Templating Life: DNA as Nature's Hard Drive, Version 2.0 | Intellect Skip to content
1981
  1. Home
  2. Books
  3. LIFE
  4. Chapter

Templating Life: DNA as Nature's Hard Drive, Version 2.0

image of Templating Life: DNA as Nature's Hard Drive, Version 2.0
Preview this chapter:
Preview Magnify
Hardback ISBN: 9781789387926
Paperback ISBN: 9781789387933
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

Templating Life: DNA as Nature's Hard Drive, Version 2.0
Intellect , 323 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1386/9781789387926_17
/content/books/9781789387926.c15
/content/books/9781789387926.c15
Loading

Data & Media loading...

References

  1. Alang, Navneet (2017), ‘Turns out algorithms are racist’, The New Republic, 31 August, https://newrepublic.com/article/144644/turns-algorithms-racist. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  2. Birch, Kean and Tyfield, David (2012), ‘Theorizing the bioeconomy: Biovalue, biocapital, bioeconomics or … what?’, Science, Technology, & Human Values, 38:3, pp. 299–327.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bivens, Rena and Haimson, Oliver L. (2016), ‘Baking gender into social media design: How platforms shape categories for users and advertisers’, Social Media + Society, 2:4, pp. 1–12.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Cammack, Richard , Atwood, Teresa , Campbell, Peter , Parish, Howard , Smith, Anthony , Vella, Frank and Stirling, John (eds) (2008), ‘Code’, Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198529170.001.0001/acref-9780198529170-e-3752. Accessed 30 November 2021 .
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Ceze, Luis and Strauss, Karin (2017), ‘Storing data in DNA brings nature into the digital universe’, Scientific American, 29 July, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/storing-data-in-dna-brings-nature-into-the-digital-universe. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  6. ‘code, n.’ (2023), OED Online, Oxford: Oxford University Press, https://www.oed.com/dictionary/code_n. Accessed 24 July 2023 .
  7. Coughlin, Tom (2021), ‘DNA storage update’, Forbes, 28 October, https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomcoughlin/2021/10/28/dna-storage-update/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  8. Cowan, Katie (2020), ‘How residential schools led to intergenerational trauma in the Canadian indigenous population to influence parenting styles and family structures over generations’, Canadian Journal of Family and Youth/Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse, 12:2, pp. 26–35, https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/cjfy/index.php/cjfy/article/download/29511/21481. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Dasgupta, Alakananda (2021), ‘DNA of Native American leader Sitting Bull matched to living relative’, New Scientist, October 28, https://www.newscientist.com/article/2295264-dna-of-native-american-leader-sitting-bull-matched-to-living-relative/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  10. Davey, Alba (2016), ‘Clarifai wants you to correct AI's biggest gaffes’, WIRED, 5 October, https://www.wired.com/2016/10/clarifai-wants-correct-ais-biggest-gaffes. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  11. Desjardins, Jeff (2019), ‘How much data is generated each day?’, World Economic Forum, 17 April, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/04/how-much-data-is-generated-each-day-cf4bddf29f/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  12. Doudna, Jennifer A. and Sternberg, Samuel H. (2017), A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution, Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. ‘Due credit’ (2013), Nature, 496, 270, 17 April, https://doi.org/10.1038/496270a. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Essex, David (2021), ‘Why algorithmic auditing can't fully cope with AI bias in hiring’, TechTarget, 26 August, https://searchhrsoftware.techtarget.com/feature/Why-algorithmic-auditing-cant-fully-cope-with-AI-bias-in-hiring. Accessed 31 January 2023 .336
  15. ETH Zürich (2019), ‘Storing data in everyday objects’, YouTube, 10 December, https://youtu.be/yo5Q1WfpMtw. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  16. Farzadfard, Fahim (2020), ‘DNA storage in everyday objects’, Nature Biotechnology, 38:1, pp. 31–32, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-019-0376-8. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Fister, Karin Ljubič and Fister, Iztok, Jr. (n.d.), ‘Storing data into living plants’, http://www.storing-data-into-living-plant.net/experiment. Accessed 16 February 2018 .
