Digital communication and Ramadan at the time of COVID-19 | Intellect Skip to content
1981
Volume 14, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 1751-9411
  • E-ISSN: 1751-942X

Abstract

COVID-19 has presented both a health and an information risk with the viral spread of sometimes partial, false or erroneous news. In the Arab region, the media spheres have been saturated with information regarding coronavirus news. From social and traditional media, Arab audiences have been bombarded with a plethora of information, some of which was confusing and contradictory. As coronavirus sweeps across the world, many questions have been raised about the possibility of practicing the rites of the month of Ramadan and to observe fasting by Muslims. With the multiplication of the responses from medical staff, doctors of the law and political representatives, COVID-19 has simultaneously become a health, religious, political and ethical problem for the Muslim world. The premise elaborated so far calls for an in-depth research on the return of news on the official Facebook pages of three online magazines during the coronavirus emergency. The research carries out a qualitative media content analysis of all the news published by three digital ethnic newspapers: (United Kingdom), the (France) and the (Italy). The magazines have undertaken to stem the spread of fake news by offering users data and updates on COVID-19, proposing themselves as authoritative voices and reliable sources of information. Ramadan turns out to be a very central element in the three magazines in different measures, since it is an issue that becomes more and more urgent for the Muslim community as the weeks go by. The centrality of the religious element in the information flows is in line with the centrality of Islam in the individual and community life of the faithful. The health and religious emergency were narrated together providing updates on the daily measures to be put in place. Individuals have been called to face the health emergency stimulated by their sense of responsibility towards others also through religious principles. Social media have played an important role from religious, cultural and social points of view in one of the most important moments of the year for the Islamic community.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/jammr_00032_1
2021-11-01
2024-05-02
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Altheide, David L., and Schneider, Christopher J.. ( 2013), Qualitative Media Analysis, London:: Sage;.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Antonilli, Andrea. ( 2012), Diritto, sicurezza e processi di vittimizzazione (Law, Safety and Victimization Processes), Milan:: FrancoAngeli;.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Anzera, Giuseppe. ( 2014;), ‘ La comunicazione d’emergenza nel contesto contemporaneo. ’, in F. Comunello. (eds), Social Media e comunicazione d’emergenza, Milan:: Angelo Guerini e Associati;, pp. 1332.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bauman, Zygmunt. ( 1999), La società dell’incertezza (The Society of Uncertainty), Bologna:: Il Mulino;.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bausani, Alessandro. ( 2013), L’islam (The Islam), , 9th ed.., Rome:: Garzanti Elefanti;.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Baym, Nancy., ( 2010), Personal Connections in the Digital Age, Cambridge:: Polity Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Brighi, Elisabetta, and Petitto, Fabio. (eds) ( 2009), Il Mediterraneo nelle relazioni internazionali (The Mediterranean in International Relations), Milan:: Vita & Pensiero;.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Casero-Ripollés, Andreu. ( 2020;), ‘ Impact of Covid-19 on the media system: Communicative and democratic consequences of news consumption during the outbreak. ’, El profesional de la información, 29:2, pp. 111.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Comunello, Francesca. ( 2014), Social media e comunicazione d’emergenza, Milan:: Angelo Guerini e Associati;.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Comunello, Francesca, and Mulargia, Simone. ( 2017;), ‘ Tra risposte protocollate e “social sensing”: L’uso dei social media per la comunicazione d’emergenza nelle istituzioni locali italiane’ (‘Between registered answers and “social sensing”: The use of social media in PAs crisis communication’). , Sociologia e ricerca sociale, 112, pp. 11137.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Coombs, W. Thimothy. ( 2007), Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, and Responding, Los Angeles, CA:: Sage;.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Coombs, W. Timothy. ( 2008;), ‘ Crisis communication and social media: Essential knowledge project. ’, Institute for Public Relation , https://instituteforpr.org/crisis-management-and-communications/. Accessed 7 February 2021.
  13. Coombs, W. Thimothy, and Holladay, Sherry J.. ( 2001;), ‘ An extented examination of the crisis situation: A fusion of the relational management and symbolic approaches. ’, Journal of Public Relations Research, 13, pp. 32140.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Coombs, Timothy W., and Holladay, Sherry J.. (eds) ( 2010), Handbook of Crisis Communication, Hoboken, NJ:: John Wiley & Sons;.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Corrao, Francesca M.. ( 2020;), ‘ Oltre il Mediterraneo: il covid-19 nel mondo arabo’ (‘Beyond the Mediterranean: Covid-19 in the Arab world’). , Luiss Open, 21 April, https://open.luiss.it/2020/04/21/oltre-il-mediterraneo-il-covid-19-nel-mondo-arabo/. Accessed 30 November 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Corrao, Francesca M., and Violante, Luciano. (eds) ( 2018), L’Islam non è terrorismo (Islam is Not Terrorism), Bologna:: Il Mulino;.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Datareportal ( 2021;), ‘ Digital 2020, April global statshot. ’, 21 April, https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2020-april-global-statshot. Accessed 7 February 2021.
