Framing gender: Representing male teachers in the Australian and New Zealand press | Intellect Skip to content
1981
Volume 41, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 0810-2686
  • E-ISSN: 2517-620X

Abstract

Over the past two decades the issue of gender imbalance in teaching has been the subject of media and political discussion. Researchers have yet to draw definitive conclusions as to the relationship between teacher gender and student achievement, but the notion that more men are needed in teaching persists, with calls for governments to enact ‘affirmative action’ policies. Despite this, surveys of male teachers have found that many believe they are portrayed negatively in the media and that they are under greater scrutiny than their female counterparts. In seeking to better understand this contradiction, this article examines 233 news stories covering the issue of men in teaching. Using framing theory, the authors found that despite a high percentage of stories carrying a positive angle, male teachers are predominantly framed in problematic ways. The authors argue that the news media is ideologically limited in its representation of male teachers, resulting in any advocacy being a counter-narrative to the prevailing logic.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/ajr.41.1.37_1
2019-06-01
2024-04-27
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ajr/41/1/ajr.41.1.37.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1386/ajr.41.1.37_1&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Balogh, S.. ( 2017;), ‘ Male teacher drought needs action. ’, The Australian, 17 July, p. 4.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Barlow, J.. ( 2016;), ‘ Parent attacks Rathkeale response. ’, Dominion Post, 26 August, p. 3.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bhana, D., and Moosa, S.. ( 2016;), ‘ Failing to attract males in foundation phase teaching: An issue of masculinities. ’, Gender and Education, 28:1, pp. 119.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bryan, E.. ( 2015;), ‘ Tasmanian teacher graduates struggling to find work slam government cuts. ’, Australian Broadcasting Corporation;, 27 May, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-27/teacher-graduates-struggling-to-find-work-slam-government-cuts/6502116. Accessed 3 December 2018.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Burgess, M.. ( 2016;), ‘ Work by male-order. ’, The Courier Mail, 26 March, p. 2.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cook, F.. ( 2016;), ‘ Parata denies teacher shortage in light of new plan. ’, Newstalk ZB News, 19 August, p. 1.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Cruickshank, V.. ( 2016;), ‘ The challenges faced by male primary teachers. ’, doctoral thesis, Launceston: University of Tasmania.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cruickshank, V.. ( 2018;), ‘ Male primary teachers’ fear and uncertainty surrounding physical contact. ’, Education, 3–13, 47:2, pp. 24757.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Cushman, P.. ( 2005;), ‘ It’s just not a real bloke’s job: Male teachers in the primary school. ’, Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 33:3, pp. 32138.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Cushman, P.. ( 2007;), ‘ The male teacher shortage: A synthesis of research and worldwide strategies for addressing the shortage. ’, KEDI Journal of Educational Policy, 4:1, pp. 7998.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Davison, K., and Nilsson, A.. ( 2017;), ‘ “Lovely, gorgeous men can be monsters”: Mother of two explains why she won’t let males babysit her children – including her own FATHER. ’, Daily Mail, 28 February, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-4267204/Kasey-Edwards-no-male-babysitters-fear-sex-crimes.html. Accessed 2 December 2018.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Eate, P.,, Beasley, C.,, Papadelos, P.,, Treagus, M., and Augoustinos, M.. ( 2017;), ‘ Schooling the public on boys: The ongoing salience in media representations of the “crisis” in boys’ education. ’, Feminist Media Studies, 17:2, pp. 24863.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Editorial ( 2018;), ‘ Why we need to stop male teachers from becoming extinct. ’, Courier Mail, 17 June, p. 3.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Entman, R.. ( 1993;), ‘ Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. ’, Journal of Communication, 43:4, pp. 5158.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Epstein, E. J.. ( 1972), News from Nowhere: Television and the News, New York:: Random House;.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Evans, L.. ( 2017;), ‘ Growing boy trouble. ’, The Mercury, 28 October, p. 9.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Fotinopoulos, C.. ( 2016;), ‘ Boys need gifted men more than ever. ’, The Age, 5 September, p. 15.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Gamson, J.. ( 2001;), ‘ Normal sins: Sex scandal narratives as institutional morality tales. ’, Problems, 48:2, pp. 185205.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Goncalo, J.,, Chatman, J.,, Duguid, M., and Kennedy, J.. ( 2016;), ‘ How the political correctness frame influences idea expression in mixed-sex groups. ’, LSE Business Review, pp. 148.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Hehir, E.. ( 2016;), ‘ Young men learn boundaries in well-prepared schools. ’, The Age, 7 January, p. 17, https://www.smh.com.au/opinion/young-men-learn-boundaries-in-wellprepared-schools-20160106-gm0bc2.html. Accessed 16 December 2018.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Helgesson, E., and Falaca, K.. ( 2017;), ‘ The construction of an elusive concept: Framing the controversial role and practice of lobbying in Swedish media. ’, Public Relations Inquiry, 6:3, pp. 27591.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kellahan, K.. ( 2016;), ‘ Helping hand to create top blokes. ’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 30 April, p. 17.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. MacMillan, K.. ( 2002;), ‘ Narratives of social disruption: Education news in the British tabloid press. ’, Discourses: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 23:1, pp. 2738.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Macquarie University ( 2017;), ‘ Male teachers headed for extinction in Australia: Study predicts no more male teachers from around mid-2060s. ’, Macquarie University, 18 September, https://www.mq.edu.au/newsroom/2017/09/18/male-teachers-headed-for-extinction-in-australia-study-predicts-no-more-male-teachers-from-around-the-mid-2060s/. Accessed 10 October 2018.
