The Competitive Advantage of Junk News

References

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References

1. Bradshaw, Samantha (2019), ‘Disinformation optimised: Gaming search engine algorithms to amplify junk news’, Internet Policy Review, 8:4, pp. 1–24.
   [Google Scholar]
2. Bradshaw, Samantha , Howard, Philip , Kollanyi, Bence , and Neudert, Lisa-Maria (2019), ‘Sourcing and automation of political news and information over social media in the United States, 2016–2018’, Political Communication, 37, pp. 173–93.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Deuze, Mark (2005), ‘What is journalism? Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered’, Journalism, 6:4, pp. 442–64.66
   [Google Scholar]
4. Edelson, Laura , Nguyen, Minh-Kha , Goldstein, Ian , Goga, Oana , McCoy, Damon , and Lauinger, Tobias (2021), ‘Understanding engagement with US (mis)information news sources on Facebook’, in Proceedings of the 21st ACM Internet Measurement Conference, November, pp. 444–63.
   [Google Scholar]
5. Ferrer-Conill, Raul and Tandoc Jr., Edson C. (2018), ‘The audience-oriented editor: Making sense of the audience in the newsroom’, Digital Journalism, 6:4, pp. 436–53.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Finkelstein, David (2008), ‘Investigative journalism’, Journalism Practice, 2:1, pp. 130–34.
   [Google Scholar]
7. First Draft Staff (2021), ‘Covid vaccine fact-checks have a problem: Few people are clicking’, Nieman Lab, 10 June, https://www.niemanlab.org/2021/06/covid-vaccine-fact-checks-have-a-problem-few-people-are-clicking/. Accessed 20 June 2023 .
   [Google Scholar]
8. Friedberg, Brian and Donovan, Joan (2019), ‘On the Internet, nobody knows you're a bot: Pseudoanonymous influence operations and networked social movements’, Journal of Design and Science, 6, n.pag.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Gu, Lion , Kropotov, Vladimir , and Yarochkin, Fyodor (2017), ‘The fake news machine: How propagandists abuse the internet and manipulate the public’, Trend Micro, 25, pp. 1–81.
   [Google Scholar]
10. Hanusch, Folker and Tandoc Jr., Edson C. (2019), ‘Comments, analytics, and social media: The impact of audience feedback on journalists’ market orientation’, Journalism, 20:6, pp. 695–713.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Hao, Karen (2021), ‘Troll farms reached 140 million Americans a month on Facebook before 2020 election, internal report shows’, MIT Technology Review, 16 September, https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/09/16/1035851/facebook-troll-farms-report-us-2020-election/. Accessed 20 June 2023 .
12. Hills, Thomas T. (2019), ‘The dark side of information proliferation’, Perspectives on Psychological Science, pp. 1–8.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Howard, Philip N. , Bolsover, Gillian , Kollanyi, Bence , Bradshaw, Samantha , and Neudert, Lisa-Maria (2017), ‘Junk news and bots during the US election: What were Michigan voters sharing over Twitter’, CompProp, OII, Data Memo, Oxford: Project on Computational Propaganda, www.politicalbots.org. Accessed 20 June 2023.
14. Lazer, David M. et al. (2018), ‘The science of fake news’, Science, 359:6380, pp. 1094–96.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Narayanan, Vidya , Barash, Vlad , Kelly, John , Kollanyi, Bence , Neudert, Lisa-Maria , and Howard, Philip N. (2018), ‘Polarization, partisanship and junk news consumption over social media in the US’, arXiv:abs/1803.01845, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1803.01845.
16. Shaheen, Kareem (2016), ‘Covering the last days of Aleppo: Even from afar, the heart breaks’, The Guardian, 22 December, https://niemanstoryboard.org/stories/covering-the-last-days-of-aleppo-even-from-afar-the-heart-breaks/. Accessed 20 June 2023 .
    [Google Scholar]
17. Tandoc Jr., Edson C. , Lim, Zhang W. , and Ling, Richard (2018), ‘Defining “fake news”: A typology of scholarly definitions’, Digital Journalism, 6:2, pp. 137–53.67
    [Google Scholar]
18. Venturini, Tommaso (2019), ‘From fake to junk news’, in D. Bigo , E. Isin , and E. Ruppert (eds), Data Politics: Worlds, Subjects, Rights, Oxford: Routledge, pp. 123–44.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Yates, Dean (2016), ‘The road to Ward 17: My battle with PTSD’, Reuters, 15 November, https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/ptsd-witness-yates/. Accessed 20 June 2023 .
    [Google Scholar]