Skip to content
1981
Volume 11, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 2045-5836
  • E-ISSN: 2045-5844

Abstract

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, beginning in early 2020, were felt across all industries and public institutions, including art museums. Shuttered art museums sought to maintain public interest in their collections and exhibitions by promoting existing online tools, such as the virtual art museum tours hosted by Google Arts & Culture. This article analyses these tours from the perspective of museology and architecture and argues that, rather than a form of virtual reality, these tours are a peculiar kind of image database. As such, they are part of Google’s growing efforts towards mass digitization and data accumulation.

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • The Swedish Research Council (Award 2018-06057)
This article is Open Access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND), which allows users to copy, distribute and transmit the article as long as the author is attributed, the article is not used for commercial purposes, and the work is not modified or adapted in any way. To view a copy of the licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/jcs_00053_1
2022-04-01
2026-04-11

Metrics

Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jcs/11/1/jcs.11.1.4_Wasielewski.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1386/jcs_00053_1&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Alexis, Michael. ( 2020;), ‘ People Don’t Want Virtual Museum Tours; Do This Instead. ’, Museum Hack, https://museumhack.com/virtual-museum-tour-trends/. Accessed 11 May 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Alter, Alexandra. ( 2015;), ‘ Google’s Digital Library Wins Court of Appeals Ruling. ’, New York Times, 16 October, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/17/business/media/googles-digital-library-wins-court-of-appeals-ruling.html. Accessed 29 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Baudrillard, Jean. ( 2014), Simulacra and Simulation (trans. Sheila Glaser), Ann Arbor:: University of Michigan Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bishop, Claire. ( 2013), Radical Museology or, What’s ‘Contemporary’ in Museums of Contemporary Art?, London:: Koenig Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Buczkowski, Aleks. ( 2015;), ‘ Top 10 Google Maps Games of All Times. ’, Geoawesomeness, https://geoawesomeness.com/10-top-google-maps-games-of-all-times/. Accessed 22 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cox, Joseph. ( 2020;), ‘ Zoom iOS App Sends Data to Facebook Even if You Don’t Have a Facebook Account. ’, Vice, https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/k7e599/zoom-ios-app-sends-data-to-facebook-even-if-you-dont-have-a-facebook-account. Accessed 8 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Crary, Jonathan. ( 2001), Suspensions of Perception: Attention, Spectacle and Modern Culture, Cambridge, MA:: MIT Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Crimp, Douglas. ( 2000), On the Museum’s Ruins, Cambridge, MA:: MIT Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Dal Co, Francesco. ( 2017), The Guggenheim: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Iconoclastic Masterpiece, New Haven:: Yale University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Di Bello, Patrizia. ( 2013;), ‘ The “Camera-Medusa”: Stereoscopic Photographs of Statuettes. ’, in Anna Dahlgren,, Dag Petersson, and Nina Lager Vestberg. (eds), Representational Machines: Photography and the Production of Space, Aarhus:: Aarhus University Press;, pp. 3957.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Duncan, Carol. ( 1995), Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums, London:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Duncan, Carol, and Wallach, Allan. ( 1980;), ‘ The Universal Survey Museum. ’, Art History, 3:4, pp. 44869.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Evans, Leighton. ( 2018), The Re-Emergence of Virtual Reality, New York:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Express ( 2017;), ‘ Google Maps: The Weird and Wonderful Things Caught on Camera | Pictures | Pics. 6 October. ’, https://www.express.co.uk/pictures/pics/15983/Google-Maps-Street-View-funny-pictures. Accessed 22 April 2020.
  15. Forensic Architecture ( 2019;), ‘ Triple-Chaser at the 2019 Whitney Biennial. ’, Forensic Architecture, https://forensic-architecture.org/programme/exhibitions/triple-chaser-at-the-whitney-biennial-2019. Accessed 1 November 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Foster, Hal. ( 2002a), Design and Crime (and Other Diatribes), London:: Verso;.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Foster, Hal. ( 2002b;), ‘ The ABCs of Contemporary Design. ’, October, 100, pp. 19199.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Foster, Hal. ( 2011), The Art-Architecture Complex, London:: Verso;.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Google ( n.d.;), ‘ About Google Cultural Institute. ’, https://about.artsandculture.google.com/. Accessed 29 April 2021.
