Pepper's Ghost and the augmented reality of modernity

References

1. Althusser, Louis. (2014), On the Reproduction of Capitalism: Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses, , 3rd. ed., London and New York:: Verso;.
   [Google Scholar]
2. Altick, Richard D.. (1978), The Shows of London, Cambridge and London:: Harvard University Press;.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Anon. (n.d.);, 'Royal Polytechnic'. , press cuttings, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-4-1;.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Anon. (1839), Catalogue for 1839, , 4th. ed., London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-3-2;.
   [Google Scholar]
5. Anon. (1843);, 'To our readers'. , The Illustrated Polytechnic Review and Record of Science, the Fine Arts, and Literature, 7 January, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI 7-26;.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Anon. (1846);, 'Polytechnic Institution'. , press cuttings, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-4-1;.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Anon. (1849);, 'Royal Polytechnic Institution'. , press cuttings, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-4-1;.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Anon. (1856a);, 'Royal Polytechnic Institution'. , press cuttings, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-4-1;.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Anon. (1856b);, 'Polytechnic Institution'. , The Illustrated London News, 11 October, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-7-21-1;.
   [Google Scholar]
10. Anon. (1857a);, 'The Theatres, etc.'. , The Illustrated London News, 10 October, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-7-21-1;.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Anon. (1857b);, 'Royal Polytechnic Institution'. , The Times, 16 November, Illustrated London News and other periodicals, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-7-21-8;.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Anon. (1858);, 'Christmas holidays at the Polytechnic'. , The Illustrated London News, 25 December, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-7-21-1;.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Anon. (1863a);, 'Polytechnic Institution'. , 4 January, press cuttings, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-4-1;.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Anon. (1863b);, 'Polytechnic Institution'. , The Illustrated London News, 3 January, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-7-21-1;.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Anon. (1863c);, 'Polytechnic – The Spectre Drama'. , The Illustrated London News, 7 February, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-7-21-1;.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Anon. (1863d);, 'The Spectre Drama at the Polytechnic Institution'. , The Illustrated London News, 2 May, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, ACC-2014;.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Anon. (1865);, 'Christmas amusements'. , The Illustrated London News, 7 January, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-7-21-1;
    [Google Scholar]
18. Anon. (1866);, 'Polytechnic Institution'. , The Times, 19 July, Illustrated London News and other periodicals, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-7-21-8;.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Anon. (1867a);, 'Polytechnic Institution'. , The Times, 13 July, Illustrated London News and other periodicals, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-7-21-8;.
    [Google Scholar]
20. Anon. (1867b);, 'The Polytechnic Museum'. , The Times, 23 December, Illustrated London News and other periodicals, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-7-21-8;.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Anon. (1868a);, 'Polytechnic Institution'. , The Times, 9 March, Illustrated London News and other periodicals, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-7-21-8;.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Anon. (1868b);, 'The Polytechnic Institution'. , The Times, 14 April, Illustrated London News and other periodicals, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-7-21-8;.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Anon. (1868c);, 'The Royal Polytechnic'. , The Times, 28 December, Illustrated London News and other periodicals, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-7-21-8;.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Anon. (1870a);, 'Monday out'. , 3 December, press cuttings, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-4-1.;
    [Google Scholar]
25. Anon. (1870b);, 'Royal Polytechnic'. , The Illustrated London News, 26 November, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-7-21-1;.
    [Google Scholar]
26. Anon. (1873a);, 'Weekly programs'. , January-June, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-3-9;.
    [Google Scholar]
27. Anon. (1873b);, 'Weekly programs'. , July-December, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-3-10;.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Anon. (1874a);, 'Weekly programs'. , January-June, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-3-11;.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Anon. (1874b);, 'The Royal Polytechnic Institution'. , 30 May, press cuttings, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-4-1;.
    [Google Scholar]
30. Anon. (1875a);, 'Weekly programs'. , July-December, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-3-13;.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Anon. (1875b);, 'Polytechnic'. press cuttings, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-4-1;.
