Skip to content
1981
Volume 25, Issue 3
  • ISSN: 1368-2679
  • E-ISSN: 1758-9142

Abstract

This article aims to uncover the colonial character of the statement ‘on est tous métis’ (‘we’re all mixed-race’) in Kanaky/New Caledonia, a racially and politically polarized space where there is an ongoing struggle for independence led by Indigenous Kanak people. It uses data gathered in semi-structured interviews with self-identified ‘mixed-raced’ people during a six-month stay in Kanaky/New Caledonia before and after the November 2018 referendum for independence. It also uses ethnographic material and, more specifically, encounters with the figure of the ‘mixed-race’ person in political debates, campaigns as well as art and media that signal an investment in the idea that, in Kanaky/New Caledonia, ‘we are all mixed-race’. The article exposes the political discourse of multiracialism as exclusionary and as a mechanism of Indigenous disappearance in the settler colonial context. It also sheds light on the way in which settler anxiety feeds the multiracial discourse. In challenging and deconstructing the orientations towards a multiracial or métis.se future, that individuals and institutions imagine, wish or advocate for, the article aims to call for a desolidarization from modes of thinking and being that support the French colonial project, even when it masks itself as inclusive.

Résumé

Cet article vise à dévoiler le caractère colonial de l’énoncé ‘on est tous métis.ses’ en Kanaky/Nouvelle-Calédonie, un espace racialement et politiquement polarisé où se joue une lutte permanente pour l’indépendance menée par le peuple autochtone kanak. Il utilise des données recueillies lors d’entretiens semi-structurés avec des personnes qui s’identifient comme ‘métisses’ lors d’un séjour de 6 mois en Kanaky/Nouvelle-Calédonie avant et après le référendum d’indépendance de novembre 2018. Le papier utilise également des données ethnographiques et, plus précisément, des rencontres avec la figure du et de la ‘métis.se’ dans les débats politiques, les campagnes mais aussi l’art et les médias qui signalent un investissement dans l’idée qu’en Kanaky/Nouvelle-Calédonie, ‘nous sommes tou.tes métis.ses’. L’article expose le discours politique du multiracialisme comme un mécanisme d’exclusion et de disparition des autochtones dans un contexte de colonisation de peuplement. Il éclaire également la manière dont l’angoisse des colons alimente le discours multiracial. En remettant en question et en déconstruisant les orientations vers un avenir multiracial ou métis, qu’imaginent, souhaitent ou défendent les individus et les institutions, l’article vise à appeler à une désolidarisation des modes de pensée et d’être qui soutiennent le projet colonial français, même lorsqu’il se présente comme inclusif.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/ijfs_00051_1
2023-05-05
2025-02-09
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Ahmed, Sara. ( 2007;), ‘ Multiculturalism and the promise of happiness. ’, New Formations, 63:1, pp. 12137.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Ang, Ien. ( 2001), On Not Speaking Chinese: Living Between Asia and the West, London and New York:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Angleviel, Frédéric. ( 2008;), ‘ Trois millénaires de migrations et de métissages en Nouvelle-Calédonie: Réalité biologique et déficit culturel. ’, International Journal of Francophone Studies, 11:4, pp. 52337.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Anova, Apollinaire. ( 1984), Calédonie d’hier, Calédonie d’aujourd’hui, Calédonie de demain, Nouméa:: Edipop;.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Arvin, Arvin. ( 2015;), ‘ Acting like a White person acting like a native: Ghostly performances of global indigeneity. ’, Critical Ethnic Studies, 1:1, pp. 10316.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Arvin, Arvin. ( 2019), Possessing Polynesians: The Science of Settler Colonial Whiteness in Hawai’i and Oceania, Durham, NC and London:: Duke University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Arvin, Maile. ( 2020;), ‘ Possessions of Whiteness: Settler colonialism and anti-Blackness in the Pacific. ’, in T. Lethabo King,, J. Navarro, and A. Smith. (eds), Otherwise Worlds: Against Settler Colonialism and Anti-Blackness, Durham, NC and London:: Duke University Press;, pp. 21317.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Arvin, Maile,, Tuck, Eve, and Morrill, Angie. ( 2013;), ‘ Decolonizing feminism: Challenging connections between setter colonialism and heteropatriarchy. ’, Feminist Formations, 25:1, pp. 834.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Back, Les, and Quaade, Vibeke. ( 1993;), ‘ Dream utopias, nightmare realities: Imagining race and culture within the world of Benetton advertising. ’, Third Text, 22:7, pp. 6580.