Climate, infrastructure and the mediation of Miami: The spatial and discursive politics of the Network Access Point of the Americas | Intellect Skip to content
1981
Volume 3, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 2632-2463
  • E-ISSN: 2632-2471

Abstract

The Network Access Point of the Americas, housed in a massive 750,000 square foot structure in downtown Miami, is both data centre and internet exchange point, funnelling informational traffic from and among the United States, Central and South America and the Caribbean to more than 148 countries around the world. In addition to looking at it as a key piece of informational infrastructure, the analysis of the NAP presented in this article unpacks it as both a part of the built environment in Miami and a fantastic discursive production, a work of narrative-making in the city and the larger world. The ecocritical approach of this study includes a visual analysis of the NAP, a textual analysis of the promotional materials Equinix, its owner, produces about it and a situation of this data centre and internet exchange point within the development history and contemporary position of downtown Miami.

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • University of Miami Fellowship in the Arts and Humanities, University of Miami
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/jem_00087_1
2023-03-10
2024-04-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Ariza, M.. ( 2020), Disposable City: Miami’s Future on the Shores of Climate Catastrophe, New York:: Bold Type Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Beck, U.. ( 2009), Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity, Los Angeles, CA:: Sage;.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bjørn, A.,, Lloyd, S. M.,, Brander, M., and Matthews, H.. ( 2022;), ‘ Renewable energy certificates threaten the integrity of corporate science-based targets. ’, Nature Climate Change, 12, pp. 53946, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01379-5.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bon, L.. ( 2017;), ‘ Another city is possible. ’, Metabolic Studio, 1 July, https://www.metabolicstudio.org/64. Accessed 1 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bowles, N.. ( 2021;), ‘ Join us in Miami! Love, masters of the universe. ’, New York Times, 29 January.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Burrington, I.. ( 2015;), ‘ The environmental toll of a Netflix binge: The data centers that support the internet use a huge amount of energy. ’, The Atlantic, 16 December, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/there-are-no-clean-clouds/420744/. Accessed 1 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Carruth, A.. ( 2014;), ‘ The digital cloud and the micropolitics of energy. ’, Public Culture, 26:2, pp. 33964.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cauter, L. de. ( 2004), The Capsular Civilization: On the City in the Age of Fear, Rotterdam:: Nai;.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Cooper, M.. ( 2008), Life as Surplus: Biotechnology and Capitalism in the Neoliberal Era, Seattle, WA:: University of Washington Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Cox, S.,, Grove, K., and Barnett, A.. ( 2022;), ‘ Design-driven resilience and the limits of geographic critique. ’, The Royal Geographical Society, 188:2, pp. 294308.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Dawson, A.. ( 2017), Extreme Cities: The Peril and Promise of Urban Life in the Age of Climate Change, London:: Verso Books;.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Dunn, M.. ( 1997), Black Miami in the 20th Century, Gainesville, FL:: University of Florida Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Equinix ( 2020;), ‘ 2019 corporate sustainability report. ’, October, https://www.equinix.com/resources/infopapers/2019-corporate-sustainability-report. Accessed 1 August 2022.
  14. Equinix ( 2021;), ‘ Miami metro data sheet 9030, v010621, Q320. ’, https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/miami-data-centers. Accessed 1 August 2022.
  15. Equinix ( 2022;), ‘ IBX technical specifications MI1 Miami IBX data center. ’, https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/miami-data-centers/mi1. Accessed 1 August 2022.
  16. Florida, R.. ( 2018;), ‘ “Climate gentrification” will deepen urban inequality. ’, CityLab, 5 July, https://www.citylab.com/equity/2018/07/the-reality-of-climate-gentrification/564152/. Accessed 1 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Florida, R., and Pedigo, S.. ( 2019), Miami’s Affordability Crisis, Miami, FL:: Florida International University and Creative Class Group;, https://carta.fiu.edu/mufi/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2019/03/Miamis_Housing_Affordability_Crisis_FNL.pdf. Accessed 1 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Galloway, A.. ( 2010;), ‘ Black box, black bloc. ’, lecture delivered at The New School, New York City , 12 April, http://cultureandcommunication.org/galloway/pdf/Galloway,%20Black%20Box%20Black%20Bloc,%20New%20School.pdf. Accessed 1 August 2022.