  18. Galton, Francis (1865), ‘Hereditary character and talent’, Macmillan's Magazine, vol. 12, pp. 157–66, http://www.galton.org/essays/1860-1869/galton-1865-macmillan-hereditary-talent.html. Accessed 16 February 2018 .
  19. Galton, Francis (1869), Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry Into Its Laws and Consequences, London: Macmillan and Company.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Grady, Denise (2017), ‘F.D.A. panel recommends approval for gene-altering leukemia treatment’, New York Times, 12 July, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/health/fda-novartis-leukemia-gene-medicine.html. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  21. Greely, Henry T. (2021), CRISPR People: The Science and Ethics of Editing Humans, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/crispr-people.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Greshko, Michael (2021), ‘Mammoth-elephant hybrids could be created within the decade. Should they be?’, National Geographic, 13 September, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/mammoth-elephant-hybrids-could-be-created-within-the-decade-should-they-be. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  23. Harari, Yuval Noah (2016), Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, Toronto: Signal.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Haraway, Donna J. (1997), ‘Gene: Maps and portraits of life itself’, in Modest_Witness@Second_Millennium.Femaleman©_Meets_OncoMouse™: Feminism and Technoscience, New York: Routledge, pp. 131–72, https://books.google.com/books?id=ftO4jLQ2RM8C.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Haraway, Donna J. (2016), Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Harden, Kathryn Paige (2021), The Genetic Lottery: Why DNA Matters for Social Equality, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Helmreich, Stefan (2008), ‘Species of biocapital’, Science as Culture 17:4, pp. 463–78.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Hickman, Leo (2013), ‘If your dog is about to die, why not clone it?’, The Guardian, 11 March, https://www.theguardian.com/science/shortcuts/2013/mar/11/dog-about-to-die-clone-it. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Hine, Robert (ed.) (2019), ‘Genetic code’, in A Dictionary of Biology, 8th ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198821489.001.0001/acref-9780198821489-e-1838. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Hogan, Mél (2017), ‘Servers’, in J. Wenzel and P. Yaeger (eds), Fueling Culture: 101 Words for Energy and Environment, New York: Fordham University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Hogan, Mél (2018), ‘Templating life: DNA as nature's hard drive’, PUBLIC, 29:57, pp. 145–53.337
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Hogan, Mél (2020), ‘Genomic media’, Transmediale Marshall McLuhan Lecture 2020, Expanded Networks, Berlin: Embassy of Canada, 29 January, https://youtu.be/zoQRASLqENo?t=3234. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Hogan, Mél (2021a), ‘The pandemic's dark cloud’, A Nourishing Network, 22 January, https://a-nourishing-network.radical-openness.org/the-pandemics-dark-cloud.html. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Hogan, Mél (2021b), ‘The data center industrial complex’, in M. Jue and R. Ruiz (eds), Saturation: An Elemental Politics, Durham, NC, London: Duke University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Hu, Tung-Hui (2015), A Prehistory of the Cloud, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Kay, Lily E. (2000), Who Wrote the Book of Life?: A History of the Genetic Code, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Keller, Evelyn Fox (2002), The Century of the Gene, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Keller, Evelyn Fox (2010), The Mirage of a Space Between Nature and Nurture, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Koch, Julian , Gantenbein, Silvan , Masania, Kunal , Stark, Wendelin, J. , Erlich, Yaniv and Grass, Robert N. (2020), ‘A DNA-of-things storage architecture to create materials with embedded memory’, Nature Biotechnology, 38:1, pp. 39–43, https://www.gwern.net/docs/genetics/editing/2019-koch.pdf. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Kolata, Gina (2017), ‘Who needs hard drives? Scientists store film clip in DNA’, New York Times, 12 July, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/science/film-clip-stored-in-dna.html. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Lanchester, John (2017), ‘You are the product’, London Review of Books, 17 August, https://www.lrb.co.uk/v39/n16/john-lanchester/you-are-the-product. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Lewis, Ricki (2021), ‘Looking back 20 years after the unveiling of the first human genome sequence’, PLoS [Public Library of Science] Blogs, 28 October, https://dnascience.plos.org/2021/10/28/looking-back-20-years-after-the-unveiling-of-the-first-human-genome-sequence/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  43. Lohr, Steve (2015), Data-ism: The Revolution Transforming Decision Making, Consumer Behavior, and Almost Everything Else, New York: HarperCollins.