The moaning of (un-)life: Animacy, muteness and eugenics in cinematic and televisual representation | Intellect Skip to content
1981
Volume 4, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 2057-0341
  • E-ISSN: 2057-035X

Abstract

Abstract

This article analyses the eugenicist imperative governing speaking and non-speaking characters in western televisual representations, including films such as (1935) and (2017), and in the trope of the zombie. Typically, sublinguistic sounds are either assigned to human characters with supposed intellectual disabilities, or to reanimated, subhuman characters such as monsters and zombies. In both cases, characters denied speech are subject to isolation, sterilization or death, thus mirroring the status of voice in western constructions of humanness as it informs eugenicist discourse on disability.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/jivs_00007_1
2019-10-01
2024-04-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Applebaum, Laura I.. (2018a);, 'Deviancy, dependency, and disability: The forgotten history of eugenics and mass incarceration'. , Duke Law Journal, 68:3, pp. 417-78.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Applebaum, Stephen. (2018b);, 'Guillermo del Toro on the deeper meaning in "The Shape of Water"'. , The National, 29 January, https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/film/guillermo-del-toro-on-the-deeper-meaning-in-the-shape-of-water-1.699621. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bacon, Simon. (2015);, 'Bad language: The Monstrous manifestations of the word made flesh in Pontypool (2008) by Bruce McDonald'. , in N. Farghaly. (ed.), Beyond the Night: Creatures of Life, Death and the In-Between, Newcastle upon Tyne:: Cambridge Scholars Publishing;, pp. 43-64.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bailey, Kathleen M.. (2003);, 'Speaking'. , in D. Nunan. (ed.), Practical English Knowledge Teaching, New York:: McGraw-Hill;, pp. 47-66.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Baitsell, George Alfred. (1922), The Evolution of Man, New Haven:: Yale University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Baldick, Chris. (2011), In Frankenstein's Shadow: Myth, Monstrosity, and Nineteenth-Century Writing, New York:: Clarendon Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Baynton, Douglas. (2016), Defectives in the Land: Disability and Immigration in the Age of Eugenics, Chicago:: University of Chicago Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bennett, Gracie. (2017);, 'The science of singing: A voice lesson from anatomy and physiology'. , Cedarville University: The Research and Scholarship Symposium: The 2017 Symposium, Cedarville, Ohio, 12 April, https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1398&context=research_scholarship_symposium. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Bennett, Jane. (2010), Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things, Durham, NC:: Duke University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Benson, Sean. (2012), Shakespeare, Othello and Domestic Tragedy, London:: Continuum;.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Berger, James. (2014), The Disarticulate: Language, Disability, and the Narratives of Modernity, New York:: New York University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Bernard, Luther Lee. (1926);, 'The interdependence of factors basic to the evolution of culture'. , American Journal of Sociology, 32:2, pp. 177-205.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Bishop, Kyle. (2008);, 'The sub subaltern monster: Imperialist hegemony and the cinematic voodoo zombie'. , The Journal of American Culture, 31:2, pp. 141-52.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Block, Pamela,, Balcazar, Fabricio E., and Keys, Christopher B.. (2002);, 'Race, poverty, and disability: Three strikes and you're out! Or are you?'. , Social Policy, 33:1, pp. 34-38.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Bogdan, Robert. (1988), Freak Show: Presenting Human Oddities for Amusement and Profit, Chicago:: University of Chicago Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Borlik, Todd Andrew. (2011);, '"More than Art": Clockwork automata, the extemporizing actor, and the brazen head in Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay'. , in W. Hyman. (ed.), The Automaton in English Renaissance Literature, London:: Routledge;, pp. 129-44.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Bradham, Tamala S., and Houston, K. Todd. (eds) (2015), Assessing Listening and Spoken Language in Children with Hearing Loss, San Diego:: Plural;.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Braidotti, Rosi. (1994), Nomadic Subjects: Embodiment and Sexual Difference in Contemporary Feminist Theory, New York:: Columbia University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Broglio, Ron. (2005);, 'The romantic cow: Animals as technology'. , The Wordsworth Circle, 36:2, pp. 48-52.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Brown, Bill. (1998);, 'How to do things with things - A Toy Story'. , Critical Inquiry, 24:4, pp. 935-64.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Brown, Bill. (2001);, 'Thing theory'. , Critical Inquiry, 28:1, pp. 1-22.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Butterss, Philip. (1999);, 'Representation, power and genre in The Piano'. , in Sue Hosking, and Dianne Schwerdt. (eds), Extensions: Essays in English Studies from Shakespeare to the Spice Girls, Kent Town:: Wakefield Press;, pp. 158-171
