accessed 18 October 2018.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Deroy, O.,, Reade, B., and Spence, C.. ( 2015;), ‘ The insectivore’s dilemma, and how to take the West out of it. ’, Food Quality and Preference, 44, pp. 4455.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Dobermann, D.,, Swift, J. A., and Field, L. M.. ( 2017;), ‘ Opportunities and hurdles of edible insects for food and feed. ’, Nutrition Bulletin, 42:4, pp. 293308.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Dudo, A.,, Choi, D. H., and Scheufele, D. A.. ( 2011;), ‘ Food nanotechnology in the news: Coverage patterns and thematic emphases during the last decade. ’, Appetite, 56:1, pp. 7889.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. EFSA ( 2015;), ‘ Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed. ’, EFSA Journal, 13:10, p. 4257.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Engström, A.. ( 2018a), Äta insekter: Entomaten och det stora proteinskiftet, Stockholm:: Pug Förlag;.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Engström, A.. ( 2018b;), ‘ Josh Galt: “I am an entovegan”. ’, BugBurger, 4 April, https://www.bugburger.se/utblick/josh-galt-entovegan/. Accessed 25 October 2018.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. EntoCube ( 2016a;), ‘ Our story. ’, https://entocube.com/en/our-story/. Accessed 1 December 2018.
  17. EntoCube ( 2016b;), ‘ Sirkkapurkki. ’, in e-mail to authors .
  18. EntoNation ( 2018;), ‘ Podcast #50: “With a Little Help from My Friends”. ’, 10 December, https://entonation.com/podcast-29-table-top-farmingkatharina-unger-livin-farms/. Accessed 12 December 2018.
  19. Erens, J.,, Es van, S.,, Haverkort, F.,, Kapsomenou, E., and Luijben, A.. ( 2012), A Bug’s Life: Large-Scale Insect Rearing in Relation to Animal Welfare: Project 1052, Wageningen:: Wageningen University;.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. European Commission ( 2018;), ‘ Summary of ongoing applications and notifications Novel Food. ’, https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/novel_food/authorisations/summary-ongoing-applications-and-notifications_en. Accessed 25 October 2018.
  21. Evira ( 2018;), ‘ Hyönteiset elintarvikkeena (10588). ’, 16 March, https://www.ruokavirasto.fi/globalassets/tietoa-meista/asiointi/oppaat-ja-lomakkeet/yritykset/elintarvikeala/alkutuotanto/eviran_ohje_10588_2_fi.pdf. Accessed 25 October 2018.
  22. Griidy ( 2018;), ‘ Tastes so good, it should be legal. ’, in e-mail to authors.
  23. Halkier, B., and Jensen, I.. ( 2011;), ‘ Methodological challenges in using practice theory in consumption research: Examples from a study on handling nutritional contestations of food consumption. ’, Journal of Consumer Culture, 11:1, pp. 10123.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Halloran, A.,, Roos, N.,, Eilenberg, J.,, Cerutti, A., and Bruun, S.. ( 2016;), ‘ Life cycle assessment of edible insects for food protein: A review. ’, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 36:4, pp. 113.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Hartmann, C., and Siegrist, M.. ( 2016;), ‘ Becoming an insectivore: Results of an experiment. ’, Food Quality and Preference, 51, pp. 11822.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Hartmann, C.,, Shi, J.,, Giusto, A., and Siegrist, M.. ( 2015;), ‘ The psychology of eating insects: A cross-cultural comparison between Germany and China. ’, Food Quality and Preference, 44, pp. 14856.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Hoekstra, A.. ( 2012;), ‘ The hidden water resource use behind meat and dairy. ’, Animal Frontiers, 2:2, pp. 38.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Hoekstra, A. Y., and Mekonnen, M. M.. ( 2012;), ‘ The water footprint of humanity. ’, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 109:9, pp. 323237.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Holt, V. M.. ( 1885), Why Not Eat Insects?, London:: Field & Tuer, Leadenhall Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. House, J.. ( 2016;), ‘ Consumer acceptance of insect-based foods in the Netherlands: Academic and commercial implications. ’, Appetite, 107, pp. 4758.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. House, J.. ( 2018;), ‘ Insects as food in the Netherlands: Production networks and the geographies of edibility. ’, Geoforum, 94, pp. 8293.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Huis, A. van,, Itterbeeck, J. Van,, Klunder, H.,, Mertens, E.,, Halloran, A.,, Muir, G., and Vantomme, P.. ( 2013), Edible Insects: Future Prospects for Food and Feed Security, FAO Forestry Paper 171, Rome:: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations;.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. IPIFF ( 2019), Ensuring High Standards of Animal Welfare in Insect Production, IPIFF International Platform of Insects for Food and Feed;, http://ipiff.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Animal-Welfare-in-Insect-Production-HD.pdf. Accessed 25 February 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Jimini’s ( 2017;), ‘ Le Molitor. ’, in e-mail to authors .
