Staging a ‘Children’s Classic’, teaching racism: Pippi Longstocking ([2005] 2019)

References

1. Aaltonen, Jouko and Sivonen, Seppo (2019), Orjia ja isäntiä: Ruotsalais-suomalainen siirtomaaherruus Karibialla, Helsinki: Into.
   [Google Scholar]
2. Akinleye, Adesole (ed.) (2021), (Re:)Claiming Ballet, Bristol: Intellect Books.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Ångström, Anna (2005), ‘Pippi Långstrump: Balett-Pippi blir lite för snäll’, Svenska Dagbladet, 13 May, https://www.svd.se/a/cb4a784a-6029-3ac9-9d8e-e79ca64bb1dc/balett-pippi-blir-lite-for-snall. Accessed 1 February 2023.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Angyal, Chloe (2010), ‘The Nutcracker: A beloved holiday tradition and a refuge for racism’, Feministing, 9 December, http://feministing.com/2010/12/09/the-nutcracker-a-beloved-holiday-tradition-and-a-refuge-for-racism/. Accessed 13 May 2020.
5. Archive.org (2023), ‘Archived image of the Finnish National Opera and Ballet company site’, 28 November 2022, https://web.archive.org/web/20191128235346/https://oopperabaletti.fi/. Accessed 26 January 2023.
6. Babbage, Frances (2018), Adaptation in Contemporary Theatre: Performing Literature, London: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Badin, Adolf, Ludvig, Gustaf and Fredic, Albert Couschi (1802), Badins dagbok, Manuscript Litteraturbanken, https://litteraturbanken.se/f%C3%B6rfattare/BadinG/titlar/BadinsDagbok/sida/1/faksimil. Accessed 7 December 2020.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Bashford, Alison (2010), ‘Epilogue: Where did eugenics go?’, in A., Bashford and P., Levine (eds), The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 539–58.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Bourne, Sandie Mae (2018), ‘Tracing the evolution of Black representation in ballet and the impact on Black British dancers today’, in A., Akinleye (ed.), Narratives in Black British Dance: Embodied Practices, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 51–64.
   [Google Scholar]
10. Bührle, Iris (2019), ‘A pas de deux for a cathedral and a hunchback: Roland Petit’s ballet Notre-Dame De Paris’, Forum for Modern Language Studies, 55:3, pp. 280–93.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Chan, Philip (2020), Final Bow for Yellowface: Dancing between Intention and Impact, New York: Yellow Peril Press.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Culp, Jennifer (2017), ‘How to look like a non-racist production of The Nutcracker’, The Establishment, 21 December, https://web.archive.org/web/20180811134131/https://medium.com/the-establishment/how-to-look-like-a-non-racist-production-of-the-nutcracker-40194af68243. Accessed 13 May 2020.
13. Dikötter, Frank (1998), ‘Race culture: Recent perspectives on the history of eugenics’, The American Historical Review, 103:2, pp. 467–78.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Djupsjöbacka, Tove (2019), ‘Nationalbalettens Pippi Långstrump är en charmerande pärla’, Hufvudstadsbladet, 4 December, https://www.hbl.fi/artikel/79eedc5b-0650-4192-b3c7-0278896b93fe. Accessed 1 February 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Finnish National Ballet (2019), ‘Pippi Longstocking’, programme notes, 7 December.
16. Fisher, Jennifer (2003), Nutcracker Nation: How an Old World Ballet Became a Christmas Tradition in the New World, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Gindt, Dirk and Potvin, John (2020), ‘Curating and performing racism: Scenarios of Afrophobia in contemporary Sweden’, Scandinavian Studies, 92:1, pp. 1–38.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Gottschild, Brenda Dixon (2012), Joan Myers Brown and the Audacious Hope of the Black Ballerina: A Biohistory of American Performance, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Gustafsson, Miia (2019), ‘“Kärkitossut eivät ole Peppi Pitkätossun juttu”: Katso kuinka baletti sujuu liian suurilla kengillä’, YLE Uutiset, 29 November, https://yle.fi/a/3-11081409. Accessed 1 February 2023.