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Cater, John P.. (1983), Electronically Speaking: Computer Speech Generation, Indianapolis, IN:: H;.W. Sams.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Chemers, Michael M.. (2008), Staging Stigma: A Critical Examination of the American Freak Show, Basingstoke:: Palgrave Macmillan;.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Chen, Mel Y.. (2012), Animacies: Biopolitics, Racial Mattering, and Queer Affect, Durham, NC:: Duke University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Cheu, Johnson. (ed.) (2013), Diversity in Disney Films: Critical Essays on Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexuality and Disability, Jefferson, NC:: McFarland;.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Chion, Michel. (1999), The Voice in Cinema (trans Claudia Gorbman), New York:: Columbia University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Conrich, Ian. (2015);, 'An infected population: Zombie culture and the modern monstrous'. , in L. Hubner,, M. Leaning, and P. Manning. (eds), The Zombie Renaissance in Popular Culture, Basingstoke:: Palgrave Macmillan;, pp. 15-25.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Davis, Lennard. (1997);, 'Nude Venuses, Medusa's body, and Phantom limbs: Disability and visuality'. , in D. T. Mitchell, and S. L. Snyder. (eds), The Body and Physical Difference: Discourses of Disability, Ann Arbor, MI:: University of Michigan Press;, pp. 51-70.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Delahoy, Michael. (n.d.);, 'Vampire filmography'. , https://public.wsu.edu/~delahoyd/vampirefilms.html. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
  31. Dendle, Peter. (2001), The Zombie Movie Encyclopedia, Jefferson, NC:: McFarland;.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Dery, Mark. (2012);, 'Thirteen ways of looking at a severed head'. , in Mark Dery. (ed.), I Must Not Think Bad Thoughts: Drive-by Essays on American Dread, American Dreams, Minneapolis:: University of Minnesota Press;, pp. 219-33.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Devor, Marshall,, Rappoport, Isabelle, and Rappoport, Z. Harry. (2015);, 'Does the Golem feel pain? Moral instincts and ethical dilemmas concerning suffering and the brain'. , Pain Practice, 15:6, pp. 497-508.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Durbach, Nadja. (2010), Spectacle of Deformity: Freak Shows and Modern British Culture, Berkeley:: University of California Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Edwards, Martha L.. (1997);, 'Deaf and dumb in ancient Greece'. , in L. J. Davis. (ed.), The Disability Studies Reader, New York:: Routledge;, pp. 29-51.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Elferen, Isabella van. (2012), Gothic Music: The Sounds of the Uncanny, Cardiff:: University of Wales Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Elferen, Isabella van. (2013);, "Sonic Monstrosity". in Monstrologi Frygtens Manifestationer, Steen Christiansen. (ed.), Aalborg, DK:: Aalborg University Press;, pp. 127-46.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Fay, Jennifer. (2008);, 'Dead subjectivity: White zombie, black Baghdad'. , CR: The New Centennial Review, 8:1, pp. 81-101.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Ferguson, Christine C.. (2008);, 'Language and enfranchisement in the Merrick case'. , in M. Tromp. (ed.), Victorian Freaks: The Social Context of Freakery in Britain, Columbus, OH:: The Ohio State University Press;, pp. 114-33.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Fischer-Hornung, Dorothea, and Mueller, Monika. (eds) (2016);, 'Introduction'. , in Vampires and Zombies: Transcultural Migrations and Transnational Interpretations, Jackson, MS:: The University Press of Mississippi;, pp. 3-18.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Fowles, Severin. (2010);, 'People without things'. , in M. Mille,, F. Hastrup, and T. F. Søensen. (eds), An Anthropology of Absence: Materializations of Transcendence and Loss, New York:: Springer;, pp. 23-41.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Freeman, Walter. (1929);, 'Reversion to primitive behavior resulting from organic disease of the brain'. , Human Biology, 1:3, pp. 406-20.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Froula, Anna. (2010);, 'Prolepsis and the "War on Terror": Zombie pathology and the culture of fear in 28 Days Later…'. , in Jeff Birkenstein,, Anna Froula, and Karen Randell. (eds), Reframing 9/11: Film, Popular Culture and the 'War on Terror', New York:: Bloomsbury;, pp. 195-208.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Galton, Francis. (1909), Essays in Eugenics, London:: Eugenics Education Society;.