Skip to content
1981
Co-Creating Sustainable Food Systems
  • ISSN: 2056-6522
  • E-ISSN: 2056-6530

Abstract

The food system in Vietnam is changing whilst the middle class is growing. Agri-food smallholders have the strengths of responding to the changing needs of the middle class by offering freshness, proximity and convenience but they also face increasing competition from larger and international firms. At the same time, issues with food safety are prevalent and a rising concern among consumers. For this study we completed sixteen co-creation workshops between local agri-food smallholders and consumers. The goal of these workshops was to explore the value of participatory processes, non-hierarchical decision making and creativity for smallholder firms in Vietnam through co-creation workshops focused on sustainability. The outcomes show that the workshops can stimulate customer understanding and participatory processes among the smallholder businesses, but creativity in the form of novel ideas less so. The workshops did not result in directly feasible or manageable product and service concepts. The topic of sustainable food opened a dialogue: insights between the firms and customers on this topic were mutually rich. The outcomes suggest that co-creation workshops can create a sense of community and urgency for sustainability. In the future, the challenge for smallholders is to invest in participatory processes with a long-term view on sustainability as well as come to practical design outcomes on the short term.

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • EU SWITCH-Asia Program
  • GetGreen Vietnam project
This article is Open Access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND), which allows users to copy, distribute and transmit the article as long as the author is attributed, the article is not used for commercial purposes, and the work is not modified or adapted in any way. To view a copy of the licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/ijfd_00056_1
2023-04-17
2025-06-17
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijfd/8/2/ijfd.8.2.155_de-Koning.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1386/ijfd_00056_1&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Anon. (2016), Co-Design and Sustainable Food in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City: The Asian Institute of Technology Viet Nam.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Auh, S., Bell, S. J., McLeod, C. S. and Shih, E. (2007), ‘Co-production and customer loyalty in financial services’, Journal of Retailing, 83:3, pp. 35970.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Berthet, E. T., Hickey, G. M. and Klerkx, L. (2018), ‘Opening design and innovation processes in agriculture: Insights from design and management sciences and future directions’, Agricultural Systems, 165, pp. 11115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.06.004.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bettencourt, L. A. (1997), ‘Customer voluntary performance: Customers as partners in service delivery’, Journal of Retailing, 73:3, pp. 383406.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Dong, B., Evans, K. R. and Zou, S. (2008), ‘The effects of customer participation in co-created service recovery’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36:1, pp. 12337.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Ehn, P. (1993), ‘Scandinavian design: On participation and skill’, in D. Schuler and A. Namioka (eds), Participatory Design principles and Practices, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 4177.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Faltmann, N. K. (2019), ‘Between food safety concerns and responsibilisation: Organic food consumption in Ho Chi Minh City’, in J. Ehlert and N. Faltmann (eds), Food Anxiety in Globalising Vietnam, Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 167204.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Figuié, M., Moustier, P., Bricas, N. and Nguyen, T. T. L. (2019), ‘Trust and food modernity in Vietnam’, in J. Ehlert and N. Faltmann (eds), Food Anxiety in Globalising Vietnam, Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 13965.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. File, K. M., Judd, B. B. and Prince, R. A. (1992), ‘Interactive marketing: The influence of participation on positive word-of-mouth and referrals’, Journal of Services Marketing, 6:4, pp. 514.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Gregg, E. S., Colton, J., Matin, M. A. and Krupnik, T. J. (2020), ‘Efficient and participatory design of scale-appropriate agricultural machinery workshops in developing countries: A case study in Bangladesh’, Development Engineering, 5, November, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.deveng.2019.100046.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Gulari, M. N., Boru, A. and Malins, J. (2011), ‘Towards an evolutionary understanding on the success of participatory design’, in A. Kovacevic, W. Ion, C. McMahon, L. Buck and P. Hogarth (eds), Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE 2011), City University, London, UK, 8–9 September, London and Glasgow: Design Society, pp. 72126, https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/248365/towards-an-evolutionary-understanding-on-the-success-of-participatory-design. Accessed 26 October 2016.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Ha, T. M., Shakur, S. and Pham Do, K. H. (2019), ‘Consumer concern about food safety in Hanoi, Vietnam’, Food Control, 98, November, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.031.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hoi, P. V, Mol, A. P. J., Oosterveer, P., van den Brink, P. J. and Huong, P. T. M. (2016), ‘Pesticide use in Vietnamese vegetable production: A 10-year study’, International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 14:3, pp. 32538, https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2015.1134395.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. IDEO (2015), The Field Guide to Human-Centred Design, San Francisco, CA: IDEO.org.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Kouprie, M. and Visser, F. S. (2009), ‘A framework for empathy in design: Stepping into and out of the user’s life’, Journal of Engineering Design, 20:5, pp. 43748.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Lanier, C. (2013), ‘Food sentry releases preliminary analysis on international food safety violations’, 3 April, https://www.prweb.com/releases/foodsafety/foodsentry/prweb10594602.htm. Accessed 23 July 2020.