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Machemer, Theresa (2021), ‘Scientists write “Hello World” in bacterial DNA with electricity and CRISPR’, Smithsonian Magazine, 15 January, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-write-hello-world-bacterial-dna-electricity-and-crispr-180976763/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  45. Marshall, Tabitha and Gallant, David ([2012] 2021), ‘Residential Schools in Canada’, (10 October) 1 June, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/residential-schools. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  46. Mendell, Madeleine , Hogan, Mél and Verhoeven, Deb (2022), ‘Matters (and metaphors) of life and death: How DNA storage doubles back on its promise to the world’, in N. Shuurman (ed.), The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien, 11 January, pp. 37–47.338
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Miescher, Friedrich (1871), ‘Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiterzellen’, Medicinisch-chemische Untersuchungen, 4, pp. 441–60.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Molteni, Megan (2018), ‘These DNA startups want to put all of you on the blockchain’, WIRED, 16 November, https://www.wired.com/story/these-dna-startups-want-to-put-all-of-you-on-the-blockchain/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  49. Morrison, Sara (2021), ‘A disturbing, viral Twitter thread reveals how AI-powered insurance can go wrong’, Vox, 27 May, https://www.vox.com/recode/22455140/lemonade-insurance-ai-twitter. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  50. Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2016), The Gene: An Intimate History, New York: Scribner.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Nelson, Alondra (2016), The Social Life of DNA: Race, Reparations, and Reconciliation After the Genome, Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. NHGRI (National Human Genome Research Institute) (n.d.), ‘Fact Sheet: Eugenics and Scientific Racism’, NHGRI, https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Eugenics-and-Scientific-Racism. Accessed 31 January 2023.
  53. NHGRI (National Human Genome Research Institute) (2023), ‘A new human “pangenome” reference’, National Human Genome Research Institute, 1 June, https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/new-human-pangenome-reference. Accessed 7 September 2023.
  54. NIH (National Institutes of Health) (2023), ‘Researchers assemble the first complete sequence of a human Y chromosome’, NIH Press Releases, 23 August, https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/researchers-assemble-first-complete-sequence-human-y-chromosome. Accessed 5 September 2023.
  55. NIH (National Institutes of Health) IRP (Intramural Research Program) (2023), ‘Computational biology’, NIH IRP, 8 March, https://irp.nih.gov/our-research/scientific-focus-areas/computational-biology. Accessed 7 September 2023.
  56. NobelPrize.org (2021), ‘Speed read: Deciphering life's enigma code’, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1962/summary/. Accessed 30 November 2021 .
  57. Parmelee, Charles Henry (1910), An Act Respecting Immigration, Ottawa: Canadian Research Knowledge Network, pp. 205–39, https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_07184/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Pray, Leslie A. (2008), ‘Discovery of DNA double helix: Watson and Crick’, Nature Education, 1:1, p. 100, https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/discovery-of-dna-structure-and-function-watson-397. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Rajan, Kaushik Sunder (2006), Biocapital: The Constitution of Postgenomic Life, Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Rajan, Kaushik Sunder (2017), Pharmocracy: Value, Politics, and Knowledge in Global Biomedicine, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Reardon, Jenny (2017), The Postgenomic Condition: Ethics, Justice, and Knowledge after the Genome, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Reardon, Jenny and TallBear, Kim (2012), ‘“Your DNA is our history”: Genomics, anthropology and the construction of whiteness as property’, Current Anthropology, 53:S5, S233–45.339
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Sample, Ian (2017), ‘Harvard scientists pioneer storage of video inside DNA’, The Guardian, 13 July, http://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jul/12/scientists-pioneer-a-new-revolution-in-biology-by-embeding-film-on-dna. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  64. Sapolsky, Robert M. (2017), Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst, New York: Penguin Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Schoenberg, William and Swartz, Jeremy (2023), ‘System dynamics, machine learning and structural validation’, in J. Swartz and J. Wasko (eds), LIFE: A Transdisciplinary Inquiry, Bristol: Intellect, pp. 289–308.
