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This article discusses the prospects of applying sustainability-oriented innovation for the development of Ukrainian machine-building enterprises. The insufficiency of the existing sustainable development methodology is justified. The impossibility of ensuring the development of economic systems of any level with three-component representation – social, economic and environmental – is determined and the necessity of including the fourth component to the structure is proved. The expediency of applying the systemic economic theory, which provides a four-component representation of economic systems, as a new paradigm for conducting studies of macro- and micro-level systems, is substantiated. From this position, by the systematic modelling of four subsystems of enterprises, the characters of the development of the enterprises are conducted and their current and predicted positions are determined. The main stages and target tasks, which ensure the development of enterprises based on the concept of sustainability-oriented innovation, were clarified and the tools were proposed.