20. Grundhauser, Eric (2016), ‘The fabulous history of JAZZ HANDS!’, Atlas Obscura, 19 August, https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-fabulous-history-of-jazz-hands. Accessed 7 December 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Hanna, Mark (2015), Pirate Nests and the Rise of the British Empire, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Heed, Sven Åke (2007), Ny svensk teaterhistoria: Teater före 1800, Riga: Gidlunds Förlag.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Hix, Lisa (2017), ‘How America’s obsession with Hula girls almost wrecked Hawai’I’, Collectors Weekly, 22 March, https://www.collectorsweekly.com/articles/how-americas-obsession-with-hula-girls-almost-wrecked-hawaii/. Accessed 20 March 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Honkanen, Suvi (2022) ‘Kansallisbaletin Peppi Pitkätossu toistaa kulttuurisia stereotypioita’, Helsingin Sanomat, 8 June, https://www.hs.fi/mielipide/art-2000008866822.html. Accessed 8 June 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Hutcheon, Linda and O’Flynn, Siobhan (2013), A Theory of Adaptation, 2nd ed., London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
26. Isberg, Pär (2016), ‘“Pippi Longstocking”: Promotional video by the Royal Swedish Ballet 2005 production’, YouTube, 13 June, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12bscmrhEfQ. Accessed 7 December 2020.
27. Jackson, Steven J. and Hokowhitu, Brendan (2002), ‘Sport, tribes, and technology: The New Zealand All Blacks haka and the politics of identity’, Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 26:2, pp. 125–39.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Järvinen, Hanna (2020), ‘Ballets Russes and blackface’, Dance Research Journal, 52:3, pp. 76–96.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Jensen, Gunilla (2009), ‘Skada gav kluven Notre-Dame’, Svenska Dagbladet, 4 April, https://www.svd.se/a/8c5f58a9-44e9-3876-9647-a3eada475ebb/skada-gav-kluven-notre-dame. Accessed 1 February 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
30. Kealiinohomoku, Joann ([1970] 2001), ‘An anthropologist looks at ballet as a form of ethnic dance’, in A., Dils and A., Albright (eds), Moving History/Dancing Cultures: A Dance History Reader, Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, pp. 33–43.
    [Google Scholar]
31. King-Dorset, Rodreguez (2008), Black Dance in London, 1730–1850, Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
    [Google Scholar]
32. Koivisto, Tommi (2019), ‘Peppi Pitkätossu -baletti on Kansallisbaletin antia parhaimmillaan’, Lily, 7 December, https://www.lily.fi/blogit/isyyspakkaus/peppi-pitkatossu-baletti/. Accessed 1 February 2023.
33. Laakkonen, Johanna, Kukkonen, Aino, Rauhamaa, Raisa, Korppi-Tommola, Riikka and Suhonen, Tiina (eds) (2021), Se alkoi joutsenesta: Sata vuotta arkea ja unelmia Kansallisbaletissa, Hämeenlinna: Karisto.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Loponen, Mika (2019), ‘The semiospheres of prejudice in the fantastic arts: The inherited racism of irrealia and their transformation’, Ph.D. dissertation, Helsinki: Unigrafia.
    [Google Scholar]
35. McMahon, Richard (2016), The Races of Europe: Construction of National Identities in the Social Sciences, 1839–1939, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Mulinari, Diane, Keskinen, Suvi, Irni, Sari and Tuori, Salla ([2009] 2020), ‘Introduction: Postcolonialism and the Nordic models of welfare and gender’, in S., Keskinen, S., Tuori, S., Irni and D., Mulinari (eds), Complying with Colonialism: Gender, Race and Ethnicity in the Nordic Region, London: Routledge, pp. 1–16.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Nyqvist, Annette (2018), ‘The travelling story of Pettersson in the Pacific’, in S., Helgesson, A., Alling, Y., Lindqvist and H., Wulf (eds), World Literatures: Exploring the Cosmopolitan-Vernacular Exchange, Stockholm: Stockholm University Press, pp. 261–74.
    [Google Scholar]
38. Östlund, Joachim (2017), ‘Playing the white knight: Badin, chess, and Black self-fashioning in eighteenth-century Sweden’, in L., Raiford and H., Raphael-Hernandez (eds), Migrating the Black Body: The African Diaspora and Visual Culture, Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, pp. 71–91.
    [Google Scholar]
39. Paasikivi, Lilli (2023), ‘Uusia tuulia oopperamaailmassa’, Lillin blog, 26 January, https://oopperabaletti.fi/kulisseissa/uusia-tuulia-oopperamaailmassa/. Accessed 4 February 2023.