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Science History Institute([2016] 2017), ‘James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin’, Philadelphia: Science History Institute, (June) December, https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/james-watson-francis-crick-maurice-wilkins-and-rosalind-franklin. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  67. Service, Robert F. (2021), ‘Scientists “program” living bacteria to store data’, Science, 11 January, https://www.science.org/content/article/scientists-program-living-bacteria-store-data. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Shankland, Stephen (2019), ‘Startup packs all 16GB of Wikipedia onto DNA strands to demonstrate new storage tech’, CNET, 29 June, https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/startup-packs-all-16gb-wikipedia-onto-dna-strands-demonstrate-new-storage-tech/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Shipman, Seth L. , Nivala, Jeff , Macklis , Jeffrey D. and Church, George M. (2017), ‘CRISPR–Cas encoding of a digital movie into the genomes of a population of living bacteria’, Nature, 547:7663, pp. 345–49, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5842791/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  70. Simonite, Tom (2017), ‘Machines taught by photos learn a sexist view of women’, WIRED, 21 August, https://www.wired.com/story/machines-taught-by-photos-learn-a-sexist-view-of-women. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  71. Smith, Kiona N. (2018), ‘Rosalind Franklin died 60 years ago today without the Nobel Prize she deserved’, Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/kionasmith/2018/04/16/rosalind-franklin-died-60-years-ago-today-without-the-nobel-prize-she-deserved/. Accessed 30 November 2021 .
     [Google Scholar]
  72. Starosielski, Nicole (2014), ‘Media, hot and cold: The materiality of media heat’, International Journal of Communication, 8:5, pp. 2504–08.
     [Google Scholar]
  73. Stein, Rob (2015), ‘Critics lash out at Chinese scientists who edited DNA in human embryos’, NPR.org, 23 April, http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/04/23/401655818/critics-lash-out-at-chinese-scientists-who-edited-dna-in-human-embryos. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  74. Subbaraman, Nidhi (2021), ‘Caltech confronted its racist past. Here's what happened’, Nature, 599:7884, pp. 194–98, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03052-x. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  75. TallBear, Kim (2013), Native American DNA: Tribal Belonging and the False Promise of Genetic Science, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.340
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Trafton, Anne (2021), ‘Could all your digital photos be stored as DNA?’, MIT News Office, 10 June, https://news.mit.edu/2021/dna-data-storage-0610. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  77. Viramgama, Ashutosh (2018), ‘DNA Data Storage – Synthetic DNA – Future of Storage’, ashutoshviramgama.com, 9 December, https://ashutoshviramgama.com/dna-data-storage-synthetic-dna-future-of-storage/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  78. Veit, Walter , Anomaly, Jonathan , Agar, Nicholas , Singer, Peter , Fleischman, Diana S. and Minerva, Francesca (2021), ‘Can “eugenics” be defended?’, Monash Bioethics Review, 39, pp. 1–8, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40592-021-00129-1. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  79. Vitak, Sarah (2021), ‘Technology alliance boosts efforts to store data in DNA’, Nature, 3 March, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00534-w. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  80. Wiener, Norbert (1964), ‘Machines smarter than men?: Interview with Dr. Norbert Wiener, noted scientist’, U.S. News & World Report, 24 February, pp. 84–87, https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101584906X7699-doc. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Wray, Britt (2015), ‘What is the world really like?: Andrew Pickering explains why modern science isn't the only – or even right – way to figure that out’, Method, November, http://www.methodquarterly.com/2015/11/what-is-the-world-really-like. Accessed 16 February 2018 .
     [Google Scholar]
  82. Yim, Sung Sun , McBee, Ross M. , Song, Alan M. , Huang, Yiming , Sheth, Ravi U. and Wang, Harris H. (2021), ‘Robust direct digital-to-biological data storage in living cells’, Nature Chemical Biology, 17:3, pp. 246–53, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7904632/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  83. Yong, Ed (2017), ‘Scientists can use CRISPR to store images and movies in bacteria’, The Atlantic, 12 July, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/07/scientists-can-use-crispr-to-store-images-and-movies-in-bacteria/533400. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  84. Zimmer, Carl (2021), ‘Scientists finish the human genome at last’, New York Times, 23 July, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/23/science/human-genome-complete.html. Accessed 31 January 2023.