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Banaré, Eddy. ( 2016;), ‘ D/Ecrire une ville: Géocritique de Nouméa à partir de brèches romanesques. ’, International Journal of Francophone Studies, 19:3&4, pp. 30119.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Brown, Peter. ( 2005;), ‘ From exclusion and alienation to a “multi-racial community”: The image of the métis in New Caledonian literature. ’, International Journal of Francophone Studies, 8:3, pp. 30520.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Camiscioli, Elisa. ( 2009), Reproducing the French Race: Immigration, Intimacy, and Embodiment in the Early Twentieth Century, Durham, NC and London:: Duke University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Chanter, Alaine. ( 1996;), ‘ Contested identity: The media and independence in New Caledonia during the 1980s. ’, Ph.D. thesis, Canberra:: The Australian National University.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Chappell, David. ( 1999;), ‘ The Noumea Accord: Decolonization without independence in New Caledonia?. ’, Pacific Affairs, 72:3, pp. 37391.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Chappell, David. ( 2015;), ‘ Decolonisation and nation-building in New Caledonia: Reflections on the 2014 elections. ’, Political Science, 67:1, pp. 5672.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Chappell, David. ( 2017;), ‘ Settler colonialism in New Caledonia, 1853 to the present. ’, in E. Cavanagh, and L. Veracini. (eds), The Routledge Handbook of the History of Settler Colonialism, London and New York:: Routledge;, pp. 40924.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Chivot, Max. ( 1994;), ‘ Essai pseudo-scientifique sur les spécificité sociales et culturelles des Calédoniens. ’, in Collectif (ed.), Être Caldoche Aujourd’hui, Nouméa:: Île de Lumière;, pp. 95112.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Connell, John. ( 2002;), ‘ New Caledonia: An infinite pause in decolonization?. ’, The Round Table, 92:368, pp. 12543.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. CTOS ( 2022;), ‘ Les Cagous: valeurs et engagements. ’, https://ctos.nc/etre-un-cagou/. Accessed 5 September 2022.
  20. CyciFox ( 2014;), ‘ Danse Kanak: Canala 2014: Le Cagou de Canala. ’, YouTube, 21 July, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mBmzXkSzkI. Accessed 6 September 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Duong-Pedica, Anaïs. ( forthcoming;), ‘ Mixed-race Kanak in “a world cut in two”: Contemporary experiences in Kanaky/New Caledonia. ’, Journal of Critical Mixed Race Studies, Special Issue: ‘Mixedness and Indigeneity in the Pacific’.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Edelman, Lee. ( 2004), No Future: Queer Theory and the Death Drive, Durham, NC and London:: Duke University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Erouard-Siad, Patrick. ( 1988;), ‘ Aux Îles Loyauté. ’, Lignes, 1:2, pp. 24449.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Hall, Stuart. ( 2000;), ‘ Conclusion: The multi-cultural question. ’, in B. Hesse. (ed.), Un/Settled Multiculturalisms: Diaspora, Entanglements, Transruptions, London and New York:: Zed Books;, pp. 20941.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Haritaworn, Jinthana. ( 2012), The Biopolitics of Mixing: Thai Multiracialities and Haunted Ascendancies, New York:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. hooks, bell. ( 1992), Black Looks: Race and Representation, Boston, MA:: South End Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. hooks, bell. ( 1996), Killing Rage: Ending Racism, New York:: Henry Holt & Company;.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Jandot, Kim. ( 2022;), ‘ “Je viens d’ici et d’ailleurs”. ’, Actu.nc, 427, 16 February, https://actu.nc/grand-angle/-je-viens-dici-et-dailleurs-. Accessed 11 March 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Jolly, Margaret. ( 2007;), ‘ Oceanic hauntings?: Race–culture–place between Vanuatu and Hawai’i. ’, Journal of Intercultural Studies, 28:1, pp. 99112.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Kohler, Jean-Marie. ( 1987), Colonie ou Démocratie: Eléments de Sociologie Politique sur la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa:: EDIPOP;.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Laboureur, Estelle, and Carteron, Benoît. ( 2014;), ‘ Se Définir Caldoche et Métis en Nouvelle-Calédonie: Complexité Identitaire et Clivages Politiques. ’, L’altérité et l’identité à l’épreuve de la fluidité, Paris, France:, 17–18 November.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Lecornu, Sébastien. ( 2020;), ‘ Mon objectif était de renouer le dialogue. ’, interview by B. Ziegler, 5 November, Actu.nc, https://www.medef.nc/sites/default/files/actualites/201130pigepressemedefncnov-part2.pdf. Accessed 11 March 2023.