  17. Lelieveldt, H., Dekker, K., Völker, B. and Torenvlied, R. (2009), ‘Civic organizations as political actors: Mapping and predicting the involvement of civic organizations in neighborhood problem-solving and coproduction’, Urban Affairs Review, 45:1, pp. 324.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Mattelmäki, T. and Visser, F. S. (2011), ‘Lost in CO-X’, in N. F. M. Roozenburg, L. L. Chen and P. J. Stappers (eds), Diversity and Unity: Proceedings of IASDR2011, the 4th World Conference on Design Research, Delft, the Netherlands, 31 October–4 November, Delft: TU DElft/IASDR.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Mergenthaler, M., Weinberger, K. and Qaim, M. (2009), ‘Consumer valuation of food quality and food safety attributes in Vietnam’, Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 31:2, pp. 26683, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9353.2009.01437.x.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Meynard, J.-M., Jeuffroy, M.-H. and Le Bail, M. (2017), ‘Designing coupled innovations for the sustainability transition of agrifood systems’, Agricultural Systems, 157, pp. 33039, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.08.002.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Moustier, P. and Loc, N. T. T. (2015), ‘The role of proximity and standards in guaranteeing vegetable safety in Vietnam’, World Food Policy, 2:1, pp. 5277.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Nguyen-Viet, H., Chotinun, S., Schelling, E., Widyastuti, W., Viet Khong, N., Kakkar, M., Beeche., A., Jing, F., Khamlome, B., Tum, S. and Adisasmito, W. (2017a), ‘Reduction of antimicrobial use and resistance needs sectoral-collaborations with a one health approach: Perspectives from Asia’, International Journal of Public Health, 62, pp. 35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-016-0933-6.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Nguyen-Viet, H., Tuyet-Hanh, T. T., Unger, F., Dang-Xuan, S. and Grace, D. (2017b), ‘Food safety in Vietnam: Where we are at and what we can learn from international experiences’, Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 6:39, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-017-0249-7.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Nguyen, N. T. H. and Dang, H. T. (2020), ‘Adaptation of “participatory method” in design “for/with/by” the poor community in Tam Thanh, Quang Nam, Vietnam’, Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9:3, pp. 27282, https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-01-2019-0012.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Prahalad, C. K. and Ramaswamy, V. (2002), ‘The co-creation connection’, Strategy + Business, 27, pp. 112.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Raneri, J. E., Kennedy, G., Nguyen, T., Wertheim-Heck, S., Do, H., Stef, de H. and Nguyen, P. H. (2019), ‘Determining key research areas for healthier diets and sustainable food systems in Viet Nam’, IFPRI discussion paper 1872, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133433.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Roser, T., Samson, A., Cruz-Valdivieso, E. and Humphreys, P. (2009), Co-Creation: New Pathways to Value – An Overview, Promise white paper, London: LSE Enterprise, http://www.promisecorp.com/documents/COCREATION_REPORT.pdf.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Ryan, B. (2012), ‘Co-production: Option or obligation?’, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 71:3, pp. 31424.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Sandberg, F. (2012), ‘Co-creating collaborative food service opportunities through work context maps’, in P. J. Tossavainen, M. Harjula and S. Holmlid (eds), Proceedings of the 3rd Nordic Conference on Service Design and Service Innovation (ServDes), Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Espoo, Finland, 8–18 February, Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, pp. 19.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. USAID (2015), National Opinion Survey 2015, Hanoi: United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Van Rijn, H., Bahk, Y., Stappers, P. J. and Lee, K.-P. (2006), ‘Three factors for context mapping in East Asia: Trust, control and nunchi’, CoDesign, 2:3, pp. 15777.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Voorberg, W. H., Bekkers, V. J. J. M. and Tummers, L. G. (2015), ‘A systematic review of co-creation and co-production: Embarking on the social innovation journey’, Public Management Review, 17:9, https://www.doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2014.930505.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Wertheim-Heck, S. C. O., Raneri, J. and Oosterveer, P. J. M. (2019), ‘Food safety and nutrition for low-income urbanites: Exploring a social justice dilemma in consumption policy’, Environment and Urbanization, 31:2, pp. 397420, https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247819858019.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Wertheim-Heck, S. C. O., Vellema, S. and Spaargaren, G. (2014), ‘Constrained consumer practices and food safety concerns in Hanoi’, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 38:4, pp. 32636, https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12093.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. World Bank (2020), ‘The World Bank in Vietnam, country overview’, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/vietnam/overview. Accessed 3 July 2020.
  36. Yasuoka, M. and Sakurai, R. (2012), ‘Out of Scandinavia to Asia: Adaptability of participatory design in culturally distant society’, in ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 2, August, pp. 2124, https://doi.org/10.1145/2348144.2348152.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1386/ijfd_00056_1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1386/ijfd_00056_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test