    [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Alang, Navneet (2017), ‘Turns out algorithms are racist’, The New Republic, 31 August, https://newrepublic.com/article/144644/turns-algorithms-racist. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  2. Birch, Kean and Tyfield, David (2012), ‘Theorizing the bioeconomy: Biovalue, biocapital, bioeconomics or … what?’, Science, Technology, & Human Values, 38:3, pp. 299–327.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bivens, Rena and Haimson, Oliver L. (2016), ‘Baking gender into social media design: How platforms shape categories for users and advertisers’, Social Media + Society, 2:4, pp. 1–12.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Cammack, Richard , Atwood, Teresa , Campbell, Peter , Parish, Howard , Smith, Anthony , Vella, Frank and Stirling, John (eds) (2008), ‘Code’, Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198529170.001.0001/acref-9780198529170-e-3752. Accessed 30 November 2021 .
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Ceze, Luis and Strauss, Karin (2017), ‘Storing data in DNA brings nature into the digital universe’, Scientific American, 29 July, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/storing-data-in-dna-brings-nature-into-the-digital-universe. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  6. ‘code, n.’ (2023), OED Online, Oxford: Oxford University Press, https://www.oed.com/dictionary/code_n. Accessed 24 July 2023 .
  7. Coughlin, Tom (2021), ‘DNA storage update’, Forbes, 28 October, https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomcoughlin/2021/10/28/dna-storage-update/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  8. Cowan, Katie (2020), ‘How residential schools led to intergenerational trauma in the Canadian indigenous population to influence parenting styles and family structures over generations’, Canadian Journal of Family and Youth/Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse, 12:2, pp. 26–35, https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/cjfy/index.php/cjfy/article/download/29511/21481. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Dasgupta, Alakananda (2021), ‘DNA of Native American leader Sitting Bull matched to living relative’, New Scientist, October 28, https://www.newscientist.com/article/2295264-dna-of-native-american-leader-sitting-bull-matched-to-living-relative/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  10. Davey, Alba (2016), ‘Clarifai wants you to correct AI's biggest gaffes’, WIRED, 5 October, https://www.wired.com/2016/10/clarifai-wants-correct-ais-biggest-gaffes. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  11. Desjardins, Jeff (2019), ‘How much data is generated each day?’, World Economic Forum, 17 April, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/04/how-much-data-is-generated-each-day-cf4bddf29f/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  12. Doudna, Jennifer A. and Sternberg, Samuel H. (2017), A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution, Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. ‘Due credit’ (2013), Nature, 496, 270, 17 April, https://doi.org/10.1038/496270a. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Essex, David (2021), ‘Why algorithmic auditing can't fully cope with AI bias in hiring’, TechTarget, 26 August, https://searchhrsoftware.techtarget.com/feature/Why-algorithmic-auditing-cant-fully-cope-with-AI-bias-in-hiring. Accessed 31 January 2023 .336
  15. ETH Zürich (2019), ‘Storing data in everyday objects’, YouTube, 10 December, https://youtu.be/yo5Q1WfpMtw. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  16. Farzadfard, Fahim (2020), ‘DNA storage in everyday objects’, Nature Biotechnology, 38:1, pp. 31–32, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-019-0376-8. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Fister, Karin Ljubič and Fister, Iztok, Jr. (n.d.), ‘Storing data into living plants’, http://www.storing-data-into-living-plant.net/experiment. Accessed 16 February 2018 .
  18. Galton, Francis (1865), ‘Hereditary character and talent’, Macmillan's Magazine, vol. 12, pp. 157–66, http://www.galton.org/essays/1860-1869/galton-1865-macmillan-hereditary-talent.html. Accessed 16 February 2018 .