  19. Grunwald, M.. ( 2006), Swamp: The Everglades, Florida, and the Politics of Paradise, New York:: Simon and Schuster;.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Hogan, M.. ( 2021;), ‘ The data center industrial complex. ’, in J. Melody, and R. Ruiz. (eds), Saturation: An Elemental Politics, Durham, NC:: Duke University Press;, pp. 283305.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Holt, J., and Vonderau, P.. ( 2015;), ‘ “Where the internet lives”: Data centers as cloud infrastructures. ’, in N. Starosielski, and L. Parks. (eds), Signal Traffic: Critical Studies of Media Infrastructures, Chicago, IL:: University of Illinois Press;, pp. 7193.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Horn, E.. ( 2018), The Future as Catastrophe: Imagining Disaster in the Modern Age (trans. V. Pakis), New York:: Columbia University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Hu, T.-H.. ( 2016), A Prehistory of the Cloud, Cambridge, MA:: The MIT Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Hu, T.-H.. ( 2017;), ‘ Black boxes and green lights: Media, infrastructure, and the future at any cost. ’, English Language Notes, 55:1&2, pp. 8188.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Kennan, J. M.,, Hill, T., and Gumber, A.. ( 2018;), ‘ Climate gentrification: From theory to empiricism in Miami-Dade County, Florida. ’, Environmental Research Letters, 13:5, pp. 111, https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aabb32. Accessed 1 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Korten, T.. ( 2015;), ‘ In Florida, officials ban term “climate change”. ’, The Miami Herald, 8 March, https://www.miamiherald.com/news/state/florida/article12983720.html. Accessed 1 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Kruth, J., and Schifani, A.. ( 2020;), ‘ Hacking the NAP: Spectography as counter-fiction machine. ’, The International Journal of Creative Media Research, online first, https://www.creativemediaresearch.org/post/hacking-the-nap-spectography-as-counter-fiction-machine. Accessed 18 January 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Larkin, B.. ( 2013;), ‘ The politics and poetics of infrastructure. ’, Annual Review of Anthropology, 42:1, pp. 32743.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Lemongello, S., and Rohrer, G.. ( 2021;), ‘ DeSantis signs “anti-riot” bill into law, sparking outcry from democrats, civil rights groups. ’, Orlando Sentinel, 19 April, https://www.orlandosentinel.com/politics/os-ne-desantis-signs-anti-riot-bill-20210419-iltp27x5mzcbheeqvyhclhz2xq-story.html. Accessed 27 October 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Mazzei, P.. ( 2021;), ‘ A 20-foot sea wall? Miami faces the hard choices of climate change. ’, New York Times, 2 June, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/02/us/miami-fl-seawall-hurricanes.html. Accessed 1 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Mazzei, P.. ( 2022;), ‘ DeSantis signs Florida Bill that opponents call “don’t say gay”. ’, New York Times, 28 March, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/28/us/desantis-florida-dont-say-gay-bill.html. Accessed 27 October 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( 2022;), ‘ Global and regional sea level rise scenarios for the United States. ’, February, https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/hazards/sealevelrise/sealevelrise-tech-report-sections.html. Accessed 18 January 2023.
  33. Parks, L., and Starosielski, N.. (eds) ( 2015), Signal Traffic: Critical Studies of Media Infrastructure, Chicago, IL:: University of Illinois Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Redfin ( 2021;), ‘ Miami housing market. ’, https://www.redfin.com/city/11458/FL/Miami/housing-market. Accessed 1 August 2022.
  35. Schifani, A.. ( 2014;), ‘ Alternative sprawls, junkcities: Buenos Aires Libre and horizontal urban epistemologies. ’, Journal of Urban Cultural Studies, 1:3, pp. 37594.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Schifani, A.. ( 2021), Urban Ecology and Intervention in the 21st Century Americas: Verticality, Catastrophe, and the Mediated City, New York:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Schmidt, S.. ( 2017;), ‘ As major “sanctuary cities” resist Trump’s threats, Miami-Dade mayor says city will comply. ’, The Washington Post, 27 January.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Siddik, M.,, Shehabi, A., and Marston, L.. ( 2021;), ‘ The environmental footprint of data centers in the United States. ’, Environmental Research Letters, 16:6, pp. 111, https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abfba1#erlabfba1s3. Accessed 1 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact ( 2019;), ‘ Unified sea level rise projection Southeast Florida: 2019 update. ’, April, https://southeastfloridaclimatecompact.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Sea-Level-Rise-Projection-Guidance-Report_FINAL_02212020.pdf. Accessed 27 October 2022.
  40. Sparrow, T.. ( 2013;), ‘ Behind the scenes of Latin America’s internet “brain”. ’, BBC News, 31 January, https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-21178983. Accessed 1 August 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Starosielski, N.. ( 2012;), ‘ “Warning: Do not dig”: Negotiating the visibility of critical infrastructures. ’, Journal of Visual Culture, 11:4, pp. 3857.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Taylor, A. R. E.. ( 2021;), ‘ Future-proof: Bunkered data storage and the selling of ultra-secure cloud storage. ’, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 27:1, pp. 7694.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Taylor, A. R. E., and Velkova, J.. ( 2021;), ‘ Sensing data centers. ’, in N. Kimburg-Witjes,, N. Poechhacker, and G. Bowker. (eds), Sensing In/Security: Sensors as Transnational Security Infrastructures, Manchester:: Mattering Press;, pp. 28798.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Wakefield, S.. ( 2019;), ‘ Miami beach forever? Urbanism in the back loop. ’, Geoforum, 107, pp. 3444.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Schifani, Allison M.. ( 2022;), ‘ Climate, infrastructure and the mediation of Miami: The spatial and discursive politics of the Network Access Point of the Americas. ’, Journal of Environmental Media, 3:2, pp. 21532, https://doi.org/10.1386/jem_00087_1
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1386/jem_00087_1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1386/jem_00087_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Article
Keyword(s): climate; infrastructure; media; Miami; network; urban studies
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error