    [Google Scholar]
32. Anon. (1876a);, 'Weekly programs'. , January-June, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-3-14;.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Anon. (1876b);, 'Weekly programs'. , July-December, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-3-16;.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Anon. (1877);, 'Weekly programs'. , January-June, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-3-17;.
    [Google Scholar]
35. Anon. (1878);, 'Royal Polytechnic'. , press cuttings, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-4-1;.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Anon. (1881);, 'Weekly program'. , 22 August, London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-3-23;.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Azuma, Ronald T.. (1997);, 'A survey of augmented reality'. , Presence, 6, pp. 355-85.
    [Google Scholar]
38. Bailenson, Jeremy N.,, Swinth, Kim,, Hoyt, Crystal,, Persky, Susan,, Dimov, Alex, and Blascovich, Jim. (2005);, 'The independent and interactive effects of embodied-agent appearance and behavior on self-report, cognitive, and behavioral markers of copresence in immersive virtual environments'. , Presence, 14:4, pp. 379-93.
    [Google Scholar]
39. Baudry, Jean-Louis. (1975);, 'Ideological effects of the basic cinematographic apparatus'. , Film Quarterly, 28:2, pp. 39-47.
    [Google Scholar]
40. Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette, and Blondel, Christine. (2008), Science and Spectacle in the European Enlightenment, Hampshire and Burlington, VT:: Ashgate;.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Bimber, Oliver, and Raskar, Ramesh. (2005), Spatial Augmented Reality: Merging Real and Virtual Worlds, Wellesley, MA:: A K Peters;.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Bimber, Oliver,, Zeidler, Thomas,, Grundhoefer, Anselm,, Wetzstein, Gordon,, Moehring, Mathias,, Knoedel, Sebastian, and Hahne, Uwe. (2005);, 'Interacting with augmented holograms'. , Proceedings Volume 5742, Practical Holography XIX: Materials and Applications, San Jose, CA and Bellingham, WA:: SPIE;, pp. 41-54.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Blum, Deborah. (2007), Ghost Hunters: The Victorians and the Hunt for Proof of Life After Death, London:: Arrow;.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Bolter, Jay David, and MacIntyre, Blair. (2007);, 'Is it live or is it AR?'. , Spectrum, IEEE, 44, pp. 30-35.
    [Google Scholar]
45. Braude, Ann. (1989), Radical Spirits: Spiritualism and Women's Rights in Nineteenth-Century America, Bloomington:: Indiana University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Brewster, David. (1832), Letters on Natural Magic, London:: Chatto & Windus;.
    [Google Scholar]
47. Brooker, Jeremy. (2007);, 'The Polytechnic Ghost'. , Early Popular Visual Culture, 5:2, pp. 189-206.
    [Google Scholar]
48. Carlson, Marvin. (2014);, 'Charles Dickens and the invention of the modern stage ghost'. , in M. Luckhurst, and E. Morin. (eds), Theatre and Ghosts: Materiality, Performance, and Modernity, Basingstoke:: Palgrave Macmillan;, pp. 27-45.
    [Google Scholar]
49. Craig, Alan B.. (2013), Understanding Augmented Reality: Concepts and Applications, Waltham, MA:: Elsevier;.
    [Google Scholar]
50. Crary, Jonathan. (1990), Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century, Cambridge:: MIT Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
51. Debord, Guy. (2005), The Society of the Spectacle, London:: Rebel;.
    [Google Scholar]
52. Dickens, Charles. (1848), The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain, London:: Bradbury & Evans;.
    [Google Scholar]
53. Duck, Allison. (2019);, 'Leap into a legacy at Michael Jackson ONE'. , Las Vegas Magazine, 24 May, https://lasvegasmagazine.com/entertainment/2019/may/24/michael-jackson-one-mandalay-bay-cirque-du-soleil/. Accessed 14 September 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
54. Eisenstein, Elizabeth. (1980);, 'The emergence of print culture in the west'. , Journal of Communication, 30:1, pp. 99-106.
