Skip to content
1981
Volume 8, Issue 2-3
  • ISSN: 2051-7041
  • E-ISSN: 2051-705X

Abstract

In early 2020, the unforeseen COVID-19 has brought the art world to its knees, particularly the contemporary art scene needs viewers and feedback to survive. Artists require new channels connecting them with their audiences, while artists’ work needs to be seen and appreciated by the public to sustain its value. In the face of social distancing restrictions and limited visitors, however, many international exhibitions are forced to cancel or postponed. With less to no patronage, will the global pandemic bring the end of the art world? As the global pandemic has forced most social and cultural events moving online, the art biennials are no exception. This article examines the art biennial, the Olympics of the art world, to rediscover the meaning of ‘art’ before and after COVID-19. Integrating virtual presentation and digital campaign between the Taipei Biennial and the Shanghai Biennale, the first running art biennials across the Taiwan Strait, this article analyses and presents the art world’s potential shifts in the post-pandemic future.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/jcca_00048_1
2021-11-01
2026-04-23

Metrics

Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Appadurai, Arjun. (ed.) ( 2001), Globalization, Durham, NC:: Duke University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. ArtForum ( 2020;), ‘ The 2020 Taipei Biennial announced its participating artists. ’, ArtForum News (, Chinese edition.), 22 April, https://www.artforum.com.cn/news/12761. Accessed 12 June 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Art Press Asia ( 2020;), ‘ Editorial: Interview with Bruno Latour and Martin Guinard, curators of 2020 Taipei Biennial. ’, 25 November, https://theartpressasia.com/2020/11/25/interview-with-bruno-latour-and-martin-guinardcurators-of-2020-taipei-biennial/. Accessed 10 June 2021.
  4. Artprice ( 2020;), ‘ The contemporary art market report 2020. ’, Artprice , https://www.artprice.com/artprice-reports/the-contemporary-art-market-report-2020/the-contemporary-art-rush/. Accessed 14 January 2021.
  5. Becker, Howard S.. ( 2008), Art Worlds: Updated and Expanded, Berkeley, CA:: University of California Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bedno, Jane, and Bedno, Ed. ( 1999;), ‘ Museum exhibitions: Past imperfect, future tense. ’, Museum News, 78:5, pp. 3843.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Benedict, Hobson. ( 2020;), ‘ Andrés Jaque and Ivan Munuera premiere film exploring the visual landscape of Covid-19 at VDF. ’, de zeen, 22 April, https://www.dezeen.com/2020/04/22/transscalar-architecture-covid-19-film-premiere-vdf/. Accessed 10 June 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Benjamin, Walter. ( [1936] 2009;), ‘ The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction. ’, in M. G. Durham, and K. Douglas. (eds), Media and Cultural Studies: KeyWorks, , 2nd ed.., Hoboken, NJ:: Wiley Blackwell;, pp. 3752.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Berger, John. ( 1972), Ways of Seeing, New York:: Penguin Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Bhabha, Homi. ( 1994), The Location of Culture, London:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. The Biennial Foundation ( 2009;), ‘ Directory of biennials. ’, Biennial Foundation, https://www.biennialfoundation.org/. Accessed 5 January 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Bourdieu, Pierre. ( 1983;), ‘ The field of cultural production, or: The economic world reversed. ’, Poetics, 12:4&5, pp. 31156.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Bourdieu, Pierre. ( 1993), The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature, New York:: Columbia University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Chao, Jenifer, and Kompatsiaris, Panos. ( 2020;), ‘ Curating climate change: The Taipei Biennial as an environmental problem solver. ’, Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art, 7:1, pp. 726.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Cheng, Amy Huei-hua. ( 2021;), ‘ Feng-yi Chu’s essay…. ’, Facebook , 21 March, https://www.facebook.com/amy.thecube/, embedded Feng-yi Chu, ‘We have never been modern’ , https://www.twreporter.org/a/photo-taipei-biennial-2020-we-have-never-been-modern-01. Accessed 8 June 2021.
  16. Dayue ( 2021;), ‘ Let’s visit the Shanghai Biennale together. ’, bilibili , 22 May, https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1tK4y1G7Mk/?spm_id_from=333.788.recommend_more_video-1. Accessed 6 June 2021.
  17. Duncan, Carol. ( 1995), Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums, London:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Duncan, Carol, and Wallach, Alan. ( 2004;), ‘ The universal survey museum. ’, in B. M. Carbonell. (ed.), Museum Studies: An Anthology of Contexts, Hoboken, NJ:: Blackwell Publishing;, pp. 5170.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. e-flux ( 2021;), ‘ 13th Shanghai Biennale: Bodies of Water. ’, https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/386291/13th-shanghai-biennalebodies-of-water. Accessed 5 September 2021.
