Triple helix circulation: the heart of innovation and development

The premise of triple helix circulation is that movement of people around the spheres enhances creativity, ideas and skills. Universities, the traditional providers of human resources and knowledge, are now critical socio-economic development actors. Removing the blockages to circulation and enhancing interaction and cooperation among development actors and agencies is the development challenge of the 21st century. Sustainable knowledge-based development is the objective of all societies in an interdependent era characterized by resource constriction and efflorescence of science and technology.