    [Google Scholar]
55. Elcott, Noam M.. (2016);, 'The phantasmagoric Dispositif: An assembly of bodies and images in real time and space'. , Grey Room, 62, pp. 42-71.
    [Google Scholar]
56. Felski, Rita. (1995), The Gender of Modernity, Cambridge, MA:: Hardvard University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
57. Flusser, Vilém. (1984), Towards a Philosophy of Photography, Göttingen:: European Photography;.
    [Google Scholar]
58. Flusser, Vilém. (2002), Writings: Vilém Flusser, Minneapolis and London:: University of Minnesota Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
59. Flusser, Vilém. (2011), Into the Universe of Technical Images, Minneapolis and London:: University of Minnesota Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
60. Flusser, Vilém. (2013), Post-History, Minneapolis:: Univocal;.
    [Google Scholar]
61. Flusser, Vilém. (2015), Into Immaterial Culture, Metaflux.
    [Google Scholar]
62. Foucault, Michel. (1970), The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences, New York:: Vintage;.
    [Google Scholar]
63. Foucault, Michel. (1972), The Archaeology of Knowledge, New York:: Pantheon;.
    [Google Scholar]
64. Foucault, Michel. (1978), The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction, New York:: Pantheon;.
    [Google Scholar]
65. Foucault, Michel. (1984);, 'What is enlightenment?'. , in P. Rainbow. (ed.), The Foucault Reader, New York:: Random House;, pp. 32-50.
    [Google Scholar]
66. Fyfe, Aileen, and Lightman, Bernard. (eds) (2007);, 'Science in the marketplace: An introduction'. , in Science in the Marketplace: Nineteenth-Century Sites and Experiences, Chicago:: University of Chicago;, pp. 1-19.
    [Google Scholar]
67. Groth, Helen. (2007);, 'Reading Victorian illusions: Dickens' Haunted Man and Dr. Pepper's "Ghost"'. , Victorian Studies, 50:1, pp. 43-65.
    [Google Scholar]
68. Grow, Kory. (2019);, 'Live after death: Inside music's booming new hologram touring industry'. , Rolling Stone, 10 September, https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/hologram-tours-roy-orbison-frank-zappa-whitney-houston-873399/. Accessed 14 September 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
69. Harrison, Peter. (2015), The Territories of Science and Religion, Chicago:: University of Chicago Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
70. Hayles, Katherine N.. (1999);, 'Simulating narratives: What virtual creatures can teach us'. , Critical Inquiry, 26:1, pp. 1-26.
    [Google Scholar]
71. Hobhouse, Hermione. (2008), A History of Regent Street: A Mile of Style, West Sussex:: Phillimore;.
    [Google Scholar]
72. Huhtamo, Erkki. (2013), Illusions in Motion: Media Archaeology of the Moving Panorama and Related Spectacles, Cambridge, MA:: MIT Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
73. Jordanova, Ludmilla J.. (1993), Sexual Visions: Images of Gender in Science and Medicine Between the Eighteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Madison:: University of Wisconsin Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
74. Josephson-Storm, Jason A.. (2017), The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences, Chicago and London:: University of Chicago Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
75. Jude, Mike. (2015), Augmented Reality: The Paradigm Shift Begins, Research and Markets Report 3447950, Mountain View, CA:: Frost & Sullivan;.
    [Google Scholar]
76. Kaufman, Gil. (2012);, 'Tupac Coachella hologram source explains how rapper resurrected'. , MTV News, 16 April, http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1683173/tupac-hologram-coachella.jhtml. Accessed 21 October 2012 .
    [Google Scholar]
77. Lee, Kwan Min. (2004);, 'Presence, explicated'. , Communication Theory, 14:1, pp. 27-50.
    [Google Scholar]
78. Lightman, Bernard. (2007), Victorian Popularizers of Science: Designing Nature for New Audiences, Chicago and London:: University of Chicago Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
79. Loiperdinger, Martin. (2004);, 'Lumiere's arrival of the train: Cinema's founding myth'. , The Moving Image, 4:1, pp. 89-118.