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Garland-Thompson, Rosemarie. (1997), Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature, New York:: Columbia University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Gilligan, Carol. (1993), In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development, Cambridge, MA:: Harvard University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Grundhauser, Eric. (2017);, 'The voder, the first machine to create human speech'. , Atlas Obscura, 16 January, https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-voder-the-first-machine-to-create-human-speech. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Halberstam, Judith, and Livingston, Ira. (eds) (1995), Posthuman Bodies, Bloomington, IN:: Indiana University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Haraway, Donna J.. (1991), Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature, New York:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Hawley, Erin. (2015);, 'The bride and her afterlife: Female Frankenstein monsters on page and screen'. , Literature/Film Quarterly, 43:3, pp. 218-31.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Herder, Johann Gottfried. (2002);, 'Treatise on the origin of language'. , in M. N. Forster. (ed.), Herder: Philosophical Writings, Cambridge:: Cambridge University Press;, pp. 65-165.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Hollingshead, John. (1895), My Lifetime, vol. I, London:: Sampson Low, Marston & Company;.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Holohan, Meghan. (2019);, 'The real-life neuroscience behind zombies'. , Mental Floss, 4 March, http://mentalfloss.com/article/53422/real-life-neuroscience-behind-zombies. Accessed 4 March 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Hood, Thomas. (1873);, 'Silence'. , in T. Hood. (ed.), The Works of Thomas Hood, vol. 1, New York:: Putnam;, p. 196.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Hudson, Dale. (2017), Vampires, Race, and Transnational Hollywoods, Edinburgh:: Edinburgh University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Hunt, Leon,, Lockyer, Sharon, and Williamson, Milly. (eds) (2013);, 'Introduction: Sometimes they come back - the vampire and zombie on screen'. , in Screening the Undead: Vampires and Zombies in Film and Television, London:: I.B. Tauris;, pp. 1-16.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Hutchings, Peter. (2014), The Horror Film, New York:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Joho, Jess. (2018);, 'It's okay if "Shape of Water" made you horny'. , Mashable, 8 March, https://mashable.com/2018/03/08/shape-of-water-sex/. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Jones, Raya A.. (2017);, 'What makes a robot "Social"?'. , Social Studies of Science, 47:4, pp. 556-79.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Kessler, Sarah Rebecca. (2016);, 'Anachronism effects: Ventriloquism and popular media'. , Ph.D. thesis, Irvine, CA:: University of California, Irvine;.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Knoppers, Laura Lunger. (2006);, 'Miltonic loneliness and monstrous desire from Paradise Lost to Bride of Frankenstein'. , in L. L. Knoppers, and G. M. C. Semenza. (eds), Milton in Popular Culture, New York:: Palgrave Macmillan;, pp. 99-111.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Lane, Anthony. (2017);, 'The genre-fluid fantasy of "The Shape of Water"'. , The New Yorker, 1 December, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/12/11/the-genre-fluid-fantasy-of-the-shape-of-water. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Latour, Bruno. (1993), We Have Never Been Modern (trans. Catherine Porter), Cambridge, MA:: Harvard University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Lauro, Sarah Juliet, and Embry, Karen. (2008);, 'A zombie manifesto: The nonhuman condition in the era of advanced capitalism'. , Boundary 2: An International Journal of Literature and Culture, 35:1, pp. 85-108.
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Lennard, Dominic. (2012);, 'All fun and games…: Children's culture in the horror film, from Deep Red (1975) to Child's Play (1988)'. , Continuum, 26:1, pp. 133-42.
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Longmore, Paul K.. (1997);, 'Conspicuous contribution and American cultural dilemmas: Telethon rituals of cleansing and renewal'. , in D. Mitchell, and L. Snyder. (eds), The Body and Physical Difference: Discourses of Disability, Ann Arbor, MI:: University of Michigan Press;, pp. 134-60.
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Louw, Aimee. (2018);, 'What "The Shape of Water" gets wrong about disability'. , Day 6, CBC Radio, 28 February, Audio, 05:44, https://www.cbc.ca/radio/day6/episode-379-populism-in-italy-s-elections-greenland-s-ice-melt-the-shape-of-water-ode-to-cds-and-more-1.4555633/what-the-shape-of-water-gets-wrong-about-disability-1.4555657. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Lucas, Adam. (2006), Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology, Boston:: Brill;.
