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Music of the Leeds West Indian Carnival

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References

  1. Anon. (n.d.a), ‘Sounds of Yorkshire’, Discogs, https://www.discogs.com/Various-Sounds-Of-Yorkshire/release/7900221. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  2. Anon. (n.d.b). ‘Island In The Sun’, https://www.discogs.com/St-Christopher-Steel-Band-Island-In-The-Sun/release/8334398. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  3. Anon. (1972), ‘Caribbean extravaganza’, Yorkshire Post, 29 August, p. 5.
  4. Anon. (1974). ‘Caribbean Carnival takes to rain dance’, Yorkshire Evening Post, 27 August, p. 8.
  5. Anon. (1976), Radio Times, 2738, 29 April, p. 17.
  6. Anon. (1977a), Radio Times, 2822, 8 December, p. 67.
  7. Anon. (1977b), ‘Leeds Carnival – 10 years on the road’, Chapeltown News, October, pp. 7–9.
  8. Anon. (1984), Leeds West Indian Carnival Queen Show Programme, Leeds: Leeds West Indian Carnival.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Anon. (1986), ‘Reggae riot in Rodley’, Leeds Other Paper, 22 August, p. 2.
  10. Anon. (1987a), ‘Profile on Melvyn Zakers – Steelband Achiever’, The Official Carnival Magazine, August, p. 22.
  11. Anon. (1987b), ‘The Paradise Steel Orchestra’, The Official Carnival Magazine, August, p. 24.
  12. Anon. (1988a), ‘Carnival’, Leeds Other Paper, 26 August, p. 6.
  13. Anon. (1988b), ‘The future of carnival lies with the youth’, The Official Carnival Magazine, August, p. 12.
  14. Anon. (1989), Carnival Queen Show Programme, Leeds: LWIC Committee.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Anon. (1990a), ‘George Hendrickson – King of Carnival String’, The Official Carnival Magazine, August, pp. 10–11.
  16. Anon. (1990b), ‘The Caribbean Steel Band – 30 Years of Golden Melodies’, The Official Carnival Magazine, August, pp. 12–13.203
  17. Anon. (1996), Carnival Queen Show Programme, Leeds: s.n.
  18. Anon. (2012), Calypso Monarchs’, Febuary, https://web.archive.org/web/20120213174550/http://www.leedscarnival.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=158&Itemid=48. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  19. Anon. (2014), Calypso Monarch Flyer, Leeds: s.n.
  20. Anon. (2018), ‘Brief history of Foxwood Steel’, January 2018 https://foxwoodpanyard.com/brief-history-of-foxwood-steel/. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  21. Bellamy, Alison (2011), ‘Ban on steelbands in Leeds West Indian Carnival parade’, Yorkshire Evening Post, 19 August.
  22. Connor, Geraldine (2011), Pan: The Steelband Movement in Britain, 1st ed., Leeds: Gbakhanda.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Davis, Arthur (1967), ‘St. Kitts Is My Borning Land’ [Song], Leeds: s.n.
  24. Davis, Arthur (2017), in-person interview with Carnival Chronicles Team, Leeds, 17 June.
  25. Farara, Brenda (2008), ‘Guns and Knives’ [Song], Leeds: s.n.
  26. Farara, Brenda (2017), in-person interview with Carnival Chronicles Team, Leeds, 17 June.
  27. Farrar, Max (1988a), ‘The cockspur crew’, The Official Carnival Magazine, August, p. 28.
  28. Farrar, Max (1988b), ‘A dream come true’, The Official Carnival Magazine, August, pp. 24–25.
  29. Farrar, Max (2017), Celebrate! 50 Years of Leeds West Indian Carnival, 1st ed., Leeds: Northern Arts Publications.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. France, Arthur (2017), in-person interview with Carnival Chronicles Team, Leeds, 17 June.
  31. France, Arthur (2018), in-person interview with J. Williams and D. Friar, Leeds, 5 May.
  32. Freeman, Henry and Henry, Albert (2017), in-person interview with Carnival Chronicles Team, Leeds, 17 June.
  33. Friar, Danny (2017a), ‘Opportunity knocks – the Caribbean all steel band 1958–1965’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 October, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2017/10/16/opportunity-knocks-the-caribbean-all-steel-band-1958-1965/. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  34. Friar, Danny (2017b), ‘Rockstead Bedrock – The Bedrocks 1966–1970’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 December, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2017/12/18/rocksteady-bedrock-the-bedrocks-1966-1970/. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  35. Friar, Danny (2018a), ‘Europe's first West Indian Carnival – London or Leeds?’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 May, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2018/05/27/europes-first-west-indian-carnival-london-or-leeds/. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  36. Friar, Danny (2018b), ‘Sun Worshippers: Leeds West Indian Carnival 1970’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 April, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2018/04/02/sun-worshippers-leeds-west-indian-carnival-1970/. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  37. Friar, Danny (2018c), ‘Sound Clash Carnival: Leeds West Indian Carnival 1980’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 November, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2018/11/02/sound-clash-carnival-leeds-west-indian-carnival-1980/. 11 April 2020.
  38. Friar, Danny (2019a), ‘Olympic Carnival: Leeds West Indian Carnival 1984’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 March, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2019/03/14/olympic-carnival-leeds-west-indian-carnival-1984/. Accessed 11 April 2020.204
  39. Friar, Danny (2019b), ‘Pan forever: A brief history of the New World Steel Orchetra – 1984–2019’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 October, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2019/10/16/pan-forever-a-brief-history-of-the-new-world-steel-orchestra-1984-2019/. Accessed 12 April 2020.
  40. Friar, Danny (2019c), ‘Where culture waits on the corner: Leeds West Indian Carnival 1986’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 April, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2019/04/25/where-culture-waits-on-the-corner-leeds-west-indian-carnival-1986/. Accessed 12 April 2020.
  41. Friar, Danny and Pitter, Susan (2018), ‘Carnival music & Leeds’, Leeds Carnival, 1 June, www.leedscarnival.co.uk/leeds-carnival-50-heritage/carnival-music-leeds/. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  42. Henriques, Julian and Ferrara, Beatrice (2014), ‘The sounding of the Notting Hill Carnival: Music as space, place and territory’, in J. Stratton and N. Zuberi (eds), Black Popular Music in Britain Since 1945, Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 131–52.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Hughes, Felina (2017), in-person interview with Carnival Chronicles Team, Leeds, 17 June.
  44. Jeffers, Debbie (2014), Details of Nomination – Arthur France, Leeds: s.n.
  45. Khanum, S. (1989), ‘United sounds’, Leeds Other Paper, 11 August, p. 6.
  46. Morris, Annette (2018), in-person interview with D. Friar, Leeds, 20 October.
  47. Pitter, Susan (2019), Eulogy, 1st ed., Leeds: Jamaica Society Leeds.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Roscoe Methodist Church (2011), Roscoe Methodist Church, Leeds: A Unique History, 1st ed, Leeds: Roscoe Methodist Church.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Scott, Thomas (1986), ‘On the move with the macassars’, Leeds Other Paper, 11 April, pp. 10–11.
  50. Wallace, Mitch (2017), in-person interview with Carnival Chronicles Team, Leeds, 17 June
  51. Watley, Rex (2017), in-person interview with Carnival Chronicles Team, Leeds, 17 June.
  52. Wenham, Angela (2018), personal conversation with author, Leeds.
  53. Wenham, Leroy (2021), interviewed by L. Gumbs, Eat Your Greens, Stable Radio, Leeds, 11 June.