    [Google Scholar]
80. Lombard, Matthew,, Freeman, Jonathan, and Schaevitz, Rachel J.. (eds) (2015), Immersed in Media: Telepresence Theory, Measurement and Technology, Cham:: Springer;.
    [Google Scholar]
81. MacIntyre, Blair,, Bolter, Jay David,, Moreno, Emmanuel, and Hannigan, Brendan. (2001);, 'Augmented reality as a new media experience'. , International Symposium on Augmented Reality, New York, 29-30 October.
    [Google Scholar]
82. Malitz, Nancy. (2019);, 'Maria Callas hologram concert: "She's weirdly alive"'. , Chicago Sun-Times, 5 September, https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/9/5/20850105/maria-callas-hologram-concert-lyric-opera-chicago. Accessed 14 September 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
83. Manovich, Lev. (2006);, 'The poetics of augmented space'. , Visual Communication, 5:2, pp. 219-40.
    [Google Scholar]
84. McLuhan, Marshall. (1964), Understanding Media, New York:: McGraw-Hill;.
    [Google Scholar]
85. Messinger, Paul R.,, Stroulia, Eleni,, Lyons, Kelly,, Bone, Michael,, Niu, Run H.,, Smirnov, Kristen, and Perelgut, Stephen. (2009);, 'Virtual worlds – past, present, and future: New directions in social computing'. , Decision Support Systems, 47:3, pp. 204-28.
    [Google Scholar]
86. Mitchell, W. J. T.. (1986), Iconology: Images, Text, Ideology, Chicago:: University of Chicago Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
87. Mitchell, W. J. T.. (1994), Picture Theory, Chicago and London:: University of Chicago Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
88. Moore, Kevin Z.. (1997);, 'Viewing the Victorians: Recent research on Victorian visuality'. , Victorian Culture and Literature, 25:2, pp. 367-85.
    [Google Scholar]
89. Morus, Iwan Rhys. (2007);, '"More the aspect of magic than anything natural": The philosophy of demonstration'. , in A. Fyfe, and B. Lightman. (eds), Science in the Marketplace: Nineteenth-Century Sites and Experiences, Chicago:: University of Chicago Press;, pp. 336-70.
    [Google Scholar]
90. Ong, Walter. (1982), Orality and Literacy, London:: New Accents;.
    [Google Scholar]
91. Ottewill, Jim. (2019);, 'How hologram technology is changing the future of the music industry'. , MusicTech, 9 May, https://www.musictech.net/features/trends/hologram-technology-future-of-music-industry/. Accessed 14 September 2019 .
    [Google Scholar]
92. Otto, Bernd-Christian, and Stausberg, Michael. (eds) (2012);, 'General introduction'. , in Defining Magic: A Reader, Sheffield and Bristol, CT:: Equinox;, pp. 1-14.
    [Google Scholar]
93. Palmer, Roxanne. (2012);, 'How does the Coachella Tupac "hologram" work?'. , International Business Times, 17 April, http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/329404/20120417/tupac-hologram-works-pepper-s-ghost-musion.htm. Accessed 14 May 2012 .
    [Google Scholar]
94. Penn, Elaine. (2015);, 'Introduction'. , in J. Hunningher,, R. Morgan-Tamosunas,, G. Osborn,, E. Penn, and R. Spankie. (eds), A History of Regent Street Cinema: The Magic Screen, The History of the University of Westminster, 4, London:: University of Westminster;, pp. 1-11.
    [Google Scholar]
95. Pepper, John Henry. (1855), Pepper's Lectures (London: Sampson Low & Son), London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution archive, RPI 4-2;.
    [Google Scholar]
96. Pepper, John Henry. (1869), The Boy's Playbook of Science: Including the Various Manipulations and Arrangements of Chemical and Philosophical Apparatus Required for the Successful Performance of Scientific Experiments, London:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
97. Pepper, John Henry. (1890), The True History of the Ghost, and All About Metempsychosis, London, Paris, New York and Melbourne:: Cassell & Co;.