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Luckhurst, Roger. (2015), Zombies: A Cultural History, London:: Reaktion;.
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Lu, Dan,, Huang, Mengjie Cheng,, Ivy K-Y.,, Dong, Jingsi, and Yang, Hui. (2018);, 'Comparison and correlation between the pediatric voice handicap index and the pediatric voice-related quality-of-life questionnaires'. , Medicine, 97:36, pp. e11850, 1-6.
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Lundblad, Michael. (ed.) (2018), Animalities: Literary and Cultural Studies Beyond the Human, Edinburgh:: Edinburgh University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  72. MacLennan, Bruce J.. (2009);, 'Robots react, but can they feel?'. , in J. Vallverdú. (ed.), Handbook of Research on Synthetic Emotions and Sociable Robotics: New Applications in Affective Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Hershey, PA:: Information Service Reference;, pp. 133-53.
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Macnab, Geoffrey. (2018);, 'Guillermo del Toro interview: "I think adversity is good - that is very Catholic of me"'. , Independent, 7 February, https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/guillermo-del-toro-interview-the-shape-of-water-oscars-mimic-weinstein-miramax-pans-labyrinth-harvey-a8197751.html. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Manguel, Alberto. (2003);, 'Bride of Frankenstein'. , in E. Buscombe, and R. White. (eds), British Film Institute Film Classics, vol. 1, New York:: Fitzroy Dearborn;, pp. 297-317.
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Mann, Jenny C.. (2017);, 'The orphic physics of early modern eloquence'. , in H. Marchitello, and E. Tribble. (eds), The Palgrave Handbook of Early Modern Literature and Science, London:: Palgrave Macmillan;, pp. 231-56.
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Markotić, Nicole. (2016), Disability in Film and Literature, Jefferson, NC:: McFarland;.
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Mart, Çağrı Tuğrul. (2012);, 'Developing speaking skills through reading'. , International Journal of English Linguistics, 2:6, pp. 91-96.
    [Google Scholar]
  78. McClelland, Bruce A.. (2006), Slayers and Their Vampires: A Cultural History of Killing the Dead, Ann Arbor, MI:: University of Michigan Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  79. McDaniel, Jamie. (2016);, '"You Can Point a Finger at a Zombie. Sometimes They Fall Off": Contemporary zombie films, embedded ableism, and disability as metaphor'. , The Midwest Quarterly, 57:4, pp. 423-46.
    [Google Scholar]
  80. McDonagh, Patrick. (2008), Idiocy: A Cultural History, Liverpool:: Liverpool University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Millett-Gallant, Ann. (2010), The Disabled Body in Contemporary Art, New York:: Palgrave Macmillan;.
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Mitchell, David T., and Snyder, Sharon L.. (2000), Narrative Prosthesis: Disability and the Dependencies of Discourse, Ann Arbor, MI:: The University of Michigan Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Mulligan, Rikk. (2009);, 'Zombie apocalypse: Plague and the end of the world in popular culture'. , in K. Kinane, and M. A. Ryan. (eds), End of Days: Essays on the Apocalypse from Antiquity to Modernity, Jefferson, NC:: McFarland;, pp. 349-68.
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Nelson, Diane, and Vihman, Virve-Anneli. (2018);, 'Bringing the toys to life: Animacy, reference, and anthropomorphism in Toy Story'. , International Journal of Language and Culture, 5:2, pp. 203-23.
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Newitz, Annalee. (2006), Pretend We're Dead: Capitalist Monsters in American Pop Culture, Durham, NC:: Duke University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Norden, Martin F.. (1994), The Cinema of Isolation: A History of Physical Disability in the Movies, New Brunswick, NJ:: Rutgers University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Nugent, Addison. (2016);, 'Text-to-speech in 1846 involved a talking robotic head with ringlets'. , Atlas Obscura, 9 March, https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/texttospeech-in-1846-involved-a-talking-robotic-head-with-ringlets. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Nunan, David. (2005), Practical English Language Teaching: Grammar, New York:: McGraw Hill;.
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Oestigaard, Terje. (2015);, 'Cremating corpses: Destroying, defying or deifying death?'. , in Kim von Hackwitz, and Rita Peyroteo-Sterna. (eds), Ancient Death Ways: Proceedings of the Workshop on Archaeology and Mortuary Practices, Uppsala, May 2013, Uppsala:: Uppsala University;, pp. 65-83.