  20. Esche, Charles. ( 1989;), ‘ Making art global: A good place or a no place?. ’, in Making Art Global, Part 1: The Third Havana Biennial, Cambridge, MA:: Afterall Books;, pp. 813.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Gao, Minglu. ( 2011), Total Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Twentieth-Century Chinese Art, Cambridge, MA:: MIT Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Gardner, Anthony, and Green, Charles. ( 2016), Biennials, Triennials, and Documenta: The Exhibitions that Created Contemporary Art, Hoboken, NJ:: John Wiley & Sons;.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Gupta, Atreyee. ( 2017;), ‘ Art history and the global challenge: A critical perspective. ’, Artl@s Bulletin, 6:1, p. 4.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Hardt, Michael, and Negri, Antonio. ( 2000), Empire, Cambridge, MA:: Harvard University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Hou, Hanru. ( 2002), On the Mid-Ground, Hong Kong:: Timezone 8;.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Huhtamo, Erkki. ( 2013;), ‘ On the origins of the virtual museum. ’, in R. Parry. (ed.), Museums in a Digital Age, Hoboken, NJ:: Taylor and Francis;, pp. 12135.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Jiang, Jiehong. ( 2008), The Revolution Continues: New Art from China, London:: Jonathan Cape;.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Kambhampaty, Anna P.. ( 2020;), ‘ So you can’t go to the museum: But you can bring the museum to you. ’, TIME, 1 April, https://time.com/5803389/museum-closures-virtual-art-coronavirus/. Accessed 15 December 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Kholeif, Omar. ( 2018), Goodbye, World! Looking at Art in the Digital Age, Berlin:: Sternberg Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Krysa, Joasia, and Moscoso, Manuela. ( 2019;), ‘ The next biennial should be curated by a machine: A research proposition. ’, e-flux, 27 November, https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/291923/the-next-biennial-should-be-curated-by-a-machine/. Accessed 8 June 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Lai, Ying-Ying. ( 2008;), ‘ Mapping Taiwan: Strategies of Taiwan’s international art. ’, Seoul National University College of Art, 29, pp. 10412.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Lee, Chang Bin. ( 2015;), ‘ Cultural policy and governance: Reviewing policies related to cultural and creative industries implemented by the central government of Taiwan between 2002 and 2012. ’, Review of Policy Research, 32:4, pp. 46584.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Li, Alvin. ( 2019;), ‘ How the 11th Taipei Biennial questions the role of the museum in raising ecological consciousness. ’, Frieze, 201, 20 February, https://www.frieze.com/article/how-11th-taipei-biennial-questions-role-museum-raising-ecological-consciousness. Accessed 3 September 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Lin, Weijie. ( 2021;), ‘ How does the Shanghai Biennale make Weijie tears?. ’, bilibili , 25 April, https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1R84y1F7sb?from=search&seid=18200949671635932905. Accessed 6 June 2021.
  35. Luke, Timothy W.. ( 2002), Museum Politics: Power Plays at the Exhibition, Minneapolis:: University of Minnesota Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Marchart, Oliver. ( 2020;), ‘ The globalization of art and the “biennials of resistance: A history of the biennials from the periphery”. ’, On Curating, 46, June, https://www.on-curating.org/issue-46-reader/the-globalization-of-art-and-the-biennials-of-resistance-a-history-of-the-biennials-from-the-periphery.html/. Accessed 12 December 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Martin, Guinard,, Bruno, Latour,, and Ping, Lin. ( 2020;), ‘ Editorial: You and I don’t live on the same planet. ’, e-flux, 114, December, https://www.e-flux.com/journal/114/367057/editorial-you-and-i-don-t-live-on-the-same-planet/. Accessed 11 June 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Mo, Wu. ( 2020;), ‘ An unfinished task: Viewing the legitimization of contemporary Chinese art from the Third Shanghai Biennale. ’, Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art, 7:1, pp. 2745.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Morgner, Christian. ( 2020;), ‘ Inclusion and exclusion in the art world: A sociological account of biennial artists and audiences. ’, On Curating, 46, June, https://www.on-curating.org/issue-46-reader/inclusion-and-exclusion-in-the-art-world.html. Accessed 25 December 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Naylor, Stephen. ( 2020), The Venice Biennale and the Asia-Pacific in the Global Art World, London:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Nye, Joseph S.. ( 2004), Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics, New York:: Public Affairs;.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Nye, Joseph S.. ( 2014;), ‘ The information revolution and power. ’, Current History, 113:759, pp. 1922.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. O’Connor, Justin, and Xin, Gu. ( 2006;), ‘ A new modernity? The arrival of “creative industries” in China. ’, International Journal of Cultural Studies, 9:3, pp. 27183.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Ocula ( 2020;), ‘ The Taipei Biennial Symposium: New diplomatic encounters. ’, https://ocula.com/events/taipei-biennial/programme. Accessed 5 September 2021.