  33. Le Meur, Pierre-Yves. ( 2017;), ‘ Le destin commun en Nouvelle-Calédonie: Entre projet national, patrimoine minier et désarticulations historiques. ’, Mouvements, 91:3, pp. 3545.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. LeFevre, Tate A.. ( 2013a;), ‘ Creating Kanaky: Indigeneity, youth and the cultural politics of the possible. ’, Ph.D. thesis, New York:: New York University.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. LeFevre, Tate A.. ( 2013b;), ‘ Turning niches into handles: Kanak youth, associations and the construction of an indigenous counter-public sphere. ’, Settler Colonial Studies, 3:2, pp. 21429.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Mackey, Eva. ( 2014;), ‘ Unsettling expectations: (Un)certainty, settler states of feeling, law, and decolonization. ’, Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 29:2, pp. 23552.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Mackey, Eva. ( 2016), Unsettled Expectations: Uncertainty, Land and Settler Decolonization, Halifax and Winnipeg:: Fernwood Publishing;.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Maclellan, Nic. ( 1999;), ‘ The Noumea Accord and decolonisation in New Caledonia. ’, The Journal of Pacific History, 34:3, pp. 24552.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Mahtani, Minelle, and Moreno, April. ( 2001;), ‘ Same difference: Towards a more unified discourse in “mixed race” theory. ’, in D. Parker, and M. Song. (eds), Rethinking ‘Mixed Race’, London:: Pluto Press;, pp. 6575.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Makalani, Minkah. ( 2003;), ‘ Rejecting blackness and claiming whiteness: Antiblack whiteness in the biracial project. ’, in A. W. Doane, and E. Bonilla-Silva. (eds), White Out: The Continuing Significance of Racism, New York:: Routledge;, pp. 8194.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Matsuda, Matt K.. ( 2005), Empire of Love: Histories of France and the Pacific, Oxford:: Oxford University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. McGavin, Kirsten. ( 2016;), ‘ Where do you belong? Identity, New Guinea islanders, and the power of Peles. ’, Oceania, 86:1, pp. 5774.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Merlo, Jean. ( 1985), Le problème des kanak en Nouvelle-Calédonie, Paris:: Institut Oecuménique pour le Développement des Peuples;.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Mills, Charles W.. ( 1997), The Racial Contract, Ithaca, NY and London:: Cornell University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Mokaddem, Hamid. ( 2013;), ‘ Kanaky ou Nouvelle-Calédonie, souveraineté et indépendance dans l’ère post-coloniale. ’, Revue Asylon(s), 11, http://www.reseau-terra.eu/article1284.html. Accessed 31 March 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Mokaddem, Hamid. ( 2017;), ‘ Kanaky-New Caledonia, towards a sovereign future. ’, The Funambulist, 9, January–February, pp. 2427, https://thefunambulist.net/magazine/09-islands/kanaky-new-caledonia-towards-sovereign-future-hamid-mokaddem. Accessed 11 March 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Mokaddem, Hamid. ( 2018a;), ‘ L’Accord de Nouméa: Pratique de Discours et Forclusion de la Souveraineté de Kanaky. ’, Journal de la Société des Océanistes, 147:2, pp. 31928.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Mokaddem, Hamid. ( 2018b;), ‘ Logique de l’imaginaire clivé entre Kanaky et Nouvelle-Calédonie. ’, in H. Mokaddem,, S. Robertson, and I. Sykes. (eds), La Nouvelle-Calédonie et l’imagination intellectuelle, Paris:: L’Harmattan;, pp. 15178.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Moreton-Robinson, Aileen. ( 2007;), ‘ Writing off Indigenous sovereignty: The discourse of security and patriarchal White sovereignty. ’, in A. Moreton-Robinson. (ed.), Sovereign Subjects: Indigenous Sovereignty Matters, Crows Nest:: Allen & Unwin;, pp. 86104.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Moreton-Robinson, Aileen. ( 2015), The White Possessive: Property, Power, and Indigenous Sovereignty, Minneapolis, MN:: University of Minnesota Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Muckle, Adrian. ( 2009;), ‘ No more violence nor war. ’, The Journal of Pacific History, 44:2, pp. 17994.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Muckle, Adrian, and Trépied, Benoît. ( 2017;), ‘ The transformation of the “Métis Question” in New Caledonia 1853–2009. ’, in F. Fozdar, and K. McGavin. (eds), Mixed Race Identities in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, New York:: Routledge;, pp. 11632.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Naisseline, Nidoïsh. ( 1971;), ‘ Des canaques contre le racisme français. ’, Esprit, July, 403, https://esprit.presse.fr/article/esprit/des-canaques-contre-le-racisme-francais-18857. Accessed 20 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. NC1ère ( 2018;), ‘ Meeting du Mont Dore. ’, FLNKS Officiel, 3 September, https://www.facebook.com/FLNKSOfficiel/videos/1522580334554071. Accessed 5 September 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. NC1ère ( 2019;), ‘ [REPLAY] Provinciales 2019: le débat de la Province Sud. ’, 8 May, https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/nouvellecaledonie/emissions/provinciales-2019/provinciales-2019-debat-province-sud-708043.html. Accessed 7 September 2022.