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Opfer, John E., and Gelman, Susan A.. (2011);, 'Development of the animate-inanimate distinction'. , in U. Goswami. (ed.), The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development, , 2nd. ed., Malden, MA:: Wiley-Blackwell;, pp. 213-38.
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Pavia, Mario N.. (1950);, 'Virgil as magician'. , The Classical Journal, 46:2, pp. 61-64.
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Peck, Michael. (2014);, 'The impossible bleeding man: On the history and mythology of artificial life'. , Electric Literature, 3 June, https://electricliterature.com/the-impossible-bleeding-man-on-the-history-and-mythology-of-artificial-life-7b8d3b8f4a96. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Pickens, Therí A.. (2017);, 'Blue blackness, black blueness: Making sense of blackness: and disability'. , African American Review, 50:2, pp. 93-103.
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Piepenbring, Dan. (2015);, 'With these zombie eyes, and other news'. , The Paris Review, 3 November, https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/11/03/with-these-zombie-eyes-and-other-news. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Radish, Christina. (2018);, 'Guillermo del Toro on "The Shape of Water", the beauty of monsters, and connecting with "Lady Bird"'. , Collider, 12 February, http://collider.com/guillermo-del-toro-the-shape-of-water-interview/#lady-bird. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  96. Rapley, Mark. (2004), The Social Construction of Intellectual Disability, Cambridge:: Cambridge University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  97. Renfrew, Barry. (2015), Wings of Empire: The Forgotten Wars of the Royal Air Force, 1919-1939, Brinscombe Port Stroud:: The History Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  98. Robinson, Neil. (1999);, 'With choices like these, who needs enemies? The piano, women's articulations, melodrama, and the woman's film'. , in F. Coombs, and S. Gemmell. (eds), Piano Lessons: Approaches to The Piano, Sydney:: John Libbey;, pp. 19-43.
    [Google Scholar]
  99. Round, Julia. (2012);, 'The horror of humanity'. , in W. Yuen. (ed.), The Walking Dead and Philosophy: Zombie Apocalypse Now, Chicago:: Open Court;, pp. 155-66.
    [Google Scholar]
  100. Ruston, Sharon. (2014);, 'The science of life and death in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein'. , in Discovering Literature: Romantics & Victorians, 15 May, https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/the-science-of-life-and-death-in-mary-shelleys-frankenstein. Accessed 15 February 2018 .
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Sax, Boria. (2013), Imaginary Animals: The Monstrous, the Wondrous and the Human, London:: Reaktion Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
  102. Schalk, Sami. (2018), Bodyminds Reimagined: (Dis)Ability, Race, and Gender in Black Women's Speculative Fiction, Durham, NC:: Duke University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Schrader, Meghan. (2014);, 'The sound of disability: Music, the obsessive avenger, and eugenics in America'. , in S. Pelkey II, and A. Bushard. (eds), Anxiety Muted: American Film Music in a Suburban Age, Oxford:: Oxford University Press;, pp. 164-85.
    [Google Scholar]
  104. Schroeder, Juliana, and Epley, Nicholas. (2016);, 'Mistaking minds and machines: How speech affects dehumanization and anthropomorphism'. , Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145:11, pp. 1427-37.
    [Google Scholar]
  105. Scott, A. O.. (2017);, 'Review: "The Shape of Water" is altogether wonderful'. , The New York Times, 30 November, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/30/movies/the-shape-of-water-review-guillermo-del-toro.html. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  106. Seabrook, William B.. (1929), The Magic Island, New York:: Blue Ribbon Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
  107. Siebers, Tobin. (2008), Disability Theory, Ann Arbor, MI:: University of Michigan Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  108. Siebers, Tobin. (2010), Disability Aesthetics, Ann Arbor, MI:: University of Michigan Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  109. Sigurdson, Ola. (2013);, 'Slavoj Žižek, the death drive, and zombies: A theological account'. , Modern Theology, 29:3, pp. 361-80.
    [Google Scholar]
  110. Smith, Angela M.. (2011), Hideous Progeny: Disability, Eugenics, and Classic Horror Cinema, New York:: Columbia University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  111. Smith, Angela M.. (2018);, 'Walk this way: Frankenstein's monster, disability performance, and zombie ambulation'. , Literature and Medicine, 36:2, pp. 412-38.