  18. El-Nawawy, Mohammed, and Khamis, Sahar. ( 2009), Islam Dot Com: Contemporary Islamic Discourses in Cyberspace, New York:: Palgrave Macmillan;.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Endsley, Mica R.. ( 1995;), ‘ Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. ’, Human Factors Journal, 37, pp. 3264.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Endsley, Mica R., and Garland, Daniel J.. (eds) ( 2000), Situation Awareness Analysis and Measurement, Boca Raton, FL:: CRC Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Fanara, Dario. ( 2020;), ‘ Narrazioni mediali nel Mediterraneo: Il servizio pubblico di Italia e Tunisia a confronto’ (‘Media narratives in the Mediterranean: The public service of Italy and Tunisia compared’). , in A. Forgione,, R. Masucci, and N. Ferrigni. (eds), Per una cultura della sicurezza condivisa: Trattato di sicurezza pubblica (For a Shared Safety Culture: Public Security Treaty), Milan:: FrancoAngeli;, pp. 378401.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Farelli, Lina. ( 2020;), ‘ Face au coronavirus, mosquées et imams du Rhône adressent leurs recommandations. ’, Saphir News, 10 March, https://www.saphirnews.com/Face-au-coronavirus-mosquees-et-imams-du-Rhone-adressent-leurs-recommandations_a26959.html?fbclid=IwAR0rmtwB-HtHAyDHvxi0UfNeNJQbmhusiqFeqQZLuBVsEloRM3EBKWS0CMA. Accessed 30 November 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Grant, J. M., and Mack, D. A.. ( 2004;), ‘ Preparing for the battle: Healthy leadership during organizational crisis. ’, Organizational Dynamics, 33, pp. 40925.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Gunter, Barrie,, Elareshi, Mokhtar, and Al-Jaber, Khalid. ( 2016), Social Media in the Arab World: Communication and Public Opinion in the Gulf States, London and New York:: I. B. Tauris;.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Kaplan, Andreas M., and Haenlein, Michael. ( 2010;), ‘ Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. ’, Business Horizons, 53:1, pp. 5968.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Krippendorff, Klaus. ( 2004), Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology, London:: Sage;.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. The Lancet Infectious Disease Official Website ( 2020), https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30565-X/fulltext. Accessed 30 November 2020.
  28. Lelio, Alfonso, and Comin, Gianluca. ( 2020), #ZONAROSSA: Il Covid-19 tra infodemia e comunicazione (#REDAREA: Covid-19 between Infodemic and Communication), Milan:: Guerini e Associati;.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Liu, Brooke F.,, Jin, Yan, and Austin, Lucinda. ( 2013;), ‘ The tendency to tell: understanding publics’ communicative responses to crisis information form and source. ’, Journal of Public Relations Research, 25:1, pp. 5167.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Maireder, Axel, and Ausserhofer, Julian. ( 2014;), ‘ Political discourse on Twitter networking: Topics, objects and people. ’, in A. Bruns,, K. Weller,, J. Burgess,, C. Puschmann, and M. Mahrt. (eds), Twitter and Society, New York:: Peter Lang;, pp. 30518.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Manca, Enrico. ( 2006;), ‘ La comunicazione come strumento di conflitto, di silenzio e di pace’ (‘Communication as an instrument of conflict, silence and peace’). , in V. Mathieu. (ed.), Conflitto e narrazione: Omero, i mass media e il racconto della guerra (‘Conflict and storytelling: Homer, the mass media and the story of the war’), Bologna:: Il Mulino;, pp. 17994.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. McCombs, Maxwell E., and Shaw, Donald L.. ( 1972;), ‘ The agenda-setting function of mass media. ’, Public Opinion Quarterly, 36:2, pp. 17687.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. McCombs, Mawell E.. ( 2004), Setting the Agenda: Mass Media and Public Opinion, Cambridge:: Polity Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. McLuhan, Marshall. ( 1964), Gli strumenti del comunicatore (The Tools of the Communicator), Milan:: Il Saggiatore;.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Morcellini, Mario. ( 2020), Antivirus: Una società senza sistemi immunitari alla sfida del Covid-19 (‘Antivirus: A society without immune systems to the challenge of COVID-19’), Rome:: Lit Edizioni;.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Negri, Antimo. ( 1983), Il mondo dell’insicurezza: Dittico su Popper (The World of Insecurity. Diptych on Popper), Milan:: FrancoAngeli;.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Neuendorf, Kimberly A.. ( 2002), The Content Analysis Guidebook, London:: Sage;.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Nielsen, Michael. ( 2012), Reinventing Discovery: The New Era of Networked Science, Princeton, NJ:: Princeton University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Nunnari, Roberta. ( 2015), La Rivoluzione dei Media dal Times ad Al Jazeera: Dalla supremazia anglosassone all’exploit arabo (The Media Revolution from the Times to Al Jazeera: From Anglo-Saxon Supremacy to Arab Exploit), Rome:: Gangemi;.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Parvez, Ghulam Ahmad. ( 1968), Islam: A Challenge to Religion, Lahore:: Idara-e-Tulu-e-Islam;.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Pérez-Escoda, Ana,, Jiménez-Narros, Carlos,, Perlado-Lamo-de-Espinosa, Marta, and Pedrero-Esteban,, Luis, Miguel. ( 2020;), ‘ Social networks’ engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Health media vs. healthcare professionals. ’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17:14, pp. 117.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Pew Internet & American Life Project ( 2006;), ‘ Blogger callback survey. ’, 6 July, http://www.pewinternet.org. Accessed 7 February 2021.