  45. Pollack, Barbara. ( 2018), Brand New Art from China: A Generation on the Rise, London:: Bloomsbury Publishing;.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. PSA ( 2021;), ‘ The 13th Shanghai Biennale overview. ’, WeChat Moments , 26 March, https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/RJY8ez0j%20KL0XFYIB0gl5_A?fbclid=IwAR3QwNVnqT3Bv877BpMAk1X4bbCPyzP19SvEvGymRycXPiYbyTEn2PK1pXU. Accessed 10 June 2021.
  47. Schneider, Tim. ( 2020;), ‘ Online viewing rooms are creating a goldmine of user data on art collectors. ’, ArtNet, 21 May, https://news.artnet.com/market/data-gold-rush-online-viewing-rooms-1867230/. Accessed 15 January 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Steyerl, Hito. ( 2009;), ‘ In defense of the poor image. ’, e-flux, 10:November, https://www.e-flux.com/journal/10/61362/in-defense-of-the-poor-image. Accessed 1 September 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. The Shanghai Biennale Official Website ( 2020;), ‘ Shanghai Biennale 2020. ’, The Power Station of Art, https://www.powerstationofart.com/whats-on/programs/shanghai-bienniale/home. Accessed 12 May 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. The Taipei Biennial Official Website ( 2020;), ‘ Taipei Biennial 2020. ’, The Taipei Fine Arts Museum, https://www.taipeibiennial.org/2020/en-US/Home/Index/0. Accessed 10 May 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. The Taipei Fine Arts Museum ( 2021;), ‘ Press release: The Taipei Biennial 2020 drew to a successful close. ’, The Taipei Fine Arts Museum, 17 March, https://www.tfam.museum/News/News_page.aspx?id=1503&ddlLang=zh-tw. Accessed 12 June 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. The Universes in Universe: Worlds of Art ( 1997;), ‘ Calendar: Biennials, regular exhibitions. ’, The Universes in Universe, https://universes.art/en/biennials/. Accessed 5 January 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. The Whitney Museum Official Website ( 2021;), ‘ The next biennial should be curated by a machine. ’, https://whitney.org/exhibitions/the-next-biennial. Accessed 10 June 2021.
  54. Turner, Ming. ( 2009;), ‘ Visualisation and globalisation: The Taipei Biennial 1998–2008. ’, International Conference on the Arts in Society, 4:3, pp. 291302, 28–31 July, Venice:: The Arts in Society Publication;.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. UNESCO ( 2020;), ‘ Covid-19: UNESCO and ICOM concerned about the situation faced by the world’s museums. ’, UNESCO, 18 May, https://en.unesco.org/news/Covid-19-unesco-and-icom-concerned-about-situation-faced-worlds-museums. Accessed 14 January 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Vickers, Edward. ( 2008;), ‘ Re-writing museums in Taiwan. ’, in F. L. Shih,, S. Thompson, and P. Tremlett. (eds), Re-Writing Culture in Taiwan, vol. 10, London:: Routledge;, pp. 69101.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. The Whitney Museum Official Website ( 2021;), ‘ The next biennial should be curated by a machine. ’, https://whitney.org/exhibitions/the-next-biennial. Accessed 10 June 2021.
  58. World Health Organization, ‘ WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard. ’, https://covid19.who.int/table. Accessed 14 January 2021.
  59. Wu, Chin-Tao. ( 2009;), ‘ Biennials without borders. ’, New Left Review, 57:May/June, pp. 10715.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Wu, Hung. ( 2000;), ‘ “Experimental exhibitions” of the 1990s. ’, in Reinterpretation: A Decade of Experimental Chinese Art, Guangzhou:: Guangdong Museum of Art;, pp. 8397.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Xiong, Fangyu. ( 2021;), ‘ The boat suspended in the bodies of water museum. ’, East Day News, 17 April, https://n.eastday.com/pnews/161863650677018772. Accessed 12 June 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Zhao, Sasha. ( 2021;), ‘ Shanghai Biennale mobilises trans-species alliances. ’, Ocula, 2 June, https://ocula.com/magazine/features/shanghai-biennale-explores-hydro-nuclear-and-/. Accessed 10 June 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Kuo, Kuan-ying. ( 2021;), ‘ From IRL (in-real-life) to URL: Capturing the art biennial amid COVID-19. ’, Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art, 8:2&3, pp. 291311, https://doi.org/10.1386/jcca_00048_1
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1386/jcca_00048_1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1386/jcca_00048_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test