    [Google Scholar]
  112. Smith, Stacy L.,, Choueiti, Marc,, Pieper, Katherine,, Case, Ariana, and Choi, Angel. (2018);, 'Inequality in 1,100 popular films: Examining portrayals of gender, race/ethnicity, LGBT & disability from 2007 to 2017'. , 8 July, http://assets.uscannenberg.org/docs/inequality-in-1100-popular-films.pdf. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
  113. Snyder, Sharon L., and David T. Mitchell. (2006), Cultural Locations of Disability, Chicago:: University of Chicago Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  114. Staller, Natasha. (1989);, 'Méliès' "Fantastic" cinema and the origins of cubism'. , Art History, 12:2, pp. 202-32.
    [Google Scholar]
  115. Stras, Laurie. (2006);, 'The organ of the soul: Voice, damage and affect'. , in N. Lerner, and J. Straus. (eds), Sounding Off: Theorizing on Disability in Music, New York:: Routledge;, pp. 173-84.
    [Google Scholar]
  116. Straus, Joseph Nathan. (2011), Extraordinary Measures: Disability in Music, New York:: Oxford University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  117. Straus, Joseph Nathan. (2018), Broken Beauty: Musical Modernism and the Representation of Disability, New York:: Oxford University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  118. Stubblefield, Anna. (2009);, 'The entanglement of race and cognitive dis/ability'. , Metaphilosophy, 40:3&4, pp. 531-51.
    [Google Scholar]
  119. Suendermann, David,, Höge, Harald, and Black, Alan. (2010);, 'Challenges in speech synthesis'. , in F. Chen, and K. Jokinen. (eds), Speech Technology, New York:: Springer;, pp. 19-32.
    [Google Scholar]
  120. Tracy, Larissa, and Massey, Jeff. (2012), Heads Will Roll: Decapitation in the Medieval and Early Modern Imagination, Leiden:: Brill;.
    [Google Scholar]
  121. Trent, James. (2017), Inventing the Feeble Mind: A History of Intellectual Disability in the United States, New York:: Oxford University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  122. Twitchell, James B.. (1985), Dreadful Pleasures: An Anatomy of Modern Horror, New York:: Oxford University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  123. Walter, Christopher. (2003), The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition, Hants:: Ashgate;.
    [Google Scholar]
  124. Wanshel, Elyse. (2018);, 'How "The Shape Of Water" makes people with disabilities feel less human'. , The Huffington Post, 3 January, https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/shape-of-water-offensive-to-people-with-disabilities_n_5a8b798de4b0a1d0e12c48fc. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  125. Ward-Griffin, Danielle. (2013);, 'Reforming old blue: Female voices, coeducation at Yale, and The New Blue'. , Singing Community, https://yaleacappellaproject.wordpress.com/essays/reforming-old-blue-danielle-ward-griffen/. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  126. Webb, Jen, and Byrnand, Sam. (2008);, 'Some kind of virus: The zombie as body and as trope'. , Body & Society, 14:2, pp. 83-98.
    [Google Scholar]
  127. Wilde, Alison,, Crawshaw, Gill, and Sheldon, Alison. (2018);, 'Talking about The Shape of Water: Three women dip their toes in'. , Disability & Society, 33:9, pp. 1528-33.
    [Google Scholar]
  128. Wilkinson, Alissa. (2018);, 'The Shape of Water, from Guillermo del Toro, is a beautiful adult fairy tale about a fish-man'. , Vox, 5 March, https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/9/12/16288080/shape-of-water-del-toro-review-best-picture. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  129. Wright, Kristyn,, Poulin-Dubois, Diane, and Kelley, Elizabeth. (2014);, 'The animate-inanimate distinction in preschool children'. , British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 33:1, pp. 73-91.
    [Google Scholar]
  130. Young, Elizabeth. (1991);, 'Here comes the bride: Wedding gender and race in Bride of Frankenstein'. , Feminist Studies, 17:3, pp. 403-37.
    [Google Scholar]
  131. Zielo, Alessia. (2018);, 'After-death manipulation: The treatment of the skull in prehistoric funeral contexts'. , Global Journal of Archaeology & Anthropology, 6:2, pp. 1-5.
    [Google Scholar]
  132. Zombie Research Society Staff (2019);, 'How and why do zombies moan?'. , Zombie Research Society website, 19 February, https://zombieresearchsociety.com/archives/96. Accessed 25 February 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
  133. Deaville, J.. (2019);, 'The moaning of (un-)life: Animacy, muteness and eugenics in cinematic and televisual representation'. , Journal of Interdisciplinary Voice Studies, 4:2, pp. 225-45, doi: 10.1386/jivs_00007_1
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1386/jivs_00007_1
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error