Modernization in the Gulf region as a means of legitimacy? An examination from normative perspectives of state studies

References

1. Acemoglu, Daron and Robinson, James (2022), ‘Non-modernization: Power-culture trajectories and the dynamics of political institutions’, Annual Review of Political Science, 25:1, pp. 323–39.
   [Google Scholar]
2. Akkaya, Gülşah N. (2019), ‘How the Gulf Cooperation Council responded to the Arab Spring’, in C. Çakmak and A. O. Özçelik (eds), The World Community and the Arab Spring, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 117–39.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Al-Saidi, Mohammad (2020), ‘Instruments of energy subsidy reforms in Arab countries: The case of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries’, Energy Reports, 6:1, pp. 68–73.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Alshamsi, Mansoor J. (2011), Islam and Political Reform in Saudi Arabia: The Quest for Political Change and Reform, New York: Routledge.
   [Google Scholar]
5. Al-Waqfi, Mohammed A. and Al-Faki, Ibrahim A. (2015), ‘Gender-based differences in employment conditions of local and expatriate workers in the GCC context’, International Journal of Manpower, 36:3, pp. 397–415.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Arts, Bas, Leroy, Pieter and van Tatenhove, Jan (2006), ‘Political modernisation and policy arrangements: A framework for understanding environmental policy change’, Public Organization Review, 6:2, July, pp. 93–106.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Babar, Zahra (2017), ‘The “enemy within”: Citizenship-stripping in the post-Arab Spring GCC’, Middle East Journal, 71:4, pp. 525–43.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Berger, Peter L. (1967), The Sacred Canopy, Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Berger, Peter L. (2012), ‘Further thoughts on religion and modernity’, Society, 49:4, May, pp. 313–16.
   [Google Scholar]
10. Binhuwaidin, Mohamed M. (2015), ‘Essential threats to the security of the GCC countries in the post Arab Spring era’, Digest of Middle East Studies, 24:1, pp. 1–25.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Butenschøn, Nils (2017), ‘The Arab Spring and the “Iron Triangle”: Regime survival and the conditions of citizenship in the Arab Middle East’, in R. Meijer and N. Butenschøn (eds), The Crisis of Citizenship in the Arab World, Leiden and Boston, MA: Brill, pp. 246–69.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Colombo, Silvia (2012), ‘The GCC and the Arab Spring: A tale of double standards’, The International Spectator, 47:4, pp. 110–26.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Davidson, Christopher (2013), After the Sheikhs: The Coming Collapse of the Gulf Monarchies, New York: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Demmelhuber, Thomas (2011), ‘Political reform in the Gulf monarchies: Making family dynasties ready for the 21st century’, Orient, 52:1, pp. 6–10.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Dhima, Kostanca and Golder, Matt (2020), ‘Secularization theory and religion’, Politics and Religion, 14:1, pp. 37–53.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Ehteshami, Anoushiravan (2013), Dynamics of Change in the Persian Gulf: Political Economy, War and Revolution, London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Farouk, Yasmine and Brown, Nathan J. (2021), ‘Saudi Arabia’s religious reforms are touching nothing but changing everything’, in F. Wehrey (ed.), Islamic Institutions in Arab States: Mapping the Dynamics of Control, Co-Option, and Contention, Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, pp. 7–52, https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/static/files/202106-IslamicInstitutions-final-updated.pdf. Accessed 29 October 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Fawcett, Louise (2016), ‘Alliances and regionalism in the Middle East’, in L. Fawcett (ed.), International Relations of the Middle East, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 196–217.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Filiu, Jean-Pierre (2011), The Arab Revolution: Ten Lessons from the Democratic Uprising, London: Hurst & Co.
    [Google Scholar]
20. Fox, Jonathan (2015), Political Secularism, Religion, and the State: A Time Series Analysis of Worldwide Data, New York: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Gray, Matthew (2018), ‘Rentierism’s siblings: On the linkages between rents, neopatrimonialism, and entrepreneurial state capitalism in the Persian Gulf monarchies’, Journal of Arabian Studies, 8:S1, pp. 29–45.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Grinin, Leonid, Korotayev, Andrey and Tausch, Arno (2019), Islamism, Arab Spring, and the Future of Democracy: World System and World Values Perspectives, Cham: Springer.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Habermas, Jürgen ([1981] 2004), The Theory of Communicative Action: Reason and the Rationalization of Society, vol. 1 (trans. T. McCarthy), Cambridge: Polity Press.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Habermas, Jürgen ([1981] 2006), The Theory of Communicative Action: Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason, vol. 2 (trans. T. McCarthy), Cambridge: Polity Press.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Heller, Hermann (1927), Die Souveränität: Ein Beitrag zur Theorie des Staats- und Völkerrechts (‘Sovereignty: A contribution to the theory of constitutional and international law’), Berlin and Leipzig: De Gruyter.