  25. Martin, A., and Marsh, H.. ( 2005;), ‘ Motivating boys and motivating girls: Does teacher gender really make a difference?. ’, Australian Journal of Education, 49:3, pp. 32034.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Martino, W.,, Lingard, B., and Mills, M.. ( 2004;), ‘ Issues in boys’ education: A question of teacher threshold knowledges?. ’, Gender and Education, 16:4, pp. 43554.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. McGrath, K., and Sinclair, M.. ( 2013;), ‘ More male primary-school teachers? Social benefits for boys and girls. ’, Gender and Education, 25:5, pp. 53147.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Mills, A.. ( 2016;), ‘ Where are all the males?. ’, Daily Advertiser, 2 February, p. 12.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Mills, M.,, Martino, W., and Lingard, B.. ( 2004;), ‘ Attracting, recruiting and retaining male teachers: Policy issues in the male teacher debate. ’, British Journal of the Sociology of Education, 25:3, pp. 35569.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Moosa, S., and Bhana, D.. ( 2018;), ‘ “They won’t take you as a man, as a real man”: Why men can’t teach young children in foundation phase. ’, International Journal of Inclusive Education, 22:2, pp. 57793.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Neuman, R.,, Just, M., and Crigler, A.. ( 1992), Common Knowledge. News and the Construction of Political Meaning, Chicago, IL:: The University of Chicago Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Nichols, L.. ( 2015;), ‘ Bruce ready for retirement. ’, Singleton Argus, 5 November, p. 13.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Piovesan, A.. ( 2017;), ‘ Where are all the male teachers?. ’, Stawell Times-News, 22 September, p. 7.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Quinlivan, S.. ( 2016;), ‘ Teacher barred after sending teen naked pictures. ’, Toowoomba Chronicle, 1 October, p. 5.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Reese, S.. ( 2007;), ‘ The framing project: A bridging model for media research revisited. ’, Journal of Communication, 57:1, pp. 14856.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Roberts, L.. ( 2017;), ‘ An endangered species. ’, Daily Telegraph, 21 September, p. 23.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Shine, K.. ( 2015;), ‘ Reporting the “exodus”: News coverage of teacher shortage in Australian newspapers. ’, Issues in Educational Research, 25:4, pp. 50116.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Shine, K.. ( 2017;), ‘ “Everything is negative”: Schoolteachers’ perceptions of new news coverage of education. ’, Journalism, December, pp. 116.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Skelton, C.. ( 2002;), ‘ The “feminisation of schooling” or “re-masculinising” primary education?. ’, International Studies in Sociology of Education, 12:1, pp. 7796.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Skelton, C.. ( 2012;), ‘ Men teachers and the “feminised” primary school: A review of the literature. ’, Educational Review, 64:1, pp. 119.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Steinfeldt, J.,, Zakrajsek, R.,, Carter, H., and Steinfeld, M.. ( 2011;), ‘ Conformity to gender norms among female student-athletes: Implications for body image. ’, Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 12:4, pp. 40116.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Stroud, J.,, Smith, L.,, Ealy, L., and Hurst, R.. ( 2000;), ‘ Choosing to teach: Perceptions of male preservice teachers in early childhood and elementary education. ’, Early Child Development and Care, 163:1, pp. 4960.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Stone, L.. ( 2017;), ‘ Male school teachers “at risk” of extinction. ’, The Examiner, 20 September, p. 5.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Thomas, S.. ( 2011;), ‘ Teachers and public engagement: An argument for re-thinking teacher professionalism to challenge deficit discourses in the public sphere. ’, Discourses: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 32:2, pp. 37182.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Thyne, N.. ( 2015;), ‘ Fewer male early childhood teachers. ’, Timaru Herald, 4 December, p. 13, https://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/news/74638821/null. Accessed 3 November 2018.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Trent, J.. ( 2015;), ‘ The gendered, hierarchical construction of teacher identities: Exploring the male primary school teacher voice in Hong Kong. ’, Journal of Education Policy, 30:4, pp. 50017.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Whitby, G.. ( 2017;), ‘ Getting boys to open up is key. ’, Paramatta Advertiser, 15 November, p. 87.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Williams, T., and Castello, R.. ( 2016;), ‘ Classroom rollcall: An absence of men. ’, The Advertiser, 31 January, p. 60.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Wilson, L.. ( 2015;), ‘ A tough start for graduate. ’, Waikato Times, 31 July, p. 3.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Reid, D.,, Palmer, C.,, Drummond, M., and Cruickshank, V.. ( 2019;), ‘ Framing gender: Representing male teachers in the Australian and New Zealand press. ’, Australian Journalism Review, 41:1, pp. 3752, doi: 10.1386/ajr.41.1.37_1
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1386/ajr.41.1.37_1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1386/ajr.41.1.37_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Article
Keyword(s): education; framing; gender; masculinities; media; representation
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error