    [Google Scholar]
98. Porta, Jean Baptista. (1658), Natural Magick, London:: Thomas Young and Samuel Speed;.
    [Google Scholar]
99. Postman, Neil. (1985), Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business, New York:: Penguin;.
    [Google Scholar]
100. Reed, Ryan. (2019);, 'Whitney Houston Hologram tour plots first 2020 dates'. , Rolling Stone, 17 September, https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/whitney-houston-hologram-tour-2020-dates-image-885666/. Accessed 17 September 2019 .
     [Google Scholar]
101. Riva, Giuseppe. (1999);, 'Virtual reality as communication tool: A socio-cognitive analysis'. , Presence, 8:4, pp. 462-68.
     [Google Scholar]
102. Riva, Giuseppe. (2009);, 'Is presence a technology issue? Some insights from cognitive sciences'. , Virtual Reality, 13:3, pp. 159-69.
     [Google Scholar]
103. Riva, Giuseppe,, Mantovani, Fabrizia,, Capideville, Claret Samantha,, Preziosa, Alessandra,, Morganti, Francesca,, Villani, Daniela,, Gaggioli, Andrea,, Botella, Cristina, and Alcaniz, Mariano. (2007);, 'Affective interactions using virtual reality: The link between presence and emotions'. , CyberPsychology and Behavior, 10:1, pp. 45-56.
     [Google Scholar]
104. Romanelli, Frank,, Cain, Jeff, and McNamara, Patrick. (2014);, 'Should TED talks be teaching us something?'. , American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 78:6, pp. 1-3.
     [Google Scholar]
105. Saltz, David Z.. (1997);, 'The art of interaction: Interactivity, performativity, and Computers'. , Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 55:2, pp. 117-27.
     [Google Scholar]
106. Secord, James A.. (2002);, 'Quick and magical shaper of science'. , Science, 297, pp. 1648-49.
     [Google Scholar]
107. Sleigh, Charlotte. (2017);, 'Communicating science'. , in I. R. Morus. (ed.), The Oxford Illustrated History of Science, Oxford:: Oxford University Press;, pp. 378-409.
     [Google Scholar]
108. Smajic, Srdjan. (2010), Ghost-Seers, Detectives, and Spiritualists: Theories of Vision in Victorian Literature and Science, Cambridge:: Cambridge University Press;.
     [Google Scholar]
109. Snow, Charles Percy. (1959), The Two Cultures, Cambridge and New York:: Cambridge University Press;.
     [Google Scholar]
110. Spankie, Ro. (2015);, 'The "Old Cinema": A dissolving view'. , in J. Hunningher,, R. Morgan-Tamosunas,, G. Osborn,, E. Penn, and R. Spankie. (eds), A History of Regent Street Cinema: The Magic Screen, The History of the University of Westminster, 4, London:: University of Westminster;, pp. 15-61.
     [Google Scholar]
111. Star, Susan Leigh, and Griesemer, James R.. (1989);, 'Institutional ecology, "translations" and boundary objects: Amateurs and professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-39'. , Social Studies of Science, 19:3, pp. 387-420.
     [Google Scholar]
112. Steinmeyer, Jim. (2003), Hiding the Elephant: How Magicians Invented the Impossible and Learned to Disappear, New York:: Carroll & Graf;.
     [Google Scholar]
113. Steinmeyer, Jim. (2013), The Science Behind the Ghost!, Burbank:: Hahne;.
     [Google Scholar]
114. Steuer, Jonathan. (1993);, 'Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence'. , Social Responses to Communication Technologies, 104:4, pp. 1-25.
     [Google Scholar]
115. Sugimoto, Cassidy R.,, Thelwall, Mike,, Lariviére, Vincent,, Tsou, Andrew,, Mongeon, Philippe, and Macaluso, Benoit. (2012);, 'Scientists popularizing science: Characteristics and impact of TED talk presenters'. , PLoS One, 8:4.
     [Google Scholar]
116. Székely, Gábor, and Satava, Richard. (1999);, 'Virtual reality in medicine'. , The British Medical Journal, 319, p. 1305.