References

  1. Anon. (n.d.a), ‘Sounds of Yorkshire’, Discogs, https://www.discogs.com/Various-Sounds-Of-Yorkshire/release/7900221. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  2. Anon. (n.d.b). ‘Island In The Sun’, https://www.discogs.com/St-Christopher-Steel-Band-Island-In-The-Sun/release/8334398. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  3. Anon. (1972), ‘Caribbean extravaganza’, Yorkshire Post, 29 August, p. 5.
  4. Anon. (1974). ‘Caribbean Carnival takes to rain dance’, Yorkshire Evening Post, 27 August, p. 8.
  5. Anon. (1976), Radio Times, 2738, 29 April, p. 17.
  6. Anon. (1977a), Radio Times, 2822, 8 December, p. 67.
  7. Anon. (1977b), ‘Leeds Carnival – 10 years on the road’, Chapeltown News, October, pp. 7–9.
  8. Anon. (1984), Leeds West Indian Carnival Queen Show Programme, Leeds: Leeds West Indian Carnival.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Anon. (1986), ‘Reggae riot in Rodley’, Leeds Other Paper, 22 August, p. 2.
  10. Anon. (1987a), ‘Profile on Melvyn Zakers – Steelband Achiever’, The Official Carnival Magazine, August, p. 22.
  11. Anon. (1987b), ‘The Paradise Steel Orchestra’, The Official Carnival Magazine, August, p. 24.
  12. Anon. (1988a), ‘Carnival’, Leeds Other Paper, 26 August, p. 6.
  13. Anon. (1988b), ‘The future of carnival lies with the youth’, The Official Carnival Magazine, August, p. 12.
  14. Anon. (1989), Carnival Queen Show Programme, Leeds: LWIC Committee.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Anon. (1990a), ‘George Hendrickson – King of Carnival String’, The Official Carnival Magazine, August, pp. 10–11.
  16. Anon. (1990b), ‘The Caribbean Steel Band – 30 Years of Golden Melodies’, The Official Carnival Magazine, August, pp. 12–13.203
  17. Anon. (1996), Carnival Queen Show Programme, Leeds: s.n.
  18. Anon. (2012), Calypso Monarchs’, Febuary, https://web.archive.org/web/20120213174550/http://www.leedscarnival.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=158&Itemid=48. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  19. Anon. (2014), Calypso Monarch Flyer, Leeds: s.n.
  20. Anon. (2018), ‘Brief history of Foxwood Steel’, January 2018 https://foxwoodpanyard.com/brief-history-of-foxwood-steel/. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  21. Bellamy, Alison (2011), ‘Ban on steelbands in Leeds West Indian Carnival parade’, Yorkshire Evening Post, 19 August.
  22. Connor, Geraldine (2011), Pan: The Steelband Movement in Britain, 1st ed., Leeds: Gbakhanda.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Davis, Arthur (1967), ‘St. Kitts Is My Borning Land’ [Song], Leeds: s.n.
  24. Davis, Arthur (2017), in-person interview with Carnival Chronicles Team, Leeds, 17 June.
  25. Farara, Brenda (2008), ‘Guns and Knives’ [Song], Leeds: s.n.
  26. Farara, Brenda (2017), in-person interview with Carnival Chronicles Team, Leeds, 17 June.
  27. Farrar, Max (1988a), ‘The cockspur crew’, The Official Carnival Magazine, August, p. 28.
  28. Farrar, Max (1988b), ‘A dream come true’, The Official Carnival Magazine, August, pp. 24–25.
  29. Farrar, Max (2017), Celebrate! 50 Years of Leeds West Indian Carnival, 1st ed., Leeds: Northern Arts Publications.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. France, Arthur (2017), in-person interview with Carnival Chronicles Team, Leeds, 17 June.
  31. France, Arthur (2018), in-person interview with J. Williams and D. Friar, Leeds, 5 May.
  32. Freeman, Henry and Henry, Albert (2017), in-person interview with Carnival Chronicles Team, Leeds, 17 June.