  43. Procopio, Claire H., and Procopio, Steven T.. ( 2007;), ‘ Do you know what it means to miss New Orleans? Internet communication, geographic community, and social capital in crisis. ’, Journal of Applied Communication Research, 35:1, pp. 6787.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Putnam, Robert D.,, Leonardi, Robert, and Nanetti, Raffaella. ( 1993), Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton, NJ:: Princeton University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Quarantelli, Enrico L.. ( 2005;), ‘ A social science research agenda for the disasters of the 21st century. ’, in R. W. Perry, and E. L. Quarantelli. (eds), What Is a Disaster? New Answers to Old Questions, Philadelphia, PA:: Xlibris;, pp. 32596.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Qur’an 33: 60 ( 2010), Abdel Haleem. (trans.), Oxford:: Oxford University Press;.
  47. Qur’an 49: 6 ( 2010), Abdel Haleem. (trans.), Oxford:: Oxford University Press;.
  48. Raudvere, Catharina. ( 2015), Islam: An Introduction, London:: I.B. Tauris;.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Scarcia Amoretti, Biancamaria. ( 2001), Il mondo musulmano: Quindici secoli di storia (The Muslim World: Fifteen Centuries of History), , 2nd ed.., Rome:: Carocci;.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Scolari, Carlos Alberto. ( 2019;), ‘ Networks: From text to hypertext, from publishing to sharing, from single author to collaborative production. ’, in A. Phillips, and M. Bhaskar. (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Publishing, Oxford:: Oxford University Press;, pp. 12746.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Shaykh Abdallah bin Bayyah Official Website ( 2020;), ‘ UAE council for fatwa, fatwa no. 11, 2020, pertaining to the rulings of performing congregational rites in light of the spread of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease). ’, 3 March, http://binbayyah.net/english/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Fatwa-11-COVID-19-final.pdf. Accessed 30 November 2020.
  52. Spalletta, Marica,, Fanara, Dario, and De Rosa, Paola. ( 2021;), ‘ Setting the aware agenda of the COVID-19 health emergency: The Italian PAs social media coverage. ’, in L. Oliveira,, F. Tajariol, and L. B. Gonçalves. (eds), Digital Services in Crisis, Disaster, and Emergency Situations, Hershey, PA:: IGI Global;, pp. 22145.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Svedin, Lina. ( 2012), Accountability in Crises and Public Trust in Governing Institutions, London and New York:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. UAE Official Website ( 2020;), ‘ The UAE fatwa on fasting and prayers in Ramadan 1441. ’, 19 April, https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/justice-safety-and-the-law/handling-the-covid-19-outbreak/the-uae-fatwa-on-fasting-and-prayers-in-ramadan-1441. Accessed 30 November 2020.
  55. Valeriani, Augusto. ( 2010), Effetto Al Jazeera: Transnazionalismo e ibridizzazioni nei sistemi di giornalismo arabo contemporaneo (Al Jazeera Effect: Transnationalism and Hybridizations in Contemporary Arab Journalism Systems), Bologna:: I Libri di Emili;.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. World Health Organization Official Website ( 2020;), ‘ Managing the COVID-19 infodemic: Promoting healthy behaviours and mitigating the harm from misinformation and disinformation. ’, 23 September, https://www.who.int/news/item/23-09-2020-managing-the-covid-19-infodemic-promoting-healthy-behaviours-and-mitigating-the-harm-from-misinformation-and-disinformation. Accessed 30 November 2020.
  57. Fanara, Dario. ( 2021;), ‘ Digital communication and Ramadan at the time of COVID-19. ’, Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 14:2, pp. 28199, https://doi.org/10.1386/jammr_00032_1
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1386/jammr_00032_1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1386/jammr_00032_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Article
Keyword(s): COVID-19; digital communication; Islam; Ramadan; religion; social media
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error