  19. Galton, Francis (1869), Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry Into Its Laws and Consequences, London: Macmillan and Company.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Grady, Denise (2017), ‘F.D.A. panel recommends approval for gene-altering leukemia treatment’, New York Times, 12 July, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/health/fda-novartis-leukemia-gene-medicine.html. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  21. Greely, Henry T. (2021), CRISPR People: The Science and Ethics of Editing Humans, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/crispr-people.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Greshko, Michael (2021), ‘Mammoth-elephant hybrids could be created within the decade. Should they be?’, National Geographic, 13 September, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/mammoth-elephant-hybrids-could-be-created-within-the-decade-should-they-be. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  23. Harari, Yuval Noah (2016), Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, Toronto: Signal.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Haraway, Donna J. (1997), ‘Gene: Maps and portraits of life itself’, in Modest_Witness@Second_Millennium.Femaleman©_Meets_OncoMouse™: Feminism and Technoscience, New York: Routledge, pp. 131–72, https://books.google.com/books?id=ftO4jLQ2RM8C.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Haraway, Donna J. (2016), Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Harden, Kathryn Paige (2021), The Genetic Lottery: Why DNA Matters for Social Equality, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Helmreich, Stefan (2008), ‘Species of biocapital’, Science as Culture 17:4, pp. 463–78.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Hickman, Leo (2013), ‘If your dog is about to die, why not clone it?’, The Guardian, 11 March, https://www.theguardian.com/science/shortcuts/2013/mar/11/dog-about-to-die-clone-it. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Hine, Robert (ed.) (2019), ‘Genetic code’, in A Dictionary of Biology, 8th ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198821489.001.0001/acref-9780198821489-e-1838. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Hogan, Mél (2017), ‘Servers’, in J. Wenzel and P. Yaeger (eds), Fueling Culture: 101 Words for Energy and Environment, New York: Fordham University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Hogan, Mél (2018), ‘Templating life: DNA as nature's hard drive’, PUBLIC, 29:57, pp. 145–53.337
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Hogan, Mél (2020), ‘Genomic media’, Transmediale Marshall McLuhan Lecture 2020, Expanded Networks, Berlin: Embassy of Canada, 29 January, https://youtu.be/zoQRASLqENo?t=3234. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Hogan, Mél (2021a), ‘The pandemic's dark cloud’, A Nourishing Network, 22 January, https://a-nourishing-network.radical-openness.org/the-pandemics-dark-cloud.html. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Hogan, Mél (2021b), ‘The data center industrial complex’, in M. Jue and R. Ruiz (eds), Saturation: An Elemental Politics, Durham, NC, London: Duke University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Hu, Tung-Hui (2015), A Prehistory of the Cloud, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Kay, Lily E. (2000), Who Wrote the Book of Life?: A History of the Genetic Code, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Keller, Evelyn Fox (2002), The Century of the Gene, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Keller, Evelyn Fox (2010), The Mirage of a Space Between Nature and Nurture, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Koch, Julian , Gantenbein, Silvan , Masania, Kunal , Stark, Wendelin, J. , Erlich, Yaniv and Grass, Robert N. (2020), ‘A DNA-of-things storage architecture to create materials with embedded memory’, Nature Biotechnology, 38:1, pp. 39–43, https://www.gwern.net/docs/genetics/editing/2019-koch.pdf. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Kolata, Gina (2017), ‘Who needs hard drives? Scientists store film clip in DNA’, New York Times, 12 July, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/science/film-clip-stored-in-dna.html. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Lanchester, John (2017), ‘You are the product’, London Review of Books, 17 August, https://www.lrb.co.uk/v39/n16/john-lanchester/you-are-the-product. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Lewis, Ricki (2021), ‘Looking back 20 years after the unveiling of the first human genome sequence’, PLoS [Public Library of Science] Blogs, 28 October, https://dnascience.plos.org/2021/10/28/looking-back-20-years-after-the-unveiling-of-the-first-human-genome-sequence/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  43. Lohr, Steve (2015), Data-ism: The Revolution Transforming Decision Making, Consumer Behavior, and Almost Everything Else, New York: HarperCollins.