  56. NC1ère ( 2020;), ‘ Débat Référendum 10 Septembre 2020. ’, 17 September, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CGj-SJCiMA. Accessed 11 March 2023.
  57. Neaoutyine, Paul. ( 2006), L’Indépendance au Présent: Identité Kanak et Destin Commun, Paris:: Syllepse;.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Népamoindou, Gaëlle. ( 2022;), ‘ Facebook post. ’, Facebook, 16 August, https://www.facebook.com/gaelle.roussel/posts/pfbid02wdqoHX4ZWMRzaWvYCMwkUS2Xe68B3XQXy4a7VPoYAduDC1TUmn5U5WPAMEcx9hvpl. Accessed 24 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. New Caledonia Tourism Office ( 2022;), ‘ 10 reasons to visit New Caledonia. ’, newcaledonia.travel/en/why-new-caledonia. Accessed 5 September 2022.
  60. Nirikani, Florenda. ( 2018;), ‘ Référendum en Nouvelle-Calédonie. ’, AJ+ français, 26 October, https://www.facebook.com/watch/?ref=saved&v=1973430999406549. Accessed 5 September 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Ounei, Susanne. ( 1985;), ‘ The Kanak people’s struggle for independence in New Caledonia. ’, Tok Blong SPFF, July, http://pacificpeoplespartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/12-Tok-Blong-SPPF-12-July-1985-m.pdf. Accessed 5 August 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Passa, Jone. ( 2017;), ‘ 9: La Nouvelle-Calédonie, une société pluriculturelle?. ’, L’avenir institutionnel de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 17–18 November, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOVzv_L2iac. Accessed 11 March 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Passa, Jone. ( 2019;), ‘ Être Parents en Nouvelle-Calédonie. ’ (recorded lecture), Séminaire Nouveaux Arrivants, Vice-rectorat: direction générale des enseignements de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 27 March, https://vimeo.com/326941591. Accessed 11 March 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Passa, Jone. ( 2021;), ‘ Une lutte en quête de sens face à une jeunesse en quête de reconnaissance. ’, interview by L. V. de Kanaky, January–February, La Voix de Kanaky, 23, https://www.fliphtml5.com/bxbqk/tukv. Accessed 11 March 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Pauleau, Christine. ( 1997;), ‘ Calédonien et caldoche. ’, Mots, 54, pp. 4865.
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Perrochaud, Angélina,, Hébert, Pascal, and Wélépa, Pierre. ( 2018;), ‘ Vers un Dialogue Décolonial au Pays du Non-dit. ’, in M. Altamimi,, T. Dor, and N. Guénif-Souilamas. (eds), Rencontres Radicales: Pour des Dialogues Féministes Décoloniaux, Paris:: Cambourakis;, pp. 26183.
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Pourawa, Denis. ( 2022;), personal communication. , 21 August.
  68. Ravenscroft, Alison. ( 2004;), ‘ Anxieties of dispossession: History, whiteness and the war in Viet Nam. ’, in A. Moreton-Robinson. (ed.), Whitening Race: Essays in Social and Cultural Criticism, Canberra:: Aboriginal Studies Press;, pp. 316.
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Rifkin, Mark. ( 2011;), ‘ Settler states of feeling: National belonging and the erasure of native American presence. ’, in C. F. Levander, and R. S. Levine. (eds), A Companion to American Literary Studies, Hoboken, NJ:: Willey-Blackwell;, pp. 34255.
