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- Volume 10, Issue 2, 2022
Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies - Volume 10, Issue 2, 2022
Volume 10, Issue 2, 2022
- Editorial
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Editorial
By Ian ConrichThis issue of the Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies brings together four articles and one report. These are a foretaste of the types of discussions expected at the 27th annual conference of the New Zealand Studies Association, which will take place in June 2023 and will be co-hosted by Stockholm University and the University of Turku. The conference theme, Between Nations/Across Seas: The Transnational and Transcultural Pacific, is reflected in the contributions to this issue which explore questions of voyaging, navigation and exploration, early Indigenous encounters and colonial powers, Pacific activism and decolonization and the contemporary geopolitical situation in the Pacific.
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- Articles
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‘The wandering Missionary, Tang-goo’: G. Herbert Rodwell’s creation of the first Pākehā Māori in published novels
More LessIn 1846, in his serialized novel Woman’s Love: A Romance of Smiles and Tears!, G. Herbert Rodwell (1800–52) introduced a Pākehā Māori character, ‘the wandering Missionary, Tang-goo’. Although Jules Sébastien César Dumont d’Urville (1790–1842) had included a Pākehā Māori in his earlier novel, Les Zélandais: Histoire Australienne, written in 1824–25, this remained unpublished, and therefore Rodwell’s Tang-goo appears to be the first such character in a published novel. Tang-goo is a richly imaginative conception drawing on various sources, including the Pākehā Māori who had come to London, a ‘White Father’ character in G. P. R. James’s 1835 novel, The Gipsy, the Native American category of ‘medicine men’, the experiences of missionaries in New Zealand, especially Samuel Marsden’s 1820 travels, and the Biblical John the Baptist. For much of Rodwell’s novel, Tang-goo is taken to be authentically Māori and as such seems to be a fantastical representation of Britain’s civilizing influence in New Zealand. The novel’s late revelation that Tang-goo was born an English nobleman explodes such a fantasy and also subverts the stereotyped negative portrayals of Pākehā Māori in missionary literature. Tang-goo knows himself to be a unique figure; his creation of a Māori identity is complete only once he is dead.
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Archipelagic aesthetics in Craig Santos Perez’s from unincorporated territory
More LessScholars have often noted a poetics of fragmentation in Craig Santos Perez’s from unincorporated territory and have interpreted it in terms of an adaption of modernist aesthetic. Building on this work, this article argues that, while Perez’s poetry may be adapting familiar modernist poetics, more significantly it presents an aesthetic that is rooted in the relationship between landscape and colonization and therefore in the historical and material reality of what Epeli Hau‘ofa called ‘the sea of islands’: an archipelagic aesthetic. This article further proposes to understand this archipelagic aesthetic, first, as the combined affordances of two forms, the bounded whole and the network. In from unincorporated territory, this archipelagic aesthetic allows Perez to explore interdependence on different temporal and spatial scales because, second, the archipelago is also more than the form of the network and the whole: it is a landscape that has been shaped by colonialism as well as by geology, and it therefore affords a temporal scale that reaches beyond human record into deep time. Furthermore, as a chain of islands, the archipelago affords a relationality that goes beyond continental and territorial categories into the submerged realities of planetary ocean flows.
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The Spanish contribution to the exploration and charting of the South Pacific (1770–75): Knowledge exchange in the South Sea
By Mirela AlticThis article analyses the Spanish contribution to the exploration and charting of the South Pacific at the time of Captain James Cook. The article focuses on three expeditions conducted in the Age of Enlightenment, reflecting certain changes in the discourse of exploration and dissemination of knowledge. Captain Don Felipe González de Ahedo arrived on Easter Island in 1770, claimed it in the name of the Spanish crown and, with the help of his navigator Juan Hervé, conducted detailed charting of the island. Hervé would play a key role in the next two expeditions sent to the South Pacific by the Viceroy of Peru, Manuel de Amat y Junyent. The two expeditions led by Domingo de Bonechea Andonaegui in 1772–73 and 1774–75 explored and charted Tahiti and the Tuamotu Archipelago. As a result of the expeditions, apart from comprehensive travel logs, a series of some ninety charts appeared, documenting the achievements of Spanish maritime cartography of the South Pacific. In this article, interaction between Spanish and other explorative cartographers will be considered, giving special regard to the influence of Cook. The article presents the Spanish manuscript charts of the South Pacific that are kept in the State Library of New South Wales (Somaglia Collection), the Real Academia de la Historia (Madrid), the Archivo General de Indias (Seville), the Museo Naval de Madrid and Biblioteca Nacional de Chile.