  20. Google Arts & Culture ( n.d.;), ‘ Scavenger Hunt: Art Institute of Chicago. ’, https://artsandculture.google.com/story/EgXRrZ5xhUVqqw. Accessed 22 April 2020.
  21. Google Trends ( n.d.), https://trends.google.com/. Accessed 22 April 2020.
  22. Haigney, Sophie. ( 2020;), ‘ The Dizzying Experience of Visiting Virtual Museums. ’, Art in America, 1 April, https://www.artnews.com/art-in-america/features/virtual-museum-tours-google-1202682783/. Accessed 22 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Hakim, Danny, and Singer, Natasha. ( 2020;), ‘ New York Attorney General Looks into Zoom’s Privacy Practices. ’, New York Times, 30 March, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/30/technology/new-york-attorney-general-zoom-privacy.html. Accessed 8 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. International Journal for Digital Art History ( 2020;), ‘ CFP: Art History in Quarantine. ’, https://dahj.org/newsblog/art-history-in-quarantine. Accessed 29 April 2021.
  25. Jones, Drew. ( 2020;), ‘ 12 Historic Sites You Can Virtually Tour from the Couch During the Coronavirus Outbreak. ’, Washington Post, 18 March, https://www.washingtonpost.com/travel/2020/03/18/these-historic-sites-attractions-are-offering-virtual-tours-during-coronavirus-pandemic/. Accessed 1 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Joselit, David. ( 2013), After Art, Princeton, NJ:: Princeton University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Kidder Smith, G. E.. ( 1996), Source Book of American Architecture, New York:: Princeton Architectural Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Klonk, Charlotte. ( 2009), Spaces of Experience, New Haven:: Yale University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Koolhaas, Rem. ( 2002;), ‘ Junkspace. ’, October, 100, pp. 17590.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Krauss, Rosalind. ( 1990;), ‘ The Cultural Logic of the Late Capitalist Museum. ’, October, 54, pp. 317.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Krauss, Rosalind. ( 1996;), ‘ Postmodernism’s Museum without Walls. ’, in Reesa Greenberg,, Bruce W. Ferguson, and Sandy Nairne. (eds), Thinking about Exhibitions, London:: Routledge;, pp. 34148.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Lanier, Jaron. ( 2017), Dawn of the New Everything, London:: Vintage;.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Leahy, Helen Rees. ( 2012), Museum Bodies: The Politics and Practices of Visiting and Viewing, Farnham:: Ashgate;.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Leswing, Kif. ( 2016;), ‘ The Inside Story of Apple’s Forgotten Project to Change How We Explore the World from Our Computers. ’, Business Insider, 29 May, https://www.businessinsider.com/inside-story-of-apples-forgotten-virtual-reality-project-quicktime-vr-2016-5. Accessed 2 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Liptak, Adam, and Alter, Alexandra. ( 2016;), ‘ Challenge to Google Books Is Declined by Supreme Court. ’, New York Times, 18 April, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/19/technology/google-books-case.html. Accessed 29 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Lovell, Lucy. ( n.d.;), ‘ Check Out These Virtual Tours of Museums Around the World. ’, Time Out Worldwide, https://www.timeout.com/travel/virtual-museum-tours. Accessed 22 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Markson, David. ( 1988), Wittgenstein’s Mistress, Normal:: Dalkey Archive Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. McClellan, Andrew. ( 2008), The Art Museum from Boullée to Bilbao, Berkeley:: University of California Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. McKeever, Vicky. ( 2020;), ‘ Need a Culture Fix While Self-Isolating? You Can Tour These Museums from Your Couch. ’, CNBC, 19 March, https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/19/coronavirus-pass-the-time-in-self-isolation-with-virtual-museum-tours.html. Accessed 22 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. ( 2012), Phenomenology of Perception (trans. Donald Landes), Abingdon:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Mumford, Lewis. ( 1959;), ‘ What Wright Hath Wrought. ’, New Yorker, 5 December, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1959/12/05/what-wright-hath-wrought. Accessed 12 May 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Murdock, Jason. ( 2020;), ‘ Is Zoom Safe and Is Your Privacy at Risk? Video Calling App Explained after Hacking Vulnerabilities Exposed. ’, Newsweek, 2 