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Machemer, Theresa (2021), ‘Scientists write “Hello World” in bacterial DNA with electricity and CRISPR’, Smithsonian Magazine, 15 January, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-write-hello-world-bacterial-dna-electricity-and-crispr-180976763/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  45. Marshall, Tabitha and Gallant, David ([2012] 2021), ‘Residential Schools in Canada’, (10 October) 1 June, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/residential-schools. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  46. Mendell, Madeleine , Hogan, Mél and Verhoeven, Deb (2022), ‘Matters (and metaphors) of life and death: How DNA storage doubles back on its promise to the world’, in N. Shuurman (ed.), The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien, 11 January, pp. 37–47.338
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Miescher, Friedrich (1871), ‘Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiterzellen’, Medicinisch-chemische Untersuchungen, 4, pp. 441–60.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Molteni, Megan (2018), ‘These DNA startups want to put all of you on the blockchain’, WIRED, 16 November, https://www.wired.com/story/these-dna-startups-want-to-put-all-of-you-on-the-blockchain/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  49. Morrison, Sara (2021), ‘A disturbing, viral Twitter thread reveals how AI-powered insurance can go wrong’, Vox, 27 May, https://www.vox.com/recode/22455140/lemonade-insurance-ai-twitter. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  50. Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2016), The Gene: An Intimate History, New York: Scribner.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Nelson, Alondra (2016), The Social Life of DNA: Race, Reparations, and Reconciliation After the Genome, Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. NHGRI (National Human Genome Research Institute) (n.d.), ‘Fact Sheet: Eugenics and Scientific Racism’, NHGRI, https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Eugenics-and-Scientific-Racism. Accessed 31 January 2023.
  53. NHGRI (National Human Genome Research Institute) (2023), ‘A new human “pangenome” reference’, National Human Genome Research Institute, 1 June, https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/new-human-pangenome-reference. Accessed 7 September 2023.
  54. NIH (National Institutes of Health) (2023), ‘Researchers assemble the first complete sequence of a human Y chromosome’, NIH Press Releases, 23 August, https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/researchers-assemble-first-complete-sequence-human-y-chromosome. Accessed 5 September 2023.
  55. NIH (National Institutes of Health) IRP (Intramural Research Program) (2023), ‘Computational biology’, NIH IRP, 8 March, https://irp.nih.gov/our-research/scientific-focus-areas/computational-biology. Accessed 7 September 2023.
  56. NobelPrize.org (2021), ‘Speed read: Deciphering life's enigma code’, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1962/summary/. Accessed 30 November 2021 .
  57. Parmelee, Charles Henry (1910), An Act Respecting Immigration, Ottawa: Canadian Research Knowledge Network, pp. 205–39, https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_07184/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Pray, Leslie A. (2008), ‘Discovery of DNA double helix: Watson and Crick’, Nature Education, 1:1, p. 100, https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/discovery-of-dna-structure-and-function-watson-397. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Rajan, Kaushik Sunder (2006), Biocapital: The Constitution of Postgenomic Life, Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Rajan, Kaushik Sunder (2017), Pharmocracy: Value, Politics, and Knowledge in Global Biomedicine, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Reardon, Jenny (2017), The Postgenomic Condition: Ethics, Justice, and Knowledge after the Genome, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Reardon, Jenny and TallBear, Kim (2012), ‘“Your DNA is our history”: Genomics, anthropology and the construction of whiteness as property’, Current Anthropology, 53:S5, S233–45.339
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Sample, Ian (2017), ‘Harvard scientists pioneer storage of video inside DNA’, The Guardian, 13 July, http://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jul/12/scientists-pioneer-a-new-revolution-in-biology-by-embeding-film-on-dna. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  64. Sapolsky, Robert M. (2017), Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst, New York: Penguin Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Schoenberg, William and Swartz, Jeremy (2023), ‘System dynamics, machine learning and structural validation’, in J. Swartz and J. Wasko (eds), LIFE: A Transdisciplinary Inquiry, Bristol: Intellect, pp. 289–308.