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Carl Schmitt and Chinese political thought: Relevance for Papua New Guinea and the Pacific
By David LeaThis article considers the relevance of the theories of German jurist Carl Schmitt for understanding Papua New Guinea (PNG) politics and international relations, with a focus on relations with China. In pursuing this analysis, the text gives particular emphasis to Schmitt’s friend–enemy distinction. In order to understand the regional context in which China has a growing presence, this article initially highlights the preoccupation of Chinese intellectuals with the ideas of Schmitt. It proceeds to mention the use of Schmitt’s ideas in supporting the particular ideological positions of Chinese liberals, the New Leftists, those who articulate the China Path and even the Chinese state. Through a comparative analysis I both compare how Schmittian ideas have been used by Chinese intellectuals to critique the economic inequality in Chinese society and alternatively the relevance of such critiques to the issues of social inequality in PNG. The discussion subsequently focuses on PNG’s international relations and China’s increasing economic and political influence. While the United States and its regional partner Australia appear to be alarmed by an expanding Chinese presence, others do not necessarily believe that Beijing has overreaching ambitions of global dominance. The article considers the suggestion that Chinese thinking on international relations has been influenced by Schmitt’s concept of the Großraum, an alternative to the Westphalian system, in which international relations are marked by a dominant hegemon and self-contained regional blocks consisting of constellated nations. As PNG finds itself in a critical position and subject to pressures from both the West and China, the text considers PNG sovereignty within a possible regional system in which China serves as the dominant hegemon.
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- Report
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Auto-experimentation in wave piloting and celestial navigation: Vaeakau-Taumako, Solomon Islands
More LessThis report involves what I term ‘auto-experimentation’, or experimenting on myself, to learn and assess the arts of seafaring and navigation as practised in the south-eastern Solomon Islands. From 2007 to 2008, I spent nine months with people of the Polynesian island of Taumako, exploring local seafaring techniques. My objective was to study non-instrument navigation as a participant observer, combining verbal instruction with a 70-mile voyage in a large outrigger canoe, without the aid of navigational instruments, from Taumako to the Outer Reef or Vaeakau islands. However, no voyaging canoes were operational during my time in the field. Therefore, instead of watching navigators as they plied their trade, I spoke with them at length and tried to test my own ability to implement what I had learned from my instructors. Here I recount my efforts, while travelling aboard a cargo ship in the Solomon Islands’ Temotu Province, to estimate my heading and location by tracking the movements of stars, the sun, and wind and wave patterns. I then consider my own level of success and what it might suggest about the effectiveness of methods imparted to me by my interlocutors.
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- Obituary
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- Book Reviews
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Sea People: In Search of the Ancient Navigators of the Pacific, Christina Thompson ([2019] 2020)
More LessReview of: Sea People: In Search of the Ancient Navigators of the Pacific, Christina Thompson ([2019] 2020)
London: William Collins, 384 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 00833 905 0 (pbk), £9.99
Voyagers: The Settlement of the Pacific, Nicholas Thomas (2021)
New York: Basic Books, 224 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 54161 983 8 (hbk), US$25.00
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Breaking the Shell: Voyaging from Nuclear Refugees to People of the Sea in the Marshall Islands, Joseph H. Genz (2018)
More LessReview of: Breaking the Shell: Voyaging from Nuclear Refugees to People of the Sea in the Marshall Islands, Joseph H. Genz (2018)
Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i Press, 241 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 82486 791 1 (hbk), US$84.00
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Poisoning the Pacific: The US Military’s Secret Dumping of Plutonium, Chemical Weapons, and Agent Orange, Jon Mitchell (2020)
By Roy SmithReview of: Poisoning the Pacific: The US Military’s Secret Dumping of Plutonium, Chemical Weapons, and Agent Orange, Jon Mitchell (2020)
Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 320 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 53813 033 9 (hbk), US$24.95
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Whāriki: The Growth of Māori Community Entrepreneurship, Merata Kawharu and Paul Tapsell (2019)
More LessReview of: Whāriki: The Growth of Māori Community Entrepreneurship, Merata Kawharu and Paul Tapsell (2019)
Auckland: Oratia Books, 198 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 94750 663 6 (pbk), NZ$39.99
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Crafting Aotearoa: A Cultural History of Making in New Zealand and the Wider Moana Oceania, Karl Chitham, Kolokesa U. Māhina-Tuai and Damian Skinner (eds), researched by Rigel Sorzano (2019)
Authors: Anna-Christina (Tina) Engels-Schwarzpaul and Albert L. RefitiReview of: Crafting Aotearoa: A Cultural History of Making in New Zealand and the Wider Moana Oceania, Karl Chitham, Kolokesa U. Māhina-Tuai and Damian Skinner (eds), researched by Rigel Sorzano (2019)
Wellington: Te Papa Press, 496 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 99413 627 5 (hbk), NZ$85.00
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Hei Taonga mā ngā Uri Whakatipu / Treasures for the Rising Generation: The Dominion Museum Ethnological Expeditions 1919–1923, Wayne Ngata, Arapata Hakiwai, Anne Salmond, Conal McCarthy, Amiria Salmond, Monty Soutar, James Schuster, Billie Lythberg, John Niko Maihi, Sandra Kahu Nepia, Te Wheturere Poope Gray, Te Aroha McDonnell and Natalie Robertson (2021)
More LessReview of: Hei Taonga mā ngā Uri Whakatipu / Treasures for the Rising Generation: The Dominion Museum Ethnological Expeditions 1919–1923, Wayne Ngata, Arapata Hakiwai, Anne Salmond, Conal McCarthy, Amiria Salmond, Monty Soutar, James Schuster, Billie Lythberg, John Niko Maihi, Sandra Kahu Nepia, Te Wheturere Poope Gray, Te Aroha McDonnell and Natalie Robertson (2021)
Wellington: Te Papa Press, 368 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 99510 310 8 (hbk), NZ$75.00
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Tiki: Marquesan Art and the Krusenstern Expedition, Elena Govor and Nicholas Thomas (eds) (2019)
More LessReview of: Tiki: Marquesan Art and the Krusenstern Expedition, Elena Govor and Nicholas Thomas (eds) (2019)
Leiden: Sidestone Press, 250 pp.,
ISBN 978 9 08890 690 9 (pbk), €60
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Archaeology of Pacific Oceania: Inhabiting a Sea of Islands, Mike T. Carson (2018)
More LessReview of: Archaeology of Pacific Oceania: Inhabiting a Sea of Islands, Mike T. Carson (2018)
London and New York: Routledge, 406 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 13809 717 9 (pbk), £36.99
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The Kingdom and the Republic: Sovereign Hawaiʻi and the Early United States, Noelani Arista (2019)
More LessReview of: The Kingdom and the Republic: Sovereign Hawaiʻi and the Early United States, Noelani Arista (2019)
Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 312 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 81222 491 7 (hbk), US$45.00
Hawaiʻi: Eight Hundred Years of Political and Economic Change, Sumner La Croix (2019)
Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 376 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 22659 209 1 (pbk), US$64.00
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Not in Narrow Seas: The Economic History of Aotearoa New Zealand, Brian Easton (2020)
By André BrettReview of: Not in Narrow Seas: The Economic History of Aotearoa New Zealand, Brian Easton (2020)
Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington Press, 688 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 77656 304 3 (pbk), NZ$60.00
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Australien, Ozeanien, Neuseeland, Hermann Mückler (2020)
More LessReview of: Australien, Ozeanien, Neuseeland, Hermann Mückler (2020)
Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag, 640 pp.,
ISBN 978 3 10010 845 6 (hbk), €78.00
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Making Waves: Traveling Musics in Hawai‘i, Asia, and the Pacific, Frederick Lau and Christine R. Yano (eds) (2018)
By Martin LodgeReview of: Making Waves: Traveling Musics in Hawai‘i, Asia, and the Pacific, Frederick Lau and Christine R. Yano (eds) (2018)
Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i Press, 228 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 82487 376 9 (hbk), US$80.00
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Ocean Passages: Navigating Pacific Islander and Asian American Literatures, Erin Suzuki (2021)
More LessReview of: Ocean Passages: Navigating Pacific Islander and Asian American Literatures, Erin Suzuki (2021)
Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 268 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 43992 094 7 (pbk), US$39.95
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