April, https://www.newsweek.com/zoom-safe-privacy-risks-explained-video-calling-app-hacking-vulnerabilities-coronavirus-1495728. Accessed 8 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Muschamp, Herbert. ( 2001;), ‘ Gehry’s Vision of Renovating Democracy. ’, New York Times, 18 May, https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/18/arts/architecture-review-gehry-s-vision-of-renovating-democracy.html. Accessed 19 May 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. O’Doherty, Brian. ( 1999), Inside the White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery Space, Berkeley:: University of California Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Oxman, Rivka, and Oxman, Robert. ( 2014;), ‘ Introduction: Vitruvius Digitalis. ’, in Rivka Oxman, and Robert Oxman. (eds), Theories of the Digital in Architecture, London:: Routledge;, pp. 110.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Peres, Michael R.. (ed.) ( 2017), Focal Encyclopedia of Photography: Digital Imaging, Theory and Applications, History and Science, Amsterdam:: Focal Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Picon, Antoine. ( 2014;), ‘ The Seduction of Innovative Geometries. ’, in Rivka Oxman, and Robert Oxman. (eds), Theories of the Digital in Architecture, London:: Routledge;, pp. 4753.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Quinan, Jack. ( 1993;), ‘ Frank Lloyd Wright’s Guggenheim Museum: A Historian’s Report. ’, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 52:4, pp. 46682.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Rafman, John. ( 2008;), ‘ Nine Eyes of Google Street View. ’, https://9-eyes.com/. Accessed 22 April 2020.
  50. Reuters ( 2020;), ‘ Taiwan Tells Agencies Not to Use Zoom on Security Grounds. ’, New York Times, 7 April, https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/04/07/technology/07reuters-zoom-video-commn-privacy-taiwan.html. Accessed 8 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Scott, Mark. ( 2016;), ‘ Google, Trying to Endear Itself to Europe, Spreads $450 Million Around. ’, New York Times, 19 July, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/20/technology/google-europe-lobbying-eu.html. Accessed 29 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Serota, Nicholas. ( 1996), Experience or Interpretation: The Dilemma of Museums of Modern Art, London:: Thames and Hudson;.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Shehadi, Sebastian. ( 2020;), ‘ How Coronavirus Is Making Virtual Galleries Go Viral. ’, New Statesman, 23 March, https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/art-design/2020/03/virtual-galleries-art-museums-tours-online. Accessed 22 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Steffensen, Ingrid. ( 2009;), ‘ The Auto as Architect’s Inspiration. ’, New York Times, 6 August, https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/09/automobiles/09wright.html. Accessed 23 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Steyerl, Hito. ( 2009;), ‘ Is a Museum a Factory?. ’, e-flux journal, 7, https://www.e-flux.com/journal/07/61390/is-a-museum-a-factory/. Accessed 20 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Thylstrup, Nanna Bonde. ( 2018), The Politics of Mass Digitization, Cambridge, MA:: MIT Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Vidler, Antony. ( 2008), Architecture Between Spectacle and Use, Williamstown:: Clark Art Institute;.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Wasielewski, Amanda. ( 2015;), ‘ Lurking Within Reach: Stereoscopic Photomicrography in the 1860s. ’, History of Photography, 39:1, pp. 5670.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Wasielewski, Amanda. ( 2022;), ‘ Images. ’, http://www.amandawasielewski.com/museum/. Accessed 1 April 2022.
  60. Watkin, David. ( 1991;), ‘ Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum. ’, AA Files, 21, Architectural Association School of Architecture;, pp. 4048.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Whiteley, Laura E.. ( 1999), International Directory of Company Histories, vol. 25, Detroit:: St James Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Wilson, Antonia. ( 2020;), ‘ 10 of the World’s Best Virtual Museum and Art Gallery Tours. ’, The Guardian, 23 March, https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2020/mar/23/10-of-the-worlds-best-virtual-museum-and-art-gallery-tours. Accessed 22 April 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Wasielewski, Amanda. ( 2022;), ‘ The Museum in Quarantine: Architecture, Experience and the Virtual Museum. ’, Journal of Curatorial Studies, 11:1, pp. 424, https://doi.org/10.1386/jcs_00053_1
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1386/jcs_00053_1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1386/jcs_00053_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test