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Science History Institute([2016] 2017), ‘James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin’, Philadelphia: Science History Institute, (June) December, https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/james-watson-francis-crick-maurice-wilkins-and-rosalind-franklin. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  67. Service, Robert F. (2021), ‘Scientists “program” living bacteria to store data’, Science, 11 January, https://www.science.org/content/article/scientists-program-living-bacteria-store-data. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Shankland, Stephen (2019), ‘Startup packs all 16GB of Wikipedia onto DNA strands to demonstrate new storage tech’, CNET, 29 June, https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/startup-packs-all-16gb-wikipedia-onto-dna-strands-demonstrate-new-storage-tech/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Shipman, Seth L. , Nivala, Jeff , Macklis , Jeffrey D. and Church, George M. (2017), ‘CRISPR–Cas encoding of a digital movie into the genomes of a population of living bacteria’, Nature, 547:7663, pp. 345–49, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5842791/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  70. Simonite, Tom (2017), ‘Machines taught by photos learn a sexist view of women’, WIRED, 21 August, https://www.wired.com/story/machines-taught-by-photos-learn-a-sexist-view-of-women. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  71. Smith, Kiona N. (2018), ‘Rosalind Franklin died 60 years ago today without the Nobel Prize she deserved’, Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/kionasmith/2018/04/16/rosalind-franklin-died-60-years-ago-today-without-the-nobel-prize-she-deserved/. Accessed 30 November 2021 .
     [Google Scholar]
  72. Starosielski, Nicole (2014), ‘Media, hot and cold: The materiality of media heat’, International Journal of Communication, 8:5, pp. 2504–08.
     [Google Scholar]
  73. Stein, Rob (2015), ‘Critics lash out at Chinese scientists who edited DNA in human embryos’, NPR.org, 23 April, http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/04/23/401655818/critics-lash-out-at-chinese-scientists-who-edited-dna-in-human-embryos. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
  74. Subbaraman, Nidhi (2021), ‘Caltech confronted its racist past. Here's what happened’, Nature, 599:7884, pp. 194–98, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03052-x. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  75. TallBear, Kim (2013), Native American DNA: Tribal Belonging and the False Promise of Genetic Science, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.340
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Trafton, Anne (2021), ‘Could all your digital photos be stored as DNA?’, MIT News Office, 10 June, https://news.mit.edu/2021/dna-data-storage-0610. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  77. Viramgama, Ashutosh (2018), ‘DNA Data Storage – Synthetic DNA – Future of Storage’, ashutoshviramgama.com, 9 December, https://ashutoshviramgama.com/dna-data-storage-synthetic-dna-future-of-storage/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  78. Veit, Walter , Anomaly, Jonathan , Agar, Nicholas , Singer, Peter , Fleischman, Diana S. and Minerva, Francesca (2021), ‘Can “eugenics” be defended?’, Monash Bioethics Review, 39, pp. 1–8, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40592-021-00129-1. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  79. Vitak, Sarah (2021), ‘Technology alliance boosts efforts to store data in DNA’, Nature, 3 March, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00534-w. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  80. Wiener, Norbert (1964), ‘Machines smarter than men?: Interview with Dr. Norbert Wiener, noted scientist’, U.S. News & World Report, 24 February, pp. 84–87, https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101584906X7699-doc. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Wray, Britt (2015), ‘What is the world really like?: Andrew Pickering explains why modern science isn't the only – or even right – way to figure that out’, Method, November, http://www.methodquarterly.com/2015/11/what-is-the-world-really-like. Accessed 16 February 2018 .
     [Google Scholar]
  82. Yim, Sung Sun , McBee, Ross M. , Song, Alan M. , Huang, Yiming , Sheth, Ravi U. and Wang, Harris H. (2021), ‘Robust direct digital-to-biological data storage in living cells’, Nature Chemical Biology, 17:3, pp. 246–53, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7904632/. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  83. Yong, Ed (2017), ‘Scientists can use CRISPR to store images and movies in bacteria’, The Atlantic, 12 July, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/07/scientists-can-use-crispr-to-store-images-and-movies-in-bacteria/533400. Accessed 31 January 2023 .
     [Google Scholar]
  84. Zimmer, Carl (2021), ‘Scientists finish the human genome at last’, New York Times, 23 July, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/23/science/human-genome-complete.html. Accessed 31 January 2023.
    [Google Scholar]

  • From This Site

    /content/books/9781789387926.c15
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
/content/books/9781789387926.c15
dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
-contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
10
5
Chapter
content/books/9781789387926
Book
false
en
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error