  35. Jongema, Y.. ( 2017;), ‘ Worldwide list of recorded edible insects. ’, Wageningen University and Research;, https://www.wur.nl/en/Research-Results/Chair-groups/Plant-Sciences/Laboratory-of-Entomology/Edible-insects/Worldwide-species-list.htm. Accessed 25 October 2018.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Kauppi, S.-M.. ( 2016;), ‘ Insect economy and marketing: How much and in what way could insects be shown in packaging?. ’, MA thesis, Espoo: Aalto University.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Kostecka, J.,, Konieczna, K., and Cunha, L. M.. ( 2017;), ‘ Evaluation of insect-based food acceptance by representatives of polish consumers in the context of natural resources processing retardation. ’, Journal of Ecological Engineering, 18:2, pp. 16674.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Lensvelt, E. J., and Steenbekkers, L. P.. ( 2014;), ‘ Exploring consumer acceptance of entomophagy: A survey and experiment in Australia and the Netherlands. ’, Ecol Food Nutr, 53:5, pp. 54361.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. LivinFarms ( 2018;), ‘ Mites explosion. ’, Forum , 18 August, https://livinfarms.freeflarum.com/d/61-mites-explosion. Accessed 21 December 2018.
  40. Lockwood, J. A.. ( 2004), Locust: The Devastating Rise and Disappearance of the Insect That Shaped the American Frontier, New York:: Basic Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Looy, H., and Wood, J. R.. ( 2006;), ‘ Attitudes toward invertebrates: Are educational “bug banquets” effective?. ’, The Journal of Environmental Education, 37:2, pp. 3748.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Looy, H.,, Dunkel, F. V., and Wood, J. R.. ( 2014;), ‘ How then shall we eat? Insect-eating attitudes and sustainable foodways. ’, Agriculture and Human Values, 31:1, pp. 13141.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Megido, R. C.,, Gierts, C.,, Blecker, C.,, Brostaux, Y.,, Haubruge, E.,, Alabi, T., and Francis, F.. ( 2016;), ‘ Consumer acceptance of insect-based alternative meat products in Western countries. ’, Food Quality and Preference, 52, pp. 23743.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Megido, R. C.,, Sablon, L.,, Geuens, M.,, Brostaux, Y.,, Alabi, T.,, Blecker, C.,, Drugmand, D.,, Haubruge, E., and Francis, F.. ( 2014;), ‘ Edible insects acceptance by Belgian consumers: Promising attitude for entomophagy development. ’, Journal of Sensory Studies, 29:1, pp. 1420.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Mekonnen, M. M., and Hoekstra, A. Y.. ( 2012;), ‘ A global assessment of the water footprint of farm animal products. ’, Ecosystems, 15:3, pp. 40115.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Miglietta, P. P.,, De Leo, F.,, Ruberti, M., and Massari, S.. ( 2015;), ‘ Mealworms for food: A water footprint perspective. ’, Water, 7:11, pp. 6190203.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Müller, A.,, Evans, J.,, Payne, C. L. R., and Roberts, R.. ( 2016;), ‘ Entomophagy and power. ’, Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 2:2, pp. 12136.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. NutriBug ( 2018;), ‘ Cricket protein pasta. ’, in e-mail to authors.
  49. Offenberg, J.. ( 2011;), ‘ Oecophylla smaragdina food conversion efficiency: Prospects for ant farming. ’, Journal of Applied Entomology, 135:8, pp. 57581.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Oonincx, D. G. A. B., and de Boer, I. J. M.. ( 2012;), ‘ Environmental impact of the production of mealworms as a protein source for humans – A life cycle assessment. ’, Plos One, 7:12, p. e51145.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Oonincx, D. G.,, van Itterbeeck, J.,, Heetkamp, M. J.,, van den Brand, H.,, van Loon, J. J., and Huis, A. van. ( 2010;), ‘ An exploration on greenhouse gas and ammonia production by insect species suitable for animal or human consumption. ’, PLoS One, 5:12, p. e14445.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Piha, S.,, Pohjanheimo, T.,, Lahteenmaki-Uutela, A.,, Kreckova, Z., and Otterbring, T.. ( 2018;), ‘ The effects of consumer knowledge on the willingness to buy insect food: An exploratory cross-regional study in Northern and Central Europe. ’, Food Quality and Preference, 70, pp. 110.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Pilditch, J.. ( 1961), The Silent Salesman: How to Develop Packaging That Sells, London:: Business Publications;.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Pimentel, D.,, Berger, B.,, Filiberto, D.,, Newton, M.,, Wolfe, B.,, Karabinakis, E.,, Clark, S.,, Poon, E.,, Abbett, E., and Nandagopal, S.. ( 2004;), ‘ Water resources: Agricultural and environmental issues. ’, Bioscience, 54:10, pp. 90918.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Ramos-Elorduy, J.. ( 2009;), ‘ Anthropo-entomophagy: Cultures, evolution and sustainability. ’, Entomological Research, 39:5, pp. 27188.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Rozin, P.,, Haidt, J., and McCauley, C.. ( 2008;), ‘ Disgust. ’, in M. Lewis,, J. Haviland-Jones, and L. F. Barret. (eds), Handbook of Emotions, , 3rd ed.., New York:: Guilford;, pp. 75776.