40. Painter, Nell Irvin (2010), The History of White People, New York: W.W. Norton.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Palmberg, Mai ([2009] 2020), ‘The Nordic colonial mind’, in S., Keskinen, S., Tuori, S., Irni and D., Mulinari (eds), Complying with Colonialism: Gender, Race and Ethnicity in the Nordic Region, London: Routledge, pp. 35–50.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Pauli, Calle (2005), ‘Pippi revolterar utan ord på Operan’, Dagens nyheter, 11 May, https://www.dn.se/kultur-noje/pippi-revolterar-utan-ord-pa-operan/. Accessed 1 February 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Pippi Longstocking (2019), ‘Finnish National Opera and Ballet company Stage24 broadcasting service recording’, https://oopperabaletti.fi/en/stage24/pippi-longstocking-recording/. Accessed 20 March 2020.
44. Pred, Allan Richard (2004), The Past Is Not Dead: Facts, Fictions, and Enduring Racial Stereotypes, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
    [Google Scholar]
45. Rastas, Anna (2019), ‘The emergence of race as a social category in Northern Europe’, in P., Essed, K., Farquharson, E. J., White and K., Pillay (eds), Relating Worlds of Racism: Dehumanization, Belonging and the Normativity of Whiteness, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 357–81.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Riihinen, Eleonoora (2022), ‘Ooppera on perinteisesti kolonialistinen ja rasistinen taidemuoto, sanoo tutkija: Kansallisbaletti päätyi muuttamaan Peppi Pitkätossu -balettia kritiikin takia’, Helsingin Sanomat, 23 August, https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000009012733.html. Accessed 23 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
47. Robb, Alice (2014), ‘Sorry, “The Nutcracker” is racist’, The New Republic, 24 December, https://newrepublic.com/article/120640/nutcracker-racist-chinese-tea-arabian-coffee. Accessed 13 May 2020.
    [Google Scholar]
48. Robinson, Danielle (2015), Modern Moves: Dancing Race during the Ragtime and Jazz Eras, New York: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
49. Shay, Anthony (2021), ‘Staging the folk: Choreographic issues of national representation’, Dance Research, 39:2, pp. 222–46.
    [Google Scholar]
50. Sirén, Vesa (2019), ‘Baletti maailman vahvimmasta tytöstä’, Helsingin Sanomat, 27 November, https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000006321594.html. Accessed 1 February 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
51. Sörenson, Margareta (2005), ‘Allas vår Pippi’, Danstidningen, 19 May, https://www.danstidningen.se/2005/05/19/allas-var-pippi/. Accessed 1 February 2023.
52. Sporton, Gregory (2013), ‘The conservative revolution: The Bolshoi archives’, Scene, 1:1, pp. 85–98.
    [Google Scholar]
53. Stillwell, Devon (2012), ‘Eugenics visualized: The exhibit of the Third International Congress of Eugenics, 1932’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 86:2, pp. 206–36.
    [Google Scholar]
54. Surmatz, Astrid (2007), ‘International politics in Astrid Lindgren’s works’, Barnboken, 30:1–2, pp. 24–37.
    [Google Scholar]
55. Tamminen, Tapio (2015), Kansankodin pimeämpi puoli, Jyväskylä: Atena.
    [Google Scholar]
56. Tossavainen, Jussi (2019), ‘Kansallisbaletin Peppi Pitkätossu on täydellinen joulunajan teos, jossa koko tanssijakunta panee parastaan’, Helsingin Sanomat, 30 November, https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000006326699.html. Accessed 1 February 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
57. Trippiic (2015), ‘SVT Debatt – Rätt eller fel ta bort “neger-kung”?’, YouTube, 1 July, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEpwixAEzKY&t=1s. Accessed 1 February 2023.
58. Tydén, Mattias (2010), ‘The Scandinavian states: Reformed eugenics applied’, in A., Bashford and P., Levine (eds), The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 363–76.
    [Google Scholar]
59. Volo, Dorothy Denneen and Volo, James M. (2002), Daily Life in the Age of Sail, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
    [Google Scholar]
60. Weingart, Peter (1999), ‘Science and political culture: Eugenics in comparative perspective’, Scandinavian Journal of History, 24:2, pp. 163–77.
    [Google Scholar]
61. Wekker, Gloria (2016), White Innocence: Paradoxes of Colonialism and Race, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
62. Wessel, Merle (2015), ‘Castration of male sex offenders in the Nordic welfare state in the context of homosexuality and heteronormativity, 1930–1955’, Scandinavian Journal of History, 40:5, pp. 591–609.
    [Google Scholar]