  33. Friar, Danny (2017a), ‘Opportunity knocks – the Caribbean all steel band 1958–1965’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 October, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2017/10/16/opportunity-knocks-the-caribbean-all-steel-band-1958-1965/. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  34. Friar, Danny (2017b), ‘Rockstead Bedrock – The Bedrocks 1966–1970’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 December, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2017/12/18/rocksteady-bedrock-the-bedrocks-1966-1970/. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  35. Friar, Danny (2018a), ‘Europe's first West Indian Carnival – London or Leeds?’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 May, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2018/05/27/europes-first-west-indian-carnival-london-or-leeds/. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  36. Friar, Danny (2018b), ‘Sun Worshippers: Leeds West Indian Carnival 1970’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 April, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2018/04/02/sun-worshippers-leeds-west-indian-carnival-1970/. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  37. Friar, Danny (2018c), ‘Sound Clash Carnival: Leeds West Indian Carnival 1980’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 November, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2018/11/02/sound-clash-carnival-leeds-west-indian-carnival-1980/. 11 April 2020.
  38. Friar, Danny (2019a), ‘Olympic Carnival: Leeds West Indian Carnival 1984’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 March, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2019/03/14/olympic-carnival-leeds-west-indian-carnival-1984/. Accessed 11 April 2020.204
  39. Friar, Danny (2019b), ‘Pan forever: A brief history of the New World Steel Orchetra – 1984–2019’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 October, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2019/10/16/pan-forever-a-brief-history-of-the-new-world-steel-orchestra-1984-2019/. Accessed 12 April 2020.
  40. Friar, Danny (2019c), ‘Where culture waits on the corner: Leeds West Indian Carnival 1986’, Leeds Mas Media, 1 April, https://leedsmasmedia.wordpress.com/2019/04/25/where-culture-waits-on-the-corner-leeds-west-indian-carnival-1986/. Accessed 12 April 2020.
  41. Friar, Danny and Pitter, Susan (2018), ‘Carnival music & Leeds’, Leeds Carnival, 1 June, www.leedscarnival.co.uk/leeds-carnival-50-heritage/carnival-music-leeds/. Accessed 11 April 2020.
  42. Henriques, Julian and Ferrara, Beatrice (2014), ‘The sounding of the Notting Hill Carnival: Music as space, place and territory’, in J. Stratton and N. Zuberi (eds), Black Popular Music in Britain Since 1945, Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 131–52.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Hughes, Felina (2017), in-person interview with Carnival Chronicles Team, Leeds, 17 June.
  44. Jeffers, Debbie (2014), Details of Nomination – Arthur France, Leeds: s.n.
  45. Khanum, S. (1989), ‘United sounds’, Leeds Other Paper, 11 August, p. 6.
  46. Morris, Annette (2018), in-person interview with D. Friar, Leeds, 20 October.
  47. Pitter, Susan (2019), Eulogy, 1st ed., Leeds: Jamaica Society Leeds.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Roscoe Methodist Church (2011), Roscoe Methodist Church, Leeds: A Unique History, 1st ed, Leeds: Roscoe Methodist Church.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Scott, Thomas (1986), ‘On the move with the macassars’, Leeds Other Paper, 11 April, pp. 10–11.
  50. Wallace, Mitch (2017), in-person interview with Carnival Chronicles Team, Leeds, 17 June
  51. Watley, Rex (2017), in-person interview with Carnival Chronicles Team, Leeds, 17 June.
  52. Wenham, Angela (2018), personal conversation with author, Leeds.
  53. Wenham, Leroy (2021), interviewed by L. Gumbs, Eat Your Greens, Stable Radio, Leeds, 11 June.

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