Digitizing public services and multiple interactive communications as a local government requirement: The case of the Kurdistan region of Iraq | Intellect Skip to content
1981
Volume 15, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 2516-3523
  • E-ISSN: 2516-3531

Abstract

Two-way communication between the government and the public requires advanced information and communications technology (ICT). As a participatory platform, social media can facilitate public engagement and assist the authorities in introducing co-production of services with higher quality and at lower cost. This study examines the possibility, potential and challenges of digitizing the government and implementing two-way communication via social media in order to improve government information provision in an evolving digital ecosystem, using the Kurdistan regional government (KRG) as a case study. The study has adopted a survey method that gathered questionnaire responses from public servants working for the KRG, usually referred to as ‘employees’ in the Kurdistan region of Iraq (KRI), carried out between February 2019 and June 2019 ( = 1215). The findings suggest that, at present, individual KRG employees use social media on their own initiative without following structured policies or coordinated plans involving the whole of government. As a result, this study recommends that the government develop structured criteria and a formal policy for using social media across all government institutions.

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Kurdistan National Research Council – Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research – Kurdistan regional government
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/jdmp_00107_1
2022-09-28
2024-05-03
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Andersen, D. F. and Dawes, S. S. (1991), Government Information Management: A Primer and Casebook, Englewood, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Aneke, A. (2010), Technology and Corruption: The Missing and Morbid Links of Development in Africa, Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Asongu, S. A. and Nwachukwu, J. C. (2019), ‘The role of openness in the effect of ICT on governance’, Information Technology for Development, 25:3, pp. 50331.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bali, A. O. (2016), Political Communication in Kurdistan, Germany, Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bali, A. O. (2018a), ‘Communication tools to fight bureaucratic corruption in Iraqi Kurdistan: A case study’, SAGE Open, 8:4, https://doi.org/2158244018811185. Accessed 15 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bali, A. O. and Abdullah, K. H. (2017), ‘The consequence of an economic boom on the perception of democracy, government performance and public service: Iraqi Kurdistan as a case study’, International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies, 11:3, pp. 22134.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Bali, A. O. and Cere, R. (2018), ‘Reporting the crisis in Iraq: Media coverage of the humanitarian aid effort in Kurdistan’, Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 41:2, pp. 85101.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bali, A. O., Jabar, S., Jalal, H. and Sofi-Karim, M. (2020), ‘Iraqi media entrepreneurs across social media: Factors and challenges,’ Journal of Digital Media & Policy, https://doi.org/10.1386/jdmp_00024_1. Accessed 15 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Becker, S., Bryman, A. and Ferguson, H. (eds) (2012), Understanding Research for Social Policy and Social Work: Themes, Methods and Approaches, Bristol: Policy Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T. and Hansen, D. (2012), ‘The impact of polices on government social media usage: Issues, challenges, and recommendations’, Government Information Quarterly, 29:1, pp. 3040.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Botan, C. H. and Hazleton, V. (eds) (2010), Public Relations Theory II, New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Bovaird, T. and Loeffler, E. (2012), ‘From engagement to co-production: The contribution of users and communities to outcomes and public value’, Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 23:4, pp. 111938.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2015), Business Research Methods, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Bussell, J. L. (2010), ‘Why get technical? Corruption and the politics of public service reform in the Indian states’, Comparative Political Studies, 43, pp. 123057.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Bussell, J. L. (2012), Corruption and Reform in India: Public Services in the Digital Age, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Chun, S. A. and Luna-Reyes, L. F. (2012), ‘Social media in government’, Government Information Quarterly, 29:4, pp. 44145.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Coye, R. W. (2004), ‘Managing customer expectations in the service encounter’, International Journal of Service Management, 15:1, pp. 5471.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Department of the Interior (2018), ‘Part 470: Public communications Chapter 2: Digital media policy’, 21 May, https://edit.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/elips/documents/470_dm_2_digital_media_policy_1.pdf. Accessed 15 August 2022.
  19. Desouza, K. C. and Bhagwatwar, A. (2012), ‘Citizen apps to solve complex urban problems’, Journal of Urban Technology, 19:3, pp. 10736.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Desouza, K. C. and Bhagwatwar, A. (2014), ‘Technology-enabled participatory platforms for civic engagement: The case of US cities’, Journal of Urban Technology, 21:4, pp. 2550.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. du Plessis, D. F. (2000), Introduction to Public Relations and Advertising, Cape Town: Juta & Co. Ltd.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Graber, D. (1992), Public Sector Communication: How Organizations Manage Information, Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Grunig, J. E. and Hunt, T. T. (1984), Managing Public Relations, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Hood, C. and Lodge, M. (2006), The Politics of Public Service Bargains, Oxford: Oxford Scholarship Online.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Johnston, J. and Sheehan, M. (eds) (2020), Public Relations: Theory and Practice, New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Kass, H. D. and Catron, B. L. (1990), Images and Identities in Public Administration, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Lampard, R. and Pole, C. (2015), Practical Social Investigation: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Social Research, Abingdon: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Lee, G. and Kwak, Y. H. (2012), ‘An open government maturity model for social media-based public engagement’, Government Information Quarterly, 29:4, pp. 492503.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Linders, D. (2012), ‘From e-government to we-government: Defining a typology for citizen coproduction in the age of social media’, Government Information Quarterly, 29:4, pp. 44654.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Lovari, A., D’Ambrosi, L. and Bowen, S. A. (2020), ‘Re-connecting voices: The (new) strategic role of public sector communication after the COVID-19 crisis’, PARTECIPAZIONE E CONFLITTO, 13:2, pp. 97089.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Meijer, A. J. (2011), ‘Networked coproduction of public services in virtual communities: From a government-centric to a community approach to public service support’, Public Administration Review, 71:4, pp. 598607.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Picazo-Vela, S., Gutiérrez-Martínez, I. and Luna-Reyes, L. F. (2012), ‘Understanding risks, benefits, and strategic alternatives of social media applications in the public sector’, Government Information Quarterly, 29:4, pp. 50411.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Sanders, K. and Canel, M. J. (2013), Government Communication Cases and Challenges, London: Bloomsbury Academic.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Skoric, M. M., Zhu, Q., Goh, D. and Pang, N. (2016), ‘Social media and citizen engagement: A meta-analytic review’, New Media & Society, 18:9, pp. 181739.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Sonnenberg, C. (2020), ‘E-government and social media: The impact on accessibility’, Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 31:3, pp. 18191, https://doi.org/1044207320906521. Accessed 10 January 2021.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Theaker, A. (ed.) (2016), The Public Relations Handbook, New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. US Access Board (2017), ‘Final regulatory impact analysis’, Guidelines and Standards, https://www.access-board.gov/ict/fria.html. Accessed 10 January 2021.
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1386/jdmp_00107_1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1386/jdmp_00107_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Article
Keyword(s): ICT; interactive; KRG; policy; service; social media; two-way communication
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error