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Robertson, Scott. ( 2018;), ‘ Contesting the “common destiny”: Citizenship in decolonising New Caledonia. ’, Ph.D. thesis, Canberra:: The Australian National University.
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Suaudeau, Julien, and Niang, Mame-Fatou. ( 2022), Universalisme, Paris:: Anamosa;.
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Tate, Shirley Anne. ( 2014;), ‘ Racial affective economies, disalienation and “race made ordinary”. ’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37:13, pp. 2475590.
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Tate, Shirley Anne. ( 2017), Black Skins, Black Masks: Hybridity, Dialogism and Performativity, London and New York:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Tate, Shirley Anne, and Law, Ian. ( 2015), Caribbean Racisms: Connections and Complexities in the Racialization of the Caribbean Region, Basingstoke:: Palgrave Macmillan;.
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Taylor-García, Daphne V.. ( 2019;), ‘ “Mixed” existence: On Rachel Dolezal and Alleles. ’, The Feminist Wire, 13 August, https://thefeministwire.com/2015/08/29107/. Accessed 16 December 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Terrier, Christiane. ( 1998;), ‘ Tous métis. ’, in G. Bladinieres. (ed.), Le Mémorial calédonien, 1988–1998, Tome X, Nouméa:: Planète mémo;, pp. 37779.
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Terrier, Christiane. ( 2004;), ‘ Calédoniens ou métis?. ’, in F. Angleviel. (ed.), La Nouvelle Calédonie, Terre de Métissages, Paris:: Les Indes Savantes;, pp. 6580.
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Testenoire, Armelle. ( 2017;), ‘ Dynamique et résistances au principe d’égalité réelle; la loi sur l’emploi local et la formation continue en Nouvelle Calédonie. ’, in F. Laroussi. (ed.), Insularité, Langue, Mémoire, Identité, Paris:: L’Harmattan;, pp. 24561.
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Tjibaou, Jean-Marie. ( 1996;), ‘ La Légitimité Indigène. ’, in A. Bensa, and E. Wittersheim. (eds), La Présence Kanak, Paris:: Éditions Odile Jacob;, pp. 13941.
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Tromeur, Françoise. ( 2019;), ‘ Polémique des drapeaux aux Jeux d’Apia: le CTOS se défend. ’, NC1ère, 11 July, https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/nouvellecaledonie/polemique-drapeaux-aux-jeux-apia-ctos-se-defend-729682.html. Accessed 20 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Tuck, Eve, and Yang, K. Wayne. ( 2012;), ‘ Decolonization is not a metaphor. ’, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, 1:1, pp. 140.
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Tutugoro, Antahony. ( 2023;), ‘ Defining the contours of the lagoon. ’, in A. Perez Hattori, and J. Samson. (eds), The Cambridge History of the Pacific Ocean, Cambridge:: Cambridge University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Vimalassery, Manu,, Pegues, Juliana Hu, and Goldstein, Alyosha. ( 2017;), ‘ Colonial unknowing and relations of study. ’, Theory & Event, 20:4, pp. 104254.
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Wadrawane, Eddy. ( 2004;), ‘ Métissage et Culture du Métissage en Nouvelle-Calédonie. ’, in F. Angleviel. (ed.), La Nouvelle Calédonie: Terre de Métissages, Paris:: Les Indes Savantes;, pp. 2534.
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Wéry, Claudine. ( 2020;), ‘ Nouvelle-Calédonie: un référendum sous tension. ’, Le Monde, 4 September, https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2020/09/04/nouvelle-caledonie-un-referendum-sous-tension_6050956_823448.html. Accessed 11 March 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Wolfe, Patrick. ( 2006;), ‘ Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native. ’, Journal of Genocide Research, 8:4, pp. 387409.
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Young, Bryanne. ( 2015;), ‘ “Killing the Indian in the child”: Death, cruelty, and subject-formation in the Canadian Indian residential school system. ’, Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature, 48:4, pp. 6376.
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Duong-Pedica, Anaïs. ( 2022;), ‘ Unsettling “we’re all mixed-race”: Métis.se/colonial futurity, settler colonialism and the countering of Kanak sovereignty. ’, International Journal of Francophone Studies, 25:3, pp. 21143, https://doi.org/10.1386/ijfs_00051_1
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1386/ijfs_00051_1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1386/ijfs_00051_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Article
Keyword(s): decolonization; Kanaky; métissage; New Caledonia; racism; whiteness
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test