Islamic identity and development after the Ottomans: The Arab Middle East

References

1. Anderson, S.. ( 2013), Lawrence in Arabia: War, Deceit, Imperial Folly and the Making of the Modern Middle East, New York:: Signal;.
   [Google Scholar]
2. Anon. ( 2016;), ‘ Obama hits out at Cameron, Sarkozy over Libya intervention. ’, Tribune, 11 March, https://tribune.com.pk/story/1064081/obama-hits-out-at-cameron-sarkozy-over-libya-intervention%20. Accessed 27 October 2021.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Antonius, G.. ( 1939), Arab Awakening: The Story of the Arab Movement, New York:: Hamilton;.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ( 2016;), ‘ About AIIB. ’, https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/index.html. Accessed 27 October 2021.
5. Bradford, E.. ( 1964), The Great Seige, Malta 1565, London:: Penguin;.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Brockelmann, C.. ( 1948), History of the Islamic People, London:: Routledge and Kegan Paul;.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Chomsky, N.. ( 2006), Failed States: The Abuse of Power and the Assault on Democracy, New York:: Henry Holt and Co;.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Cooper, A. S.. ( 2011), The Oil Kings: How the US, Iran and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East, New York:: Simon and Shuster;.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Fisher, S. N.. ( 1979), The Middle East, A History, , 3rd ed.., New York:: Knopf;.
   [Google Scholar]
10. Frankopan, P.. ( 2018), The Silk Roads, A New History of the World, New York:: Vintage Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Frankopan, P.. ( 2020), The New Silk Roads, The New Asia and the Remaking of the World Order, New York:: Vintage Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Fromkin, D.. ( 1989), A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East, New York:: Avon Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Goodwin, J.. ( 1998), Lords of the Horizons, A History of the Ottoman Empire, New York:: Henry Holt and Co.;
    [Google Scholar]
14. Hancock, G.. ( 1994), The Lords of Poverty: The Power, Prestige, and Corruption of the International Aid Business, New York:: Macmillan;.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Hardy, R.. ( 2017), The Poisoned Well, Empire and Its Legacy in the Middle East, New York:: Oxford University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Ismael, T., and Ismael, J.. ( 2015), Iraq in the Twenty-First Century, Regime Change and the Making of a Failed State, London:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Kadduri, M.. ( 1969), Republican Iraq, A Study in Iraqi Politics Since the Revolution of 1958, London:: Oxford University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Lewis, B.. ( 1968), The Emergence of Modern Turkey, , 2nd ed.., London:: Oxford University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
19. McMeekin, S.. ( 2016), The Ottoman Endgame, War, Revolution, and the Making of the Modern Middle East, 1908–1923, New York:: Penguin Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
20. Mehmet, Ö.. ( 1990), Islamic Identity and Development: Studies of the Islamic Periphery (II&D), London:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Mehmet, Ö.. ( 1995), Westernizing the Third World, the Eurocentricity of Development Theories, , 2nd ed.., London:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Mehmet, Ö., and Yorucu, V.. ( 2020), Modern Geopolitics of Eastern Mediterranean Hydrocarbons in an Age of Energy Transformation, Cham:: Springer;.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Mikhail, A.. ( 2020), God’s Shadow: The Ottoman Sultan Who Shaped the Modern World, London:: Faber;.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Qaddafi, M. A.. ( 2020), The Green Book, Cowes:: Medina University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Rogan, E.. ( 2015), The Fall of the Ottomans, the Great War in the Middle East, New York:: Basic Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
26. Sam, C.. ( 2020;), ‘ Gaddafi’s last words as he begged for mercy: “What did I do to you?”. ’, Hypercitigh, 12 August, https://hypercitigh.com/featured/gaddafis-last-words-as-he-begged-for-mercy-what-did-i-do-to-you/. Accessed 27 October 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
27. Ustun, K.. ( 2016;), ‘ US alliance with Syrian PYD alienates Turkey. ’, Al Jazeera, 2 June, https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2016/6/2/us-alliance-with-syrian-pyd-alienates-turkey/. Accessed 27 October 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Walther, W.. ( 1999), Women in Islam: From Medieval to Modern Times, Princeton, NJ:: Markus Wiener;.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Wheatcroft, A.. ( 2008), The Enemy at the Gate, Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe, New York:: Basic Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
30. World Health Organisation (WHO) ( 2022;), ‘ WHO Coronavirus Dashboard. ’, https://covid19.who.int/. Accessed 1 January 2022.
31. Mehmet, Özay. ( 2021;), ‘ Islamic identity and development after the Ottomans: The Arab Middle East. ’, Journal of Contemporary Iraq & the Arab World, 15:3, pp. 305–24, 10.1386/jciaw_00056_1
    [Google Scholar]