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Ruby, M.,, Rozin, P.,, Chan, C.. ( 2015;), ‘ Determinants of willingness to eat insects in the USA and India. ’, Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1:3, pp. 21525.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Rumpold, B. A., and Schluter, O. K.. ( 2013;), ‘ Nutritional composition and safety aspects of edible insects. ’, Mol Nutr Food Res, 57:5, pp. 80223.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Schösler, H.,, de Boer, J., and Boersema, J.. ( 2012;), ‘ Can we cut meat out of the dish? Constructing consumer-oriented pathways towards meat substitution. ’, Appetite, 58:1, pp. 3947.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Schouteten, J. J.,, De Steur, H.,, De Pelsmaeker, S.,, Lagast, S.,, Juvinal, J. G.,, De Bourdeaudhuij, I.,, Verbeke, W., and Gellynck, X.. ( 2016;), ‘ Emotional and sensory profiling of insect-, plant- and meat-based burgers under blind, expected and informed conditions. ’, Food Quality and Preference, 52, pp. 2731.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Shelomi, M.. ( 2015;), ‘ Why we still don’t eat insects: Assessing entomophagy promotion through a diffusion of innovations framework. ’, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 45:2, pp. 31118.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Siegrist, M.. ( 2008;), ‘ Factors influencing public acceptance of innovative food technologies and products. ’, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 19:11, pp. 60308.
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Smil, V.. ( 2002;), ‘ Worldwide transformation of diets, burdens of meat production and opportunities for novel food proteins. ’, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 30:3, pp. 30511.
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Sogari, G.. ( 2015;), ‘ Entomophagy and Italian consumers: An exploratory analysis. ’, Progress in Nutrition, 17:4, pp. 31116.
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Tan, H. S. G.,, Fischer, A. R. H.,, Tinchan, P.,, Stieger, M.,, Steenbekkers, L. P. A., and Trijp, H. C. M. van. ( 2015;), ‘ Insects as food: Exploring cultural exposure and individual experience as determinants of acceptance. ’, Food Quality and Preference, 42:78&89, pp. 7889.
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Tan, H. S. G.,, Fischer, A. R. H.,, Trijp, H. C. M. van, and Stieger, M.. ( 2016;), ‘ Tasty but nasty? Exploring the role of sensory-liking and food appropriateness in the willingness to eat unusual novel foods like insects. ’, Food Quality and Preference, 48, pp. 293302.
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Tan, H. S. G.,, Verbaan, Y. T., and Stieger, M.. ( 2017;), ‘ How will better products improve the sensory-liking and willingness to buy insect based foods?. ’, Food Research International, 92, pp. 95105.
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Taponen, I.. ( 2017;), ‘ How we changed the legal environment of our startups. ’, Ilkka Taponen;, 22 October, https://ilkkataponen.com/2017/10/22/how-we-changed-the-legal-environment-of-our-startups/2018. Accessed 1 December 2018.
    [Google Scholar]
  69. ThailandUnique ( 2018;), ‘ Cricket four. ’, in e-mail to authors .
  70. Verbeke, W.. ( 2015;), ‘ Profiling consumers who are ready to adopt insects as a meat substitute in a Western society. ’, Food Quality and Preference, 39, pp. 14755.
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Verneau, F.,, La Barbera, F.,, Kolle, S.,, Amato, M.,, Del Giudice, T., and Grunert, K.. ( 2016;), ‘ The effect of communication and implicit associations on consuming insects: An experiment in Denmark and Italy. ’, Appetite, 106, pp. 3036.
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Weijo, H. A.,, Martin, D. M., and Arnould, E. J.. ( 2018;), ‘ Consumer movements and collective creativity: The case of restaurant day. ’, Journal of Consumer Research, 45:2, pp. 25174.
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Yang, Y.,, Yang, J.,, Wu, W.-M.,, Zhao, J.,, Song, Y.,, Gao, L.,, Yang, R., and Jiang, L.. ( 2015;), ‘ Biodegradation and mineralization of polystyrene by plastic-eating mealworms: Part 1: Chemical and physical characterization and isotopic tests. ’, Environmental Science & Technology, 49:20, pp. 1208086.
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Yates-Doerr, E.. ( 2015;), ‘ The world in a box? Food security, edible insects, and “One World, One Health” collaboration. ’, Social Science & Medicine, 129, pp. 10612.
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Kauppi, S-M.,, Pettersen, I. N., and Boks, C.. ( 2019;), ‘ Consumer acceptance of edible insects and design interventions as adoption strategy. ’, International Journal of Food Design, 4:1, pp. 3962, doi: 10.1386/ijfd.4.1.39_1
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1386/ijfd.4.1.39_1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1386/ijfd.4.1.39_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error