    [Google Scholar]
26. Heller, Hermann (1930), Rechtsstaat oder Diktatur? (‘State of law or dictatorship?’), Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr.
    [Google Scholar]
27. Heller, Hermann ([1934] 1970), Staatslehre (‘The nature and structure of the state’) (ed. G. Niemeyer), 4th ed., Leiden: Sijthoff.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Henkel, Michael (2011), Hermann Hellers Theorie der Politik und des Staates: Die Geburt der Politikwissenschaft aus dem Geiste der Soziologie (‘Hermann Heller’s theory of politics and the state: The birth of political science from the spirit of sociology’), Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Hudson, Michael C. (1977), Arab Politics: The Search for Legitimacy, New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
30. Hvidt, Martin (2011), ‘Economic and institutional reforms in the Arab Gulf countries’, Middle East Journal, 65:1, pp. 85–102.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Hvidt, Martin (2015), ‘The state and the knowledge economy in the Gulf: Structural and motivational challenges’, The Muslim World, 105:1, pp. 24–45.
    [Google Scholar]
32. Inglehart, Ronald (1997), Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Inglehart, Ronald and Welzel, Christian (2005), Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence, New York: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Kamrava, Mehran (2018), ‘Oil and institutional stasis in the Persian Gulf’, Journal of Arabian Studies, 8:S1, pp. 1–12.
    [Google Scholar]
35. Khnodker, Habibul H. (2011), ‘Many roads to modernization in the Middle East’, Society, 48:4, pp. 304–06.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Mandaville, Peter and Hamid, Shadi (2018), ‘Islam as statecraft: How governments use religion in foreign policy’, Brookings Foreign Policy, November, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/FP_20181116_islam_as_statecraft.pdf. Accessed 25 October 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Mannheim, Karl ([1940] 1951), Man and Society in the Age of Reconstruction: Studies in Modern Social Structure, New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
    [Google Scholar]
38. Masoud, Tarek E. (1999), ‘The Arab and Islam: The troubled search for legitimacy’, Daedalus, 128:2, pp. 127–45.
    [Google Scholar]
39. Moritz, Jessie (2018), ‘Reformers and the rentier state: Re-evaluating the co-optation mechanism in rentier state theory’, Journal of Arabian Studies, 8:S1, pp. 46–64.
    [Google Scholar]
40. Peter, Fabienne (2019), ‘Political legitimacy under epistemic constraints: Why public reasons matter’, in J. Knight and M. Schwartzberg (eds), Political Legitimacy, New York: New York University Press, pp. 147–73.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Reaves, Dylan (2012), ‘Peter Berger and the rise and fall of the theory of secularization’, Denison Journal of Religion, 11:1, pp. 11–19.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Robbers, Gerhard (1983), Hermann Heller: Staat und Kultur (‘Hermann Heller: State and culture’), Baden-Baden: Nomos.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Schlumberger, Oliver (2010), ‘Opening old bottles in search of new wine: On nondemocratic legitimacy in the Middle East’, Middle East Critique, 19:3, pp. 233–50.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Smith, Donald E. (1974), Religion and Political Modernization, New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
45. Tétreault, Mary A., Okruhlik, Gwenn and Kapiszewski, Andrzej (eds) (2011), Political Change in the Arab Gulf States: Stuck in Transition, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Van der Loo, Hans and van Reijen, Willem (1997), Modernisierung: Projekt und Paradox (‘Modernization: Project and paradox’), 2nd rev. ed., Munich: Deutscher TaschenbuchVerlag.
    [Google Scholar]
47. Walker, Scott (2023), ‘Human rights in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states: Prospects for positive change’, Contemporary Review of the Middle East, 10:2, pp. 126–46.
    [Google Scholar]
48. Yom, Sean L. (2005), ‘Civil society and democratization in the Arab World’, Middle East Review of International Affairs, 9:4, pp. 14–33.
    [Google Scholar]
49. Young, Karen E. (2020), ‘Sovereign risk: Gulf sovereign wealth funds as engines of growth and political resource’, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 47:1, pp. 96–116.
    [Google Scholar]
50. Blokland, Hans (2006), Modernization and Its Political Consequences: Weber, Mannheim, and Schumpeter (trans. N. S. van Weesep), New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
51. Luciani, Giacomo (1987), ‘Allocation vs. production state: A theoretical framework’, in H. Beblawi and G. Luciani (eds), The Rentier State, Nation, State and Integration in the Arab World, London: Croom Helm, pp. 63–84.
    [Google Scholar]
52. Roberts, David B. (2020), ‘Ontological security and the Gulf crisis’, Journal of Arabian Studies, 10:2, pp. 221–37.
    [Google Scholar]