     [Google Scholar]
117. Thomas, Bruce H.. (2012);, 'A survey of visual, mixed, and augmented reality gaming'. , Computers in Entertainment, 10:1, pp. 1-33.
     [Google Scholar]
118. Thomas, Keith. (1971), Religion and the Decline of Magic, New York:: Scribner;.
     [Google Scholar]
119. van Krevelen, D. W. F., and Poelman, P.. (2010);, 'A survey of augmented reality technologies, applications and limitations'. , International Journal of Virtual Reality, 9:2, pp. 1-20.
     [Google Scholar]
120. Weeden, Barbara. (2008), The Education of the Eye: History of the Royal Polytechnic Institution, 1838-1881, Cambridge:: Granta;.
     [Google Scholar]
121. Werrett, Simon. (2007);, 'From the grand whim to the gasworks: "Philosophical fireworks" in Georgian England'. , in L. Roberts,, S. Schaffer, and P. Dear. (eds), The Mindful Hand: Inquiry and Invention From the Late Renaissance to Early Industrialisation, Amsterdam:: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science;, pp. 325-47.
     [Google Scholar]
122. WestFestTV (2012);, 'Tupac Hologram Snoop Dogg and Dr. Dre Perform'. , YouTube, 18 April, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGbrFmPBV0Y. Accessed 14 May 2012 .
     [Google Scholar]
123. Wilkie, Edmund H.. (1900);, 'Professor Pepper: A memoir'. , The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger, 11:133, pp. 72-74.
     [Google Scholar]
124. Williams, Raymond. (1990), Television: Technology and Cultural Form, New York:: Routledge;.
     [Google Scholar]
125. Williamson, George Charles. (1933), Memoirs in Miniature: A Volume of Random Reminiscences (London: Grayson & Grayson), London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI 7-21-9;.
     [Google Scholar]
126. Willis, Martin. (ed.) (2016);, 'Introduction: Imaginative mobilities'. , in Staging Science: Scientific Performance on Street, Stage and Screen, London:: Palgrave Macmillan;, pp. 1-9.
     [Google Scholar]
127. Wood, J. G.,, Pepper, John Henry,, Bennett, Miller., and others (1868), The Boys' [Own] Treasury of Sports and Pastimes (New York: George Routledge & Sons), London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, ACC-2008-37;.
     [Google Scholar]
128. Wu, Hsin-Kai,, Lee, Silvia Wen-Yu,, Chang, Hsin-Yi, and Liang, Jyh-Chong. (2013);, 'Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education'. , Computers and Education, 62, pp. 41-49.
     [Google Scholar]
129. Wylde, James. (1861), The Magic of Science: A Manual of Easy and Instructive Scientific Experiments (London and Glasgow: Richard Griffin & Co.), London:: University of Westminster, Royal Polytechnic Institution Archive, RPI-4-5;.
     [Google Scholar]
130. Yee, Nick,, Bailenson, Jeremy N.,, Urbanek, Mark,, Chang, Francis, and Merget, Dan. (2007);, 'The unbearable likeness of being digital: The persistence of nonverbal social norms in online virtual environments'. , CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10:1, pp. 115-21.
     [Google Scholar]
131. Zielinski, Siegfried,, Weibel, Peter, and Irrgang, Danie. (eds) (2015), Flusseriana: An Intellectual Toolbox, Minneapolis:: Univocal;.
     [Google Scholar]
132. Zizek, Salvoj. (2013);, 'Denial: The liberal utopia'. , Lacan dot com, https://www.lacan.com/essays/?page_id=397. Accessed 5 September 2019 .
     [Google Scholar]
133. Zizek, Salvoj. (2017), Incontinence of the Void: Economico-Philosophical Spandrels, Cambridge, MA and London:: MIT Press;.
     [Google Scholar]
134. Conner, Thomas. (2020);, 'Pepper's Ghost and the augmented reality of modernity'. , Journal of Science & Popular Culture, 3:1, pp. 57-79, doi: https://doi.org/10.1386/